考研考博-英语-南昌大学共青学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌大学共青学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theprotestswerepartoftheir（）againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopmentinthearea.

问题1选项

A.commission

B.commitment

C.convention

D.campaign

【答案】D

【解析】语义题。commission授权，委托；commitment承诺，许诺，保证；convention习俗，惯例。campaign运动,战役。根据句中protests，partof推测,D项campaign符合句意。

2.不定项选择题

Microsoftisnolongertheworld’sbiggestcompanybymarketcapitalization.ThereotherU.Scompanieshaveovertakenthesoftwaregiantintermsofstockmarketvalue.Thefirm’svaluehasgonedownsharplyby41%sofarthisyear,fromnearly$600billionto$358billion.Muchofthereasonforthefallhasbeentheuncertaintypromptedbytheon-goinganti-trustcase.IthasbeenovertakenbyGeneralElectric,nowworth$506billion,Intel,worth$441billionandCiscoSystems,$436billion.

OverthepastyearMicrosoftshareshavemoveddownwardsfromahighof$120to$68inearlytradingon7June.MeanwhilerivalCiscohasseenitssharepriceriseby$25tomorethan$60asthecompanyhasgaineditsroleinprovidingthehardwarefortheInternet.AndformostoftheyearithasbeencompetingwithcomputerchipmakerIntelforthesecondplace.Intel’sPentiumchipsarewidelyusedinpersonalcomputersworldwide.

Thecompanythatnowholdsthetitleoftheworld’biggestcompanyisanindustrialgiantwhichmakeseverythingfromtoasterstojetengines.GEhassalesof$110billion—nearlytentimesthatofMicrosoftand340,000employeesworldwide.Ithasseenitsprofitsgrowby15%ayearto$11billion.GECapitalServices,itsfinancialsubsidiary,makeupnearlyhalfitssales.GEproducespowergenerationsystems,locomotive,medicalimagingequipmentandelectricalappliances.ItalsoowntheU.StelevisionnetworkNBCanditsfinancialnewssubsidiary,CNBC,andironically,ajointventurewithMicrosofttoprovidenewsontheInternet.

Microsoft’ssharesnowfaceafurtherperiodofuncertaintyasthecompany’slegalbattlecontinues.Itcouldalsofacedifficultyinrecruitingandretainingemployeeswhosepayhasbeenboostedbytheirshareoptions.TheSeattlebasedfirmislikelytogotoanappealscourtonanyrulings.Itcouldsufferfurtherlossesfromlawsuitsbroughtbycompetitors,whowouldbeabletoclaimtripledamagesforanylossessuffered.Andwithitsenergyandresourcestiedupinthelawsuits,thecompanymayfinditdifficulttocontinuetoinnovateinthefuture,ormovesoaggressivelytobuyupcompetitors.

1.Microsoft’ssharesaredevalueddrasticallyowingto（

）.

2.CiscoSystem’ssharepricehasrisenconsiderably（

）.

3.WhichisnowthesecondbiggestcompanyintheUnitedStates?

4.WhichofthefollowingcompaniesisownedbyGeneralElectricandMicrosofttogether?

5.WhyisitdifficultforMicrosofttoretainemployees?

问题1选项

A.fiercecompetitionfromrivals

B.itsinvolvementinalawsuit

C.thecourtrulings

D.thedecreaseinsalesvolume

问题2选项

A.afterithasovertakenpartofMicrosoft’sshares

B.afterithasbeatenIntelandrisentothesecondplace

C.sinceithasgainedafirmfootinginthemarket

D.becauseitisdevelopingjointlywithMicrosoft

问题3选项

A.GeneralElectric

B.Intel

C.CiscoSystems

D.GECapitalServices

问题4选项

A.GECapitalServices

B.NBC

C.CNBC

D.MSNBC

问题5选项

A.Becauseitfacesanuncertainfuture.

B.Becauseitwillhaveprobleminnovatingitself.

C.Becauseitwillhaveproblempayingthem.

