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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨城市职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Pleaseholduponasumofmoneytocoverthecostsofhandling.

问题1选项

A.borrow

B.reserve

C.take

D.carry

【答案】B

【解析】holdupon意为持有,储备。只有选项B与之意思相近。

2.单选题

ThisEuropeangeologistturnedouttobegoodcompanyandknewalotaboutthecountrywewerein,sowebenefitedtalkingwithhim.Hegaveusseveralveryusefultips.

问题1选项

A.This

B.turnedout

C.goodcompany

D.benefitedtalkingwithhim

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。介词遗漏。在benefited后加上from。Benefit为不及物动词,常后面接from,表示“受益于…”。

3.单选题

Inordertosurvivenowand()inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.

问题1选项

A.maximize

B.thrive

C.erect

D.recruit

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项maximize“最大化,极大”;B选项thrive“繁荣,兴旺,茁壮成长”;C选项erect“竖立,建造,创立”;D选项recruit“征募,聘用”。句意:为了现在的生存和未来的繁荣,所有的员工必须不断地为企业的各个方面创造新的想法。由选项意思和句意可知,B选项符合句意。

4.单选题

SheisalivingproofthataTVcelebritywiththehighestaspirationscansurviveinamediumthattoooftenseemstoberacing().

问题1选项

A.outofbottom

B.atthebottom

C.tothebottom

D.onthebottom

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。racetothebottom“逐底竞争”,句意:她活生生地证明了一个具有最高抱负的电视明星似乎经常可以在逐底竞争中存活下来。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Theyhadto________theirfailuretoalackofpreparation.

问题1选项

A.blame

B.dedicate

C.attribute

D.conclude

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.blame责怪,指责B.dedicate奉献,投身

C.attribute归因,归于D.conclude推定,得出结论

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处和下文的“failure(失败)”构成动宾逻辑,表示他们不得不怎么样自己的失败,并且要能够和to搭配。由“alackofpreparation(准备不足)”可知,这是他们失败的原因,所以空格处应该是表达将失败的原因归于准备不足。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配,意为“把……归因于,认为……是由于”,因此C选项attribute“归因,归于”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项blame“责怪,指责”,blamesth.onsth.指将不好的事归罪、归咎于某事物,不能和to进行搭配;

B选项dedicate“奉献,投身”,dedicatesth.tosth.指在某一特定活动或目标上投入大量的时间和精力,不能和“failure(失败)”进行搭配;

D选项conclude“推定,得出结论”指根据所见所闻做出决定或相信某事,不能和to进行搭配。

【句意】他们不得不把失败归咎于准备不足。

6.填空题

Aschildrenwestart(1)anaturalcuriosityabouteverythingaroundus,andduringthematurationprocessthiscuriositycanbestimulated,bufferedorseverelyattenuatedbyourenvironmentandexperience.Thefuturesuccessofresearchinscienceandengineeringdepends(2)oursocietyrecognizingthecrucialroleplayedbystimulationofmentalprocessesearlyinlife.Patternrecognition,analyticalthinkingandsimilarabilitiesneedtobestimulatedfrombirthonward.Todestroythisnaturalcuriosityortoattenuatethejoyofdiscoveryisthegreatestdisservicewedo(3)thedevelopingperson.

Forthosewhoreachmaturitywiththeirnaturalcuriosityintactandenhancedbyeducation,thejoyofdiscoveryisastrongdriverofsuccess.Butwhyareso(4)ofourcapablestudentspursuingthelevelofeducationrequiredforasuccessfulresearchcareer?Isit(5)wehavedampenedtheircuriosity?Havewefailedtoletthemexperiencethejoyofdiscovery?Isitbecausethemediasometimesportraysscientistsandengineers(6)nerds?Isitbecausetoomanyofuscurrentlyinvolved(7)theresearchenterprisehavebecomedisenchantedwithourcircumstancesandthereforepaintableakfutureforpotentialscientistsandengineers?Perhapsentirelydifferentfactorsare(8)playinthedecisiontonotbecomescientistsandengineers.

Wehavetoofrequentlyportrayedscienceandengineeringasprofessionsthatareall-encompassing.Wehaveportrayedresearchasaprofessionthatrequireslongandgruelinghoursinthelaboratorytoachievesuccess.Wehave(9)topromotetheexcitementandexhilarationofdiscovery.Wehavenotpromotedthefactthatitisnotonlyverycommon(10)veryreasonabletohaveasuccessfulresearchcareerandanexcitingandnormalpersonallife.

