考研考博-英语-厦门海洋职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门海洋职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

I（

）myeyesroundtheroombutsawnothingunusual.

问题1选项

A.jerked

B.flung

C.tossed

D.cast

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项jerk“猛拉”；B选项flung“猛推”；C选项toss“抛，投”；D选项cast“投掷”。castone’seyes为固定搭配，意为“扫视”。句意：我环视了房间的四周，但没有发现什么异常。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

VI.LitigationProcedure

Methodsofservingprocessincivilcaseshavebothevolvedanderoded.InmedievalEngland,arrestofthedefendantwascommonattheoutsetofcivilactionsatlaw.Althougharrestcertainlyprovidednotice,itsprimarypurposewastoaccomplishthecourt’sassertionofphysicalpoweroverthedefendant.Eventually,arrestatthecommencementofacivilactionwasdeferred.Arrestwasthenreplacedwithsubjectiontothecourt’spowerbypersonaldeliveryofprocess,whichservedasthefoundationforonemodernservicemethodwhereaUnitedStatesMarshalpersonallyhandsthesummonstoadefendant.

Theideathatonlyagovernmentalofficer,suchasaUnitedStatesMarshalordeputy,couldbetheserverwaseventuallyabandonedinfavorofallowingtheservertobeanypersonthatisatleasteighteenyearsoldandnotapartytothelawsuit.Eventherequirementthatadefendantpersonallyreceivethesummonswasdilutedbytheadditionofanalternativemethodallowingasummonsandcomplainttobeleftatthedefendant’s“dwellingorusualplaceofabodewithsomeoneofsuitableageanddiscretionwhoresidesthere.”

Fromtherecipient’sperspective,thesummoningcourt’sassertionofpowerhasgraduallywornaway.Asoneexpertinthefieldaptlydescribed:“TheawesomeimpactofthesheriffarrivinginarmorandonhorsebacktodeliverawritinmedievalEnglandandtheauthorityofthesovereignsealedinthehot,redwaxofearliertimeshasbeenreplacedbyablandmanilaenvelopecarryingapostagestampthatmaycelebratenotionsofloveorpoetry.”

Althoughmostmodernservicemethodsarewelcomeimprovementstothoseofearlieryears(i.e.,notneedingtoarrestalldefendantsineverycivilaction),thisArticlearguestheservicemethodauthorizedbyRule7004(b)(1)oftheFederalRulesofBankruptcyProcedureviolatesadefendant’sdueprocessrightsundertheFifthAmendment.Rule7004(b)(1)allowsasummonsandcomplainttobeservedby“firstclassmailpostageprepaid...totheindividual’sdwellinghouseorusualplaceofabodeortotheplacewheretheindividualregularlyconductsabusinessorprofession.”Thereisnoacknowledgementofreceipt,nocertifiedmailing,andnowaiverdocumentthatmustbesignedandreturned.Otherthanthedefendant’sresponse,ifany,thereisnowaytoknowwhetherthedefendantreceivedthesummonsandcomplaint.

71.ThedefendantinacivilcaseintheUnitedStateshadbeennotifiedaboutthecaseinthefollowingwayBUT___.

72.Thelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeansthat___.

73.AccordingtoRule7004(b)(1),adefendantinabankruptcycaseisservedby___.

74.TheproblemoftheRule7004(b)(1)forservingasummonsisthefollowing,except___.

问题1选项

A.personaldeliveryofthesummonsbyUSMarshal

B.personaldeliveryofthesummonsbyanyoneabove18notapartytothelawsuit

C.summonsandcomplaintbeleftatthedefendant’sdwelling

D.arrested

问题2选项

A.summoningprocessisthecourt’sassertionofpower

B.deliveryofasummonsisnolongerasseriousasbefore

C.thereshouldbeaspecialformofsummoning

D.asummonsmaybesentwithablandmanilaenvelopetogetherwithaloveletter

问题3选项

A.registeredmail

B.personaldelivery

C.firstclassmail

D.firstclassmailpostagetobepaid

问题4选项

A.Thedefendantisnotnotified

B.Thereisnoacknowledgementofreceipt