D.Becauseitmaybeboughtupbyitscompetitorsoneday.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：微软公司市值急剧下降的原因是……。A选项“与对手的激烈竞争”；B选项“卷入到一场诉讼中”C选项“法院裁决”；D选项“销售量的下降”根据题干定位到第一段倒数第二句话Muchofthereasonforthefallhasbeentheuncertaintypromptedbytheon-goinganti-trustcase.（股价下跌的主要原因是正在进行的反垄断案引发的）。所以答案是B，文中没有提到法院的裁决所以不能选C。

第2题:事实细节题。题干：思科系统公司的股价上升……。A选项“在它超过了微软的部分股份之后”；B选项“在击败英特尔并上升到第二位之后”；C选项“因为它已经在市场上站稳了脚跟”；D选项“因为它是和微软合作开发的”。根据题干定位到第二段第二句话…asthecompanyhasgaineditsroleinprovidingthehardwarefortheInternet.（……当该公司已经在为互联网提供硬件方面获得了自己的角色），C选项是这句话的同义替换，所以答案选C；文中没有提及股价上升的具体时间也没有说该公司加入了微软，所以A、B、D选项错误。

第3题:事实细节题。题干：那个公司是现在美国第二大的公司。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句话IthasbeenovertakenbyGeneralElectric,nowworth$506billion,Intel,worth$441billionandCiscoSystems,$436billion.（它已经被价值5060亿美元的通用电气、价值4410亿美元的英特尔和价值4360亿美元的思科系统所超越。）微软原本是第一，后来被这三家公司超过，排在第二的是因特尔公司，所以答案选B。

第4题:事实细节题。题干：下列哪一家公司是通用电气和微软共同拥有的？根据题干定位到第三段最后一句…anditsfinancialnewssubsidiary,CNBC,andironically,ajointventurewithMicrosofttoprovidenewsontheInternet.（以及它的金融新闻子公司CNBC，讽刺的是，这是它与微软成立的一家提供互联网新闻的合资公司。），因此答案选C。

第5题:判断推理题。题干：为什么微软很难留住员工？A选项“因为他们面临一个不确定的未来”B选项“因为他们很难做到创新”；C选项“因为它将发不出工资”；D选项“因为总有一天它会被对手买下”根据题干定位到最后一段第二句话Itcouldalsofacedifficultyinrecruitingandretainingemployeeswhosepayhasbeenboostedbytheirshareoptions.（该公司还可能在招聘和留住员工方面面临困难，这些员工的工资由他们的股票期权推动）和第四句话Itcouldsufferfurtherlossesfromlawsuitsbroughtbycompetitors,whowouldbeabletoclaimtripledamagesforanylossessuffered.（如果竞争对手提起诉讼，它可能会遭受更大的损失，而竞争对手则可以就其遭受的任何损失要求三倍的赔偿）。从这两句可以看出员工工资随着股票的涨动而动，但是微软可能还会遭受另一些诉讼，所以答案选A，C选项文章没有提及；定位到文章最后一段最后一句话Andwithitsenergyandresourcestiedupinthelawsuits,thecompanymayfinditdifficulttocontinuetoinnovateinthefuture,ormovesoaggressivelytobuyupcompetitors.（由于公司的能源和资源都被官司缠身，该公司可能会发现在未来很难继续创新，或采取激进的行动收购竞争对手。）由此可知文章指的是微软现在已经不能把对手买下了，不是被对手买下，所以错误；而不能创新不是不能留住员工的原因，所以C不能选。

3.单选题

Darwinstatedthatthemoresurvivalcharacteristicsacreaturehas（

）thechancethatnewspecieswilladoptthesecharacteristics.

问题1选项

A.thebest

B.thebetter

C.betterthan

D.asgoodas

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。“The+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……就越……”，B选项正确。句意是‘达尔文指出，一个生物拥有的生存特征越多，该物种拙有这些特征的机会越大。’

4.单选题

Anarrowhasasharp,pointedheadwithwhichitperforatesitstarget.