【答案】1.with

2.on

3.to

4.few

5.because

6.as

7.in

8.at

9.failed

10.but

【解析】1.start后面需要加介词with才能接名词。startwith“从……开始”

2.dependonsth.是固定用法,意思是“取决于”。

3.句意:去摧毁这种天性或者去打击这种发现的喜悦是我们对处于正在发展中的人做出的最大的伤害。填介词to

4.根据句意和of结构,空格处可填写的词是many或者few,由转折词but可以得出空格处的意思与前文有转折关系,前文提到既然thejoyofdiscovery是成功强有力的推动力,接下来出现了转折,所以此处应该填few.

5.前一句有why提出的疑问,这一句是对前一句的回答,所以填原因。

6.portrayas“描绘成……”

7.involvein“涉及,参与”。

8.atplay“在……中起到了作用”

9.空格处所在的句子与后面的句子wehavenotpromotedthatfact…表达的是同乡的意思,所以空格处应该填与not对应的否定词。failtodosth.“做某事失败”。

10.notonly…but(also)“不仅……而且……”

7.单选题

()thehelpofhisrichuncle,hecouldnotbelivingawealthylifetoday.

问题1选项

A.Becauseof

B.Butfor

C.Inspiteof

D.Asfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项Becauseof表示“因为”;B选项Butfor表示“要不是”;C选项Inspiteof表示“尽管”;D选项Asfor表示“关于,至于”。分析句意可知,要不是他有钱的叔叔帮忙,他今天不可能过着富裕的生活。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

8.单选题

Itis(

)thattheInternetisexertingagrowingimportantinfluenceonpeople’slives.

问题1选项

A.indistinctive

B.indissoluble

C.indispensable

D.indisputable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近形容词词义辨析。indistinctive“无特色的,不显著的”;indissoluble“不能分解的,不能溶解的”;indispensable“不可缺少的”;indisputable“明白的,无可争议的”。根据句意“互联网对人们的生活起到了越来越重要的影响”,这个事实是无可争议的,所以选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Beforetheconstructionoftheroad,itwasprohibitivelyexpensivetotransportanyfursorfruitsacrossthemountains.

问题1选项

A.determinedly

B.incredibly

C.amazingly

D.forbiddingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。prohibitively在句中是“禁止地”,prohibitivelyexpensive的意思是极其昂贵。A选项determinedly“坚定地,坚决地”;B选项incredibly“端地;令人难以置信地”;C选项amazingly“惊人地,令人惊讶地”;D选项forbiddingly“禁止地”。句意:在修路之前,把毛皮和水果运过山是非常昂贵的。根据选项词义,只有D项符合。

10.单选题

Althoughwetriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,wewere(

)bythenoisefromthenextroom.

问题1选项

A.distracted

B.displaced

C.dispersed

D.discarded

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项distract“转移;分心”;B选项displace“取代;置换;转移”;C选项disperse“分散;传播”;D选项discard“抛弃;丢弃”。句意:尽管我们努力集中精力听演讲,但还是被隔壁房间的噪音……了。句中存在转折关系词,表明前后方向改变,前半句说“集中精力”,后半句则是噪音让我们“无法集中精力”。综合分析选项可知A选项正确。

11.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Deteriorationinthequalityofnewmusic.

B.Insightsintothefeaturesofgoodmusic.

C.Olderpeople’schangingmusicaltastes.

D.Olderpeople’saversiontonewmusic.

问题2选项

A.Theynolongerlistentonewmusic.

B.Theyfindallmusicsoundsthesame.

C.Theycanmakesubtledistinctionsaboutmusic.

D.Theyseldomlistentosongsreleasedintheirteens.

问题3选项

A.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,themorefamiliarit’llbetoyou.

B.Themoreyouareexposedtosomething,thedeeperyou’llunderstandit.

C.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thelongeryou’llrememberit.

D.Themoreyouexperiencesomething,thebetteryou’llappreciateit.

问题4选项

A.Teenagers’memoriesaremorelasting.

B.Teenagers’emotionsaremoreintense.

C.Teenagersaremuchmoresensitive.

D.Teenagersaremuchmoresentimental.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】RecordingThree

[22]Whydooldpeopledislikenewmusic?AsI’vegrownolder,Ioftenhearpeoplemyagesaythingsliketheyjustdon’tmakegoodmusicliketheyusedto.Whydoesthishappen?Luckily,psychologycangiveussomeinsightsintothispuzzle.Musicaltastesbegintocrystallizeasearlyasage13or14.Bythetimewe’reinourearly20s,thesetastesgetlockedintoplaceprettyfirmly.