问题1选项

A.facestoward

B.follows

C.pierces

D.fliestoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。perforate表示“穿过，穿孔”。A项facetoward“正对着”，B项follow“跟随”，C项pierce“刺穿，穿破”，D项flytoward“飞向”；句意：箭头前端很尖锐，可以用它来刺穿目标物。根据句意该题选C。

5.单选题

AlfredNobel,thefamousSwedishchemistwhofoundedtheNobelPrize,wasbornintoafamilywhereresearchandexperimentationwerealmostsecondnature.HisfatherImmanuel,outofworkandpenniless,testedhistheoriesofexplosivesinalaboratorysetupintheirhouse.Unfortunately,theelderNobelremainedfrustratedinhiseffortstoapplyhisnaturalinventivespirittoestablishingaprosperousendeavor.

AlfredNobelworkedalongsidehisfather,andby1850whenhewas17,Alfredhadacquiredmostofhisfather’sknowledgeofandenthusiasmforchemistry.Althoughnumerousotherscientistshadbeenintriguedbynitroglycerine,Alfredwastheonewhofinallymanagedtoturnthisdangeroussubstanceintoasafeandusefulexplosive.Hesucceededindevelopingdynamitecommercially,whichlaidthefoundationformanyoftheworld’sleadingchemicalenterprises.AsidefromintroducingtheinnovativeNobelIgniterin1864anddynamitein1866，Alfredclaimed355patentsincludingnitrocelluloseandsubstitutesforleatherandrubber.Hedevelopedclevermethodsfortheproductionofsyntheticsilkandwasinvolvedinelectrochemical,telecommunications,andsafetyalarmsystemsaswell.

AlfredNobelwasadedicatedscientistwhobecameveryrichapplyinghisknowledgeofchemistry.Hissenseofguiltoverhavingcreatedapotentiallydeadlymaterialledhimtoleavesomeofhismillionstorewardindividualswhomadesubstantialcontributionstocertainareasofscience.Itwasnaturalthathewouldincludechemistryasoneofthosebranches,especiallysincetheendofthenineteenthcenturybroughtrapidadvancementsinthefield.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueaboutAlfredNobel’sfatherImmanuel?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepowerofnitroglycerine（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutAlfredNobelcanbedrawnfromthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,AlfredNobelmadeimportantprogressindevelopingallofthefollowingitemsEXCEPT

（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAlfredNobellaterviewedhisinventionofdynamite（

）.

问题1选项

A.Hewasneverabletocapitalizeonhisworkinchemistry.

B.Hewasnotinstrumentalindevelopinghisson’senthusiasmforchemistry.

C.Heturnedhisknowledgeofchemistryintoaprofitablebusiness.

D.HesharedintheworkofhissonAlfred.

问题2选项

A.wasfirstrecognizedbyImmanuelNobel

B.wasneverutilizedwellbychemicalenterprises

C.wasmostfullydevelopedbyAlfredNobel

D.layinitsintrigueformanyscientists

问题3选项

A.Histalentslayalmostexclusivelyintheareaofexplosives.

B.Hewasreluctanttobequeathalargepartofhiswealthtowardspromotingscientificresearch.

C.Hechosetoworkindependentlyofotherscientists.

D.Hewasamajorcontributortotherapidprogressinchemistryinthelatenineteenthcentury.

问题4选项

A.nitrocellulose

B.rubberandleather

C.syntheticsilk

D.safetyalarmdevices

问题5选项

A.withmuchconcernforitsnegativeeffectsonmankind

B.asaminorachievementinhislongcareer

C.withsatisfactionregardingitsimpactonchemicalenterprises

D.asanaturaloutgrowthofhisfather'straining

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知下列哪项关于诺贝尔父亲的描述是正确的？”文章第一段最后一句提到“不幸的是，老诺贝尔并未能用自己天生的发明精神来完成这项伟大的事业”（Unfortunately,theelderNobelremainedfrustratedinhiseffortstoapplyhisnaturalinventivespirittoestablishingaprosperousendeavor），因此选项A符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知硝化甘油是什么？”文章第二段提到“尽管硝化甘油一直吸引了很多其他科学家的目光”（Althoughnumerousotherscientistshadbeenintriguedbynitroglycerine），因此选项D符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“下列哪项关于诺贝尔的总结可以从文章中得出？”文章最后一段最后一句提到“他将化学包括在那些尤其是从19世纪末以来为这个领域带来了进步的分支中”（Itwasnaturalthathewouldincludechemistryasoneofthosebranches,especiallysincetheendofthenineteenthcenturybroughtrapidadvancementsinthefield），因此选项D符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，诺贝尔在很多领域起了很大作用，除了下列哪项？”文章倒数第二段提到“诺贝尔申请了355项专利，包括硝化纤维、皮革和橡胶的替代品，他研究出一种生产合成丝的好方法，还参与到电化学、通讯以及安全警报系统的研究中”（NobelIgniterin1864anddynamitein1866，Alfredclaimed355patentsincludingnitrocelluloseandsubstitutesforleatherandrubber.Hedevelopedclevermethodsfortheproductionofsyntheticsilkandwasinvolvedinelectrochemical,telecommunications,andsafetyalarmsystemsaswell），由此可知，选项D符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可以知道诺贝尔后期对炸药的看法是什么？”文章最后一段提到“他对创造一种有潜在致命危险的材料感到愧疚……”（Hissenseofguiltoverhavingcreatedapotentiallydeadlymaterial…），选项A“担心它对人类有消极影响”符合题意。

6.单选题

By（

）computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthimtwothousanddollars.

问题1选项

A.coarse

B.rude

C.crude

D.rough

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。coarse“粗糙的”；rude“粗鲁的，无礼的”；crude“粗糙的，天然的”；rough“粗略的，艰苦的”。句意：通过粗略估算，他估计房子的整修将花费两千美元。D项符合句意，答案D

7.单选题

（

）theprecisequalitiesoftheheroinliteraryworksmayvaryovertime,basicexemplaryfunctionoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.

问题1选项

A.Whatever

B.Inspiteof

C.Eventhough

D.Regardless

【答案】C

【解析】考查让步状语从句。分析句子，可知逗号后面的为主句，逗号前面的从句主谓完整，缺少一个连接副词连接句子，whatever在句中可作主语与宾语，从句中的谓语动词mayvary后面不需要接宾语了，因此用Eventhough。inspiteof后面接的是名词或者动名词，不跟从句；regardless后面不接句子。

句意：尽管文学作品中主人公的精湛品质可能随着时间的推移而变化，但英雄的基本模范作用似乎保持不变。

8.单选题

Keplerreconciledastronomywithphysics,andsubstitutedforfictitiousclockworkauniverseofmaterialbodiesnotunliketheearth,freelyfloatingandturninginspace,movedbyforces（

）.

问题1选项

A.actedonthem

B.beingactedonit

C.actingonthem

D.havingactedonit

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。句意：开普勒综合了天文学和物理学，用宇宙中与地球相似的实质天体替换了虚构的运行规律，这些天体在天空中自由运动、旋转，由作用在他们上面的力驱动运转。本题考查的是分词做后置定语的用法，force与them是主动关系，因此act用现在分词形式。因此C选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Youmustreadbetweenthelinestogetthe（）meaning.

问题1选项

A.unanimous

B.underlying

C.ultimate

D.universal

【答案】B

【解析】词义辨析题。unanimous意见相同的,

全体一致的；underlying潜在的；ultimate最终的,

根本的；universal普遍的,

通用的。句意：你必须从字里行间去领会其深层含义。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Getashirtonesizelargerthanyouusuallywear,becausethismaterial（

）whenyouwashit.