[23]Infact,studieshavefoundthatbythetimeweturn33,mostofushavestoppedlisteningtonewmusic.Meanwhile,popularsongsreleasedwhenyou’reinyourearlyteensarelikelytoremainquitepopularamongyouragegroupfortherestofyourlife.

Therecouldbeabiologicalexplanationforthis,asthere’sevidencethatthebrain’sabilitytomakesubtledistinctionsbetweendifferentchords,rhythms,andmelodiesdeteriorateswithage.Sotoolderpeople,newer,lessfamiliarsongsmightall“soundthesame”.

[22]Butthere’remaybesomesimplerreasonsforolderpeople’saversiontonewermusic.[24]Oneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychologyissomethingcalledthe“mereexposureeffect”,whichinessencemeansthatthemorewe’reexposedtosomething,themorewetendtolikeit.

Thishappenswithpeopleweknow,theadvertisementswesee,andthesongswelistento.

Whenyou’reinyourearlyteens,youprobablyspendafairamountoftimelisteningtomusicorwatchingmusicvideos.Yourfavoritesongsandartistsbecomefamiliar,comfortingpartsofyourroutine.Formanypeopleover30,jobandfamilyobligationsincrease,sothere’slesstimetospenddiscoveringnewmusic.Instead,manywillsimplylistentoold,familiarfavoritesfromthatperiodoftheirliveswhentheyhadmorefreetime.

Ofcourse,thoseteenyearsweren’tnecessarilycarefree.They’refamouslyconfusing,whichiswhysomanyTVshowsandmoviesrevolvearoundthehighschoolturmoil.

[25]Psychologyresearchhasshownthattheemotionsthatweexperienceasteensseemmoreintensethanthosethatcomelater.Andwealsoknowthatintenseemotionsareassociatedwithstrongermemoriesandpreferences.Bothofthesemightexplainwhythesongswelistentoduringthisperiodbecomesomemorableandbeloved.

Sothere’snothingwrongwithyourparentsbecausetheydon’tlikeyourmusic.Rather,it’sallpartofthenaturalorderofthings.

22.Whatdoesthespeakermainlydiscussinthistalk?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者在这次演讲中主要讨论了什么?录音开头就提出为什么老年人不喜欢新音乐的问题,后来提到也许还有一些更简单的原因导致老年人对新音乐的反感。因此D选项“老年人对新音乐的反感”正确。A选项“新音乐质量的下降”、B选项“对好音乐特点的洞察”以及C选项“老年人不断变化的音乐品味”均不是这次演讲讨论的主要内容,因此排除。

23.Whathavestudiesfoundaboutmostpeoplebythetimetheyturned33?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于大多数到了33岁的人,研究发现了什么?录音提到,研究发现,在我们到了33岁的时候,我们中的大多数人已经不再听新音乐了。A选项中的nolonger是原文stopped的同义转述,因此A选项“他们不再听新音乐”正确。B选项“他们觉得所有音乐都一样”表述过于绝对,原文中说的是上了年纪的人觉得较新的、较不熟悉的音乐听上去都一样,并不是所有的音乐,因此B选项排除;C选项“他们能对音乐进行细微的区分”,与原文表述恰好相反,录音提到的是随着年龄的增长,大脑对不同和弦、节奏和旋律进行微妙区分的能力会退化,因此C选项错误;D选项“他们很少听十几岁时发行的歌曲”表述错误,录音中提及,在你十几岁的时候发布的流行歌曲,很可能在你的余生中,在你的同龄人中仍然非常受欢迎,因此D选项也可排除。

24.Whatdowelearnfromoneofthemostresearchedlawsofsocialpsychology?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问从社会心理学中被研究得最多的一个规律中,我们能学到什么?录音中提及,社会心理学研究最多的定律之一是“纯粹接触效应”的东西,从本质上说,这意味着我们越接触某样东西,我们越倾向于喜欢它。D选项“你对某事物感受得越多,你就越喜欢它”是对录音原文的同义转述,因此正确。A选项“你接触某事物越多,你对它就越熟悉”;B选项“你接触某事物越多,你就会对它理解得越深刻”以及C选项“你对某事物感受得越多,你记住它的时间就越长”均不正确。

25.Whatmightexplainthefactthatsongspeoplelistentointheirteenyearsarememorableandbeloved?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问人们在青少年时期所听的歌曲都是他们难忘的、喜爱的,这可能是什么原因?录音提到,心理学研究表明,我们在青少年时期所经历的情绪似乎比后来的情绪更加强烈。而且我们还知道,强烈的情绪与更强的记忆和喜好有关。这两点或许可以解释为什么我们在这一时期听的歌曲会变得如此令人难忘和深受喜爱。因此B选项“青少年的情绪更强烈”正确。A选项“青少年的记忆更持久”;C选项“青少年更敏感”和D选项“青少年更多愁善感”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此排除。

12.单选题

Sheblushed(

)thementionher(

)fiance’sname.

问题1选项

A.of,at

B.on,by

C.at,of

D.by,on

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一提到未婚夫的名字她就脸红。

考查固定搭配。atthementionof提到…时,一提起。

13.翻译题

Ifthereisanytruthinwhathasbeensaidabouttheneedofforming.Atheoryofexperienceateducationmaybeintelligentlyconducteduponthebasisofexperience,itisclearthatthenextthinginorderinthisdiscussionistopresenttheprinciplesthataremostsignificantinframingthistheory.Ishallnot,therefore,apologizeforengaginginacertainamountofphilosophicalanalysis,whichotherwisemightbeoutofplace.Imay,however,reassureyoutosomedegreebysayingthatthisanalysisisnotanendinitselfbutisengagedinforthesakeofobtainingcriteriatobeappliedlaterindiscussionofanumberofconcreteand,tomostpersons,moreinterestingissues.IhavealreadymentionedwhatIcalledthecategoryofcontinuity,ortheexperientialcontinuum.

Thisprincipleisinvolved,as1pointedout,ineveryattempttodiscriminatebetweenexperiencesthatareworthwhileeducationallyandthosethatarenot.Itmayseemsuperfluoustoarguethatthisdiscriminationisnecessarynotonlyincriticizingthetraditionaltypeofeducationbutalsoininitiatingandconductingadifferenttype.Nevertheless,itisadvisabletopursueforalittlewhiletheideathatitisnecessary.Onemaysafelyassume.Isuppose,thatonethingwhichhasrecommendedtheprogressivemovementisthatitseemsmoreinaccordwiththedemocraticidealtowhichourpeopleiscommittedthandotheproceduresofthetraditionalschool,sincethelatterhavesomuchoftheautocraticaboutthem.Anotherthingwhichhascontributedtoitsfavorablereceptionisthatitsmethodsarehumaneincomparisonwiththeharshnesssooftenattendingthepoliciesofthetraditionalschool.ThequestionIwouldraiseconcernswhywepreferdemocraticandhumanearrangementstothosewhichareautocraticandharsh.

Andby“why”,Imeanthereasonforpreferringthem,notjustthecauseswhichleadustothepreference.Onecausemaybethatwehavebeentaughtnotonlyintheschoolsbutbythepress,thepulpit,theplatform,andourlawsandlaw-makingbodiesthatdemocracyisthebestofallsocialinstitutions.Wemayhavesoassimilatedthisideafromoursurroundingsthatithasbecomeahabitualpartofourmentalandmoralmake-up.Butsimilarcauseshaveledotherpersonsindifferentsurroundingstowidelyvaryingconclusions-topreferfascism,forexample.Thecauseforourpreferenceisnotthesamethingasthereasonwhyweshouldpreferit.Itisnotmypurposeheretogoindetailintothereason.ButIwouldaskasinglequestion:Canwefindanyreasonthatdoesnotultimatelycomedowntothebeliefthatdemocraticsocialarrangementspromoteabetterqualityofhumanexperience,onewhichismorewidelyaccessibleandenjoyedthandonon-democraticandanti-democraticformsofsociallife?Doesnottheprincipleofregardforindividualfreedomandfordecencyandkindlinessofhumanrelationscomebackintheendtotheconvictionthatthesethingsaretributarytoahigherqualityofexperienceonthepartofagreaternumberthanarcmethodsofrepressionandcoercionorforce?

Isitnotthereasonforourpreferencethatwebelievethatmutualconsultationandconvictionsreachedthroughpersuasionmakepossibleabetterqualityofexperiencethancanotherwisebeprovidedonanywidescale?