问题1选项

A.fades

B.decreases

C.retreats

D.shrinks

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。fade意为“变暗，衰退，衰落”；decrease意为“减少，降低”；retreat意为“撤退，后退”；shrink意为“收缩，缩小”。

句意：穿一件比你平时穿的大一点的衬衫，因为这个材料洗过后会缩水。

11.翻译题

当你站在一件艺术品面前时，技术便会帮你找到有关这一艺术品某一方面的更多信息。比如在鉴定艺术品的年代和出处方面，技术将具有极大价值。我们可以运用越来越客观的标准来鉴定纸张、颜料、化学品等的年代，这样将会有令人震惊的事情发生，例如突然发现一件伟大作品竟然是赝品。当然，艺术品市场自身将继续随着供求关系而浮动，但是在英国，我希望博物馆和美术馆有朝一日能得到政府政策上的帮助，政府放松纳税规定，更多地鼓励私人收藏家把藏品捐献给公共机构。

【答案】Whenyouareappreciatingaworkofart,technologywillprovideyouwithmoredetailedinformationaboutthiswork.Technologywillbeofgreatvalueinsomefieldssuchasdeterminingthedateandoriginoftheartwork.Inappraisingtheageofthepaper,pigmentandchemicaloftheartwork,moreandmoreobjectivestandardsareavailable.Inthisprocess,somesurprisingthingswilloccur.Forinstance,amasterpieceissuddenlyfoundtobeafake.Ofcourse,themarketofartworkwillchangewiththelawofsupplyanddemand.However,inBritain,Ihopethatmuseumsandgallerieswillonedaybehelpedbygovernmentpoliciesthatrelaxtaxrulesandencourageprivatecollectorstodonatemoretopublicinstitutions.

12.单选题

Whilecrossingthemountainareas,allthemenhadgunsforprotectionlestthey（

）bythelocalbandits.

问题1选项

A.beattacked

B.mustbeattacked

C.wereattacked

D.wouldbeattacked

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由“lest”引导的目的状语从句，意思是“唯恐，以免”，与之有相同用法的还有“forfearthat/inorderthat/sothat”，谓语动词一般用(should/could/might)+动词原形。因此选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Ithoughttheboatonlyheldsix.Howdidyou（

）sevenseats?

问题1选项

A.reserve

B.deserve

C.preserve

D.reverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。reserve意为“预定，预约，保留”；deserve意为“应得，应受”；preserve意为“保护，保存”；reverse意为“使反转，颠覆”。

句意：我以为这船上只能载六个人。你怎么预定了七个位置呢？

14.单选题

Earlyresearchonattitudesassumedthattheywerecasuallyrelatedtobehavior;thatis,theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.Commonsense,too,suggestsarelationship.Isn’titlogicalthatpeoplewatchtelevisionprogramstheylike,orthatemployeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistasteful?

However,inthelate1960s,thisassumedeffectofattitudesonbehaviorwaschallengedbyareviewoftheresearch.Oneresearcher—LeonFestinger—arguedthatattitudesfollowbehavior.Didyouevernoticehowpeoplechangewhattheysay.soitdoesn’tcontradictwhattheydo?PerhapsafriendofyourshasconsistentlyarguedthatthequalityofUScarsisn’tuptothatofimportsandthathe’dneverownanythingbutaJapaneseorGermancar.Buthisdadgiveshimalate-modelFordMustang,andsuddenlyUScarsaren'tsobad.Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.Festingerarguedthatanyformofinconsistencyisuncomfortableandthatindividualswillattempttoreducethedissonanceand,hence,thediscomfort.Theywillseekastablestate,inwhichthereisaminimumofdissonance.

Researchhasgenerallyconcludedthatpeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehavior.Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.Tobaccoexecutivesprovideanexample.Howyoumightwonderdothesepeoplecopewiththeongoingbarrageofdatalinkingcigarettesmokingandnegativehealthoutcomes?Theycandenythatanyclearcausationbetweensmokingandcancer,forinstance,hasbeenestablished.Theycanbrainwashthemselvesbycontinuallyarticulatingthebenefitsoftobacco.Theycanacknowledgethenegativeconsequencesofsmoking,butrationalizethatpeoplearegoingtosmokeandthattobaccocompaniesmerelypromotefreedomofchoice.Theycanaccepttheresearchevidenceandbeginactivelyworkingtomakelessdangerouscigarettesoratleastreducetheiravailabilitytomorevulnerablegroups,suchasteenagers.Ortheycanquittheirjobbecausethedissonanceistoogreat.