【答案】如果正如之前所说,对于理论形成的需要是真实的话,教育经验理论可以在过往经验的基础上进行明智的指导,那么很清楚的是,在这个讨论中,接下来要做的就是提出构建这个理论框架最重要的原则。

正如我提出的一样,这个原则涉及于每一次尝试区分有教育价值的经历和没有教育价值的经历中。

我认为有一点是确定的,推进这项进步运动,在于它似乎比传统学校的程序更符合我国人民所致力于的民主理想,因为传统学校有太多的专制思想。

而对于“为什么”,我指的是偏向于后者的原因,而不仅仅是导致我们偏向后者的原因。我们可能已经从周围环境中吸收了这种观念,以至于它已经成为我们心理和道德构成的一部分。

我们能找到任何最终不会归结为民主社会促进提升人类经验中的更好品质,这种体验比非民主和反民主的社会生活形式更容易理解和享受这一信仰的原因吗?

我们相信通过说服而达成的相互协商和信任,可能比通过其他方式在任何情况下提供更好的经验质量,这难道不是我们偏向的理由吗?

14.单选题

Weneedtomakesurethatwe()ourresourcesasfullyaspossible.

问题1选项

A.use

B.exploit

C.employ

D.explore

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。use“使用”;exploit“开发,开拓”;employ“雇用”;explore“探索,探测”。句意:我们需要确保尽可能全面开发我们的资源。选项B符合题意。

15.填空题

THEIRONBRIDGE

TheIronBridgewasthefirstofaskindinEuropeandisuniversallyrecognizedasasymboloftheIndustrialRevolution.

A:TheIronBridgecrossestheRiverSeverninCoalbrookdale,inthewestofEngland.Itwasthefirstcast-ironbridgetobesuccessfullyerected,andthefirstlargecast-ironstructureoftheindustrialageinEurope,althoughtheChinesewereexpertiron-castersmanycenturiesearlier.

B:Riversusedtotheequivalentoftoday’smotorways,inthattheywereextensivelyusedfortransportation.TheRiverSevern,whichstartsitslifeontheWelshmountainsandeventuallyenterstheseabetweenCardiffandBristol,isthelongestnavigableriverinBritain.Itwasidealfortransportationpurpose,andspecialboatswerebuilttonavigatethewaters.Bythemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury,theSevernwasoneofthebusiestriversinEurope.Localgoods,includingcoal,ironproducts,wool,grainandcider,weresentbyriver.Amongthegoodscomingupstreamwereluxuriessuchassugar,tea,coffeeandwine.Inplaces,theriverbankswerelinedwithwharvesandtheriverwasoftencrowdedwithboatsloadingorunloading.

C:In1638,BasilBrookepatentedasteel-makingprocessandbuiltafurnaceatCoalbrookdale.ThislaterbecamethepropertyofAbrahamDarby(referredtoasAbrahamDarbyItodistinguishhimfromhissonandgrandsonofthesamename.)AfterservinganapprenticeshipinBirmingham,DarbyhadstartedabusinessinBristol,buthemovedtoCoalbrookdalein1710withanideathatcokederivedfromcoalcouldprovideamoreeconomicalalternativetocharcoalasafuelforironmaking.Thisledtocheaper,moreefficientironmakingfromtheabundantsuppliesofcoal,ironandlimestoneinthearea.

D:Hisson,AbrahamDarbyII,pioneeredthemanufactureofcastiron,andhadtheideaofbuildingabridgeovertheSevern,asferryingstoresofallkindsacrosstheriver,particularlythelargequantitiesoffuelforthefurnacesatCoalbrookdaleandothersurroundingironworks,involvedconsiderableexpenseanddelay.However,itwashissonAbrahamDarbyIII(bornin1750)who,in1775,organizedameetingtoplanthebuildingofabridge.Thiswasdesignedbyalocalarchitect,ThomasPritchard,whohadtheideaofconstructingitofiron.

E:Sectionswerecastduringthewinterof1778-9fora7-metre-widebridgewithaspanof31metres,12metresabovetheriver.Constructiontookthreemonthsduringthesummerof1779,andremarkably,nobodywasinjuredduringtheconstructionprocess-afeatalmostunheardofeveninmodernmajorcivilengineeringprojects.Workontheapproachroadscontinuedforanothertwoyears,andthebridgewasopenedtotrafficin1781AbrahamDarbyⅢfundedthebridgebycommissioningpaintingsandengravings,buthelostalotontheproject,whichhadcostnearlydoubletheestimate,andhediedleavingmassivelargerdebtsin1789,agedonly39.Thedistrictdidnotflourishformuch1onger,andduringthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesfactoriescloseddown.Since1934thebridgehasbeenopenonlytopedestrians.UniversallyrecognizedasthesymboloftheIndustrialRevolution,theIronBridgenowstandsattheheartoftheIronBridgeGorgeWorldHeritageSite.

F:Ithasalwaysbeenamysteryhowthebridgewasbuilt.Despiteitspioneeringtechnologynoeye-witnessaccountsareknownwhichdescribetheironbridgebeingerected—andcertainlynoplanshavesurvived.However,recentdiscoveries,researchandexperimentshaveshednewlightonexactlyhowitwasbuilt,challengingtheassumptionsofrecentdecades.In1997asmallwatercoloursketchbyEliasMartincametolightintheSwedishcapital,Stockholm.Althoughthereisawealthofearlyviewsofthebridgebynumerousartists,thisistheonlyonewhichactuallyshowsitunderconstruction.

G:Upuntilrecentlyithadbeenassumedthatthebridgehadbeenbuiltfrombothbanks,withtheinnersupportstiltedacrosstheriver.Thiswouldhaveallowedrivertraffictocontinueunimpededduringconstruction.Butthepictureclearlyshowssectionsofthebridgebeingraisedfromabargeintheriver.Itcontradictedeverythinghistorianshadassumedaboutthebridge,anditwasevenconsideredthatthepicturecouldhavebeenafakeasnootherhadcometolight.Soin2001ahalf-scalemodelofthebridgewasbuilt,inordertoseeifitcouldhavebeenconstructedinthewaydepictedinthewatercolour.Meanwhile,adetailedarchaeological,historicalandphotographicsurveywasdonebytheIronbridgeGorgeMuseumTrust,alongwitha3DCAD(computer–aideddesign)modelbyEnglishHeritage.

H:Theresultstellusalotmoreabouthowthebridgewasbuilt.Wenowknowthatallthelargecastingsweremadeindividuallyastheyareallslightlydifferent.Thebridgewasn’tweldedorboltedtogetherasmetalbridgesarethesedays.Insteaditwasfittedtogetherusingacomplexsystemofjointsnormallyusedforwood—butthiswasthetraditionalwayinwhichironstructureswerejoinedatthetime.Theconstructionofthemodelprovedthatthepaintingshowsaveryrealisticmethodofconstructingthebridgethatcouldworkandwasinallprobabilitythemethodused.

I:NowonlyonemysteryremainsintheIronBridgestory.TheSwedishwatercoloursketchhadapparentlybeentornfromabookwhichwouldhavecontainedsimilarsketches,ithadbeendrawnbyaSwedishartistwholivedinLondonfor12yearsandtravelledBritaindrawingwhathesaw.Nobodyknowswhathashappenedtotherestofthebook,butperhapstheothersketchesstillexistsomewhere.IftheyareeverfoundtheycouldprovidefurthervaluableevidenceofhowtheIronBridgewasconstructed.

Thetexthasnineparagraphs.A-I.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?Writethecorrectletter.A-Ionyouranswersheet.(

1.whyabridgewasrequiredacrosstheRiverSevern

2.amethodusedtoraisemoneyforthebridge

3.whyCoalbrookdalebecameattractivetoironmakers

4.howthesectionsofthebridgewereconnectedtoeachother

【答案】1.D

2.E

3.C

4.H

【解析】1.根据文章D段,“hadtheideaofbuildingabridgeovertheSevern,asferryingstoresofallkindsacrosstheriver,particularlythelargequantitiesoffuelforthefurnacesatCoalbrookdaleandothersurroundingironworks,involvedconsiderableexpenseanddelay.”,AbrahamDarby有在塞文河上建一座桥的想法,因为需要运送各种各样的物资过河,尤其是科尔布鲁克代尔和周围其他炼铁厂的大量燃料,这要花费相当大的费用,而且耗费很长的时间。可判断出D段的主要内容是解释了在塞文河上建桥的原因。

2.根据文章E段,“AbrahamDarbyⅢfundedthebridgebycommissioningpaintingsandengravings,buthelostalotontheproject,whichhadcostnearlydoubletheestimate,andhediedleavingmassivelargerdebtsin1789,agedonly39.”,达比三世在这座桥的绘画和雕刻上赞助了资金,但他在这个项目上损失惨重,花费几乎是预期的两倍。1789年,年仅39岁的他死后留下了巨额债务。可判断出E段主要提到了桥的花费和资助问题,为这座桥筹集资金。选项E符合题意。