Noindividual,ofcourse,cancompletelyavoiddissonance.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong,butyou“fudge”thenumbersabiteveryyearandhopeyou’renotaudited.Oryoutellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.Sohowdopeoplecope?Festingerwouldproposethatthedesiretoreducedissonancedependsontheimportanceoftheelementscreatingitandthedegreeofinfluencetheindividualbelieveshehasovertheelements;individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.Athirdfactoristherewardsofdissonance;highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonancebecausetheyallowustoeasilyrationalizeit.

1.ThepurposeofmentioningtheTVprogramspeoplewatchinthefirstparagraphistoshow（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingcasescanillustrate“dissonance”？

3.PeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehaviorbydoingmanythingsEXCEPTby（）.

4.Theauthorwantstotellus（）bygivingtheexampleoftobaccoexecutives.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.thatpeopleholddifferentattitudestowarddifferentTVprograms

B.thatpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehaviors

C.thatpeople’sbehaviorsdeterminetheirattitudes

D.thatthereexistsareversiblerelationshipbetweenpeople’sattitudesandtheirbehaviors

问题2选项

A.Employeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistastefi.il.

B.AyoungmanlikeJapanesecars,buthisfatherbuyshimaUScar.

C.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong.

D.Youtellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.

问题3选项

A.alteringtheirattitudes

B.alteringtheirbehavior

C.developingtherationaldiscrepancy

D.rationalizingthediscrepancy

问题4选项

A.whysomanypeoplequittheirjobs

B.howpeoplereducethedissonance

C.howpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehavior

D.whypeople’sattitudesareinconsistentwiththeirbehavior

问题5选项

A.Highrewardsdecreasepeople’sdesiretoreducethedissonance.

B.Highrewardspromptpeopletoreducethedissonance.

C.Ifpeoplebelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol,thedissonancecanbeavoided.

D.Peoplearelikelytogethigherrewards,iftheycanrationalizetheirbehavior

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.”，可知作者的提出的一个观点是人们的态度决定了他们的行为。所以可推断接下来的例子都是用来进一步证明这个观点。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.”，可知认知失调是指个体在两种或两种以上的态度之间或行为与态度之间所感知到的任何不一致。可推断dissonance涉及到不一致的问题。所以告诉孩子用牙线但自己却不用，就体现了这种认知的不一致。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句，“Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.”，可知他们会通过改变态度，或者改变行为，或者为这种差异找合理的解释来解决不一致的问题。所以C项“发展合理化的不一致”文章没有提及。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。文章第三段首先提到了人们解决不一致性问题的方法，下文举出了烟草公司高管的例子，可推断作者用实例来进一步说明人们减少不一致性的具体方法。选项B符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonance”，可知高回报伴随着高失调，减少不一致的内在张力。所以高回报是可以降低人们减少不一致的欲望。选项A符合题意。同时可排除B选项。根据文章最后一段，“individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.”，可知当态度或行为很重要，或者当他们认为这种不一致是由他们能够控制的事情造成时，个人会更有动力去减少这种不协调。可排除C选项。D选项提到如果人们能使自己的行为合理化，他们就有可能获得更高的回报，在文中并未提及。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

ThelegendaryislandofAtlantiswas（）bytheseaanddisappearedwithoutatrace.

问题1选项

A.emerged

B.disclosed

C.engulfed

D.whelmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项emerge“显现，浮现”；B选项disclose“公开，揭露”；C选项engulfed“吞没，席卷，卷入”；D选项whelmed“淹没，用……覆盖”，句意：传说中的亚特兰蒂斯岛被大海吞没，消失得无影无踪。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

16.单选题

Itishardformetosurviveinthepoliticalsnake（）.

问题1选项

A.hutch

B.hole

C.hive

D.pit

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项hutch“笼；小屋；贮藏箱；矿车”；B选项hole“洞，孔；洞穴，穴；突破口”；C选项hive“蜂巢，蜂箱；蜂群；（喻）充满繁忙人群的场所”；D选项pit“矿井；深坑；陷阱；凹陷；正厅后排；正厅后排的观众”。snakepit“蛇坑”，用来形容恐怖的地方，混乱的局面。句意：对我来说，在混乱的政治局面里求生存很艰难。因此D选项正确。

17.单选题

Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswer（）withtherealityoftheirworld.