3.根据文章C段,“DarbyhadstartedabusinessinBristol,buthemovedtoCoalbrookdalein1710withanideathatcokederivedfromcoalcouldprovideamoreeconomicalalternativetocharcoalasafuelforironmaking.”,达比在布里斯托尔开了一家公司,但他在1710年搬到了科尔布鲁克代尔,他的想法是,从煤炭中提取的焦炭可替代木炭,是一种更经济的炼铁燃料。可判断出搬到科尔布鲁克代尔的目的在于可以利用熔炉从焦炭中提取更经济的炼铁材料,所以对炼铁工人更有吸引力。选项C符合题意。

4.根据文章H段,“Thebridgewasn’tweldedorboltedtogetherasmetalbridgesarethesedays.Insteaditwasfittedtogetherusingacomplexsystemofjointsnormallyusedforwood—butthiswasthetraditionalwayinwhichironstructureswerejoinedatthetime.”,这座桥不像现在的金属桥,焊接或用螺栓连接在一起的。相反,它是用一套常用于木材的复杂的接头系统连接在一起的——但这是当时铸铁连接的传统方式。可判断出H段主要介绍了桥的各个部分是通过什么样的方式相互连接的。选项H符合题意。

16.单选题

Trytheproductoutinthecomfortofyourownhomewithabsolutelyno(

)tobuy.

问题1选项

A.commitment

B.engagement

C.persuasion

D.preservation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。commitment“承诺,许诺”;engagement“订婚,婚约,约会”;persuasion“劝说,说服”;preservation“保存,保留”。句意:可以在自己家里随意试用本产品且根本不用承诺买该产品。A项符合题意。

17.单选题

Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.

问题1选项

A.tohavestolen

B.tosteal

C.havingstolen

D.havingbeenstealing

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。句意:警察盘问那人时,他否认偷了超市里的任何东西。根据动词短语denydoingsth.确定非谓语动词用现在分词ing形式,根据steal的动作发生在deny之前,确定用完成时,C选项havingstolen符合题意。没有denytodosth.的用法,A选项tohavestolen和B选项tosteal错误。D选项havingbeenstealing没有这个用法,语法错误。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Threelaboureconomistssuggestthateffortatworkiscorrelatedwithrace.Afterrejectinganumberof1explanationsforwhythismightbe,theyfinally2thediscrepancytounexplained“culturaldifferences”.Acutely3ofthesensitivityofthesefindings,theydelayedpublicationuntilafterthe4election.Thepapermayyetbe5onbythosewhoarekeentorootout“politicalcorrectness”andareunhappywithcurrentanti-discriminationlaws.Thestudy’smethodisstraightforwarD.Thedatacomefromnearly36,000“dailydiaries”,self-reportingonhowAmericansspenttheirworkinghours,6from2003to2012.Relyingonthe7thatworkersareequallyhonestinadmittingsloth,theauthorscalculatethefractionoftimespentnotworkingwhileonthejob-spent-relaxingoreating,say-andfindthatitvariesbyracetoasmallbut8significantdegree.Thegapremains,albeitinweakerform,evenwiththeadditionofextensivecontrolsforgeography,9andunionstatus,amongothers.Non-whitemaleworkersspendan101.1%ofthedaynotworkingwhileonthejob,oranextrafiveminutesperday.

问题1选项

A.excusable

B.plausible

C.rational

D.accountable

问题2选项

A.subscribe

B.confer

C.due

D.attribute

问题3选项

A.aware

B.conscious

C.knowing

D.ignorant

问题4选项

A.president

B.presidency

C.presidential

D.presiding

问题5选项

A.attacked

B.seized

C.criticized

D.pin-downed

问题6选项

A.responded

B.documented

C.gathered

D.collected

问题7选项

A.assumption

B.resumption

C.thesis

D.hypothesis

问题8选项

A.datum

B.statistic

C.presumably

D.statistically

问题9选项

A.industry

B.province

C.faculty

D.discrepancy

问题10选项

A.adding

B.additional

C.deduction

D.induction

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:A

第10题:B

【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项excusable“可原谅的;可辩解的;可免除的”;B选项plausible“看似可信的;花言巧语的,巧言令色的”;C选项rational“合理的;理性的”;D选项accountable“有责任的;有解释义务的”。根据上下文,以及关键字explanations(解释),可推测经济学家拒绝了许多合理的解释,由此可推测C选项正确。

2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项subscribe“签署;赞成;捐助”;B选项confer“授予;给予”;C选项dueto“由于;应归于”;D选项attribute“归属;把……归于”。根据上下文,以及关键字discrepancy“矛盾”,可排除A、B选项,C选项due不能作为动词使用,也可排除。由此D选项正确。