问题1选项

A.relevant

B.simultaneous

C.consistent

D.practical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项relevant表示“相关的；中肯的”，常与介词to搭配，B选项simultaneous表示“同时的，同时发生的”，C选项consistent表示“一致的；连续的”，常与介词with搭配，D选项practical表示“实际的；实践的”。由题干信息可知，原文空缺处单词需与with构成搭配，表示“与……一致”，因此，本题最佳选项为C选项。句意：你必须坚持要求学生的真实回答要与他们的现实世界一致。

18.单选题

Manypeoplewerehomelessinthe（）oftheearthquake.

问题1选项

A.aftermath

B.premonition

C.omen

D.presentiment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aftermath“后果；余波”；B选项premonition“预感”；C选项omen“预兆，征兆”；D选项presentiment“预感”。句意：地震的后果就是许多人无家可归。因此A项符合题意。

19.单选题

Hisofficeiswithin（

）fromthepostoffice.

问题1选项

A.astone’sthrow

B.athrowofastone

C.stone’sthrow

D.thestone’sthrow

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他的办公室与该邮局的距离在一步之遥内。

固定搭配。astone'sthrow—步之遥

20.单选题

Themeaningofthispoemisvery（）;Ireallydonotunderstandit.

问题1选项

A.imprecise

B.illegible

C.obscure

D.dull

【答案】C

【解析】imprecise不精确，不确切；illegible难以辨认的，字迹模糊的；obscure晦涩难懂的；dull乏味的。根据下句：我无法理解它，说明这首诗的意义是晦涩难懂的，所以选项C符合语境。试题答案

21.单选题

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theword“divergent“inline1inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofqualitativevariable?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

问题1选项

A.Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.Applicationofinferentialstatistics

C.Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.Howtousethedescriptivestatistics

问题2选项

A.different

B.distributed

C.recorded

D.prominent

问题3选项

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway

问题4选项

A.Gender

B.Height

C.Collegemajor

D.Typeofpersonalities

问题5选项

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

C.Todetectdifferencesnotobservableinthewholepopulation

D.Tocompilemoreaccuratedata

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻译为：统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。A选项“描述统计和推理统计的缺点”不符合题意。B选项“推理统计学的应用”，推理统计学只是统计学的一类，不符合题意。选项D“使用描述性统计学”跟选项B类似，描述性统计学也只是统计学的一类。因此C选项“统计学的发展和使用”正确。

2.形容词词义辨析题。由题干关键字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段，第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻译为：统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。可知A选项“different”（不同的）正确。B选项“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C选项“recorded”（记录的）排除。D选项“prominent”（著名的）排除。

3.作者意图题。由题干关键字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.”，中文翻译为：统计学有一个“母亲”，她致力于井井有条地记录政府机构的文件（国家和统计学这两个词源于同一个拉丁语词根，status），还有一个有绅士般的赌博“父亲”，他依靠数学来提高技巧，以便在几率的游戏中获胜。由中文大意得知，选项D“Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.”以幽默易懂的方式介绍统计学的背景符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由题干关键字“qualitativevariables”可以定位到原文第二段中“thedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.”中文翻译为：数据可能代表定性变量，如性别、大学专业或性格类型。可以得知B选项“height”没有提及，所以B选项正确。选项A“Gender”（性别），选项C“Collegemajor”（大学专业），选项D“Typeofpersonalities”（性格类型）。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.”，中文翻译为：推理统计学的目的就是通过了解一个群体中一部分样本的特征来预测或估计该群体的特征。则B选项“预测整个人口的特征”正确。

22.单选题

ItissomildandmoistasIsaunteralongbythewalleastoftheHillthatIremember,oranticipate,oneofthosewarm（1）inthespring,whentheearthisjustlaidbare,thewindissouth,andthecladonialichensare

（2）

andlustywithmoisture,yourfootsinkingintothemandpressingthewateroutasfromasponge,andthe

（3）

placesalsoaredrinkingitin.Y