3.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项aware“意识到的;知道的”;B选项conscious“意识到的;故意的;神志清醒的”;C选项knowing“明知的,故意的;认知的”;D选项ignorant“无知的;愚昧的”。根据关键字sensitivity(敏感性)判断出这几位科学家意识到这类发现有“敏感性”,以及后文theydelayedpublication(他们推迟出版)可排除C、D选项,B选项conscious(指内心的感觉,强调深刻的心理活动)因此也可排除,A选项aware(侧重感知,多与of连用),因此A选项正确。

4.考查近义词词义辨析。A选项president“总统;董事长;校长”;B选项presidency“总统(或董事长、会长、大学校长等)的职位(任期)”;C选项presidential“总统的;首长的;统辖”;D选项presiding“主持;担任(会议)主席”。根据关键词the…election(选举)可排除D选项,B选项presidency(总统的职位)强调职位,也可排除,A选项president(总统)为名词,也可排除,中文翻译为:直到总统选举结束。判断出此处C选项正确。

5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项attacked“攻击;侵害”;B选项seized“逮住;咬住”;C选项criticized“批评”;D选项pin-downed“发现,查明;确定;使受约束”。句意:这份报告可能会被那些热衷于根除“政治正确性”并对现行反歧视法不满的人所利用。判断出B选项正确。

6.考查动词词义辨析。A选项responded“回答,回报;反应”;B选项documented“记录”;C选项gathered“聚集”;D选项collected“收藏;聚集;聚积”。句意:他的数据来自于2003年至2012年收集的近36000份“每日日记”,这些日记是关于美国人如何度过工作时间的。根据关键词data(数据),A选项可排除。B选项,文中不是他本人所记录的,也可排除。C选项“gathered”,表示由少到多的收集,不符合题意,可排除。D选项“collect”表示有目的或有挑选的收集,可知D选项正确。

7.考查名词词义辨析。A选项assumption“假定;设想;担任”;B选项resumption“恢复;重新开始;取回;重获”;C选项thesis“论文;论点”;D选项hypothesis“(凭空的)猜想”。根据下文workersareequallyhonestinadmittingsloth(工人们同样坦诚地承认自己懒惰)可排除B、C选项。D选项hypothesis(凭空的)猜想也可排除,可知A选项正确。

8.考查词义辨析。A选项datum“数据,资料;基准点”;B选项statistic“统计资料;统计学”;C选项presumably“大概;推测起来;可假定”;D选项statistically“统计地;统计学上”。根据关键词significant(有意义的)可知前面应填副词,可排除A、B选项,C选项与文中significant不匹配,因此D选项正确。

9.考查名词词义辨析。A选项industry“产业;工业;勤勉”;B选项province“省;领域;职权”;C选项faculty“科,系;能力”;D选项discrepancy“不符;矛盾;相差”。根据关键词geography(地理)以及unionstatus(工会地位)可推测,中间应填一个与其意思相近的名词,根据上下文,可知A选项正确。

10.考查词义辨析。A选项adding“增加”;B选项additional“附加的,额外的”;C选项deduction“扣除,减除;推论”;D选项induction“感应;归纳法;感应现象”。根据关键词“an”可排除C选项,根据1.1%可知应填形容词进行修饰,因此可排除A、D选项。可知B选项正确。

19.翻译题

金银玉器是一个总称,通指对金、银等金属材质及玉石进行锻炼、雕琢加工而成的佩戴装饰品或观赏工艺品。

我国金银器的制造和使用已有三千多年的历史。在商代青铜文化闻名于世的同时,就已经出现了金器。从传世文物上来看,金银器品种繁多,应用广泛。小到金银首饰,大到佛塔供器,无不可以发现金银器的踪影。普通人家只是将金银器用作佩饰可收藏,官宦人家则更用作饮食、生活用具,而宫廷中金银器的使用则遍及佛事、饮食起居、冠服车马、陈设装饰等各个方面。从中可以想见金银器对我们传统文化及日常生活的深刻影响。

玉器是指用玉石手工雕刻琢磨而成,用于佩戴装饰或陈设观赏的艺术品。早期的玉器多用作礼器,少数用作佩饰。从良渚、红山文化遗址中出土的古玉来看,新石器时期的玉器用作祭祀、陪葬的礼器外,还有辟邪的神秘意味,同时还是权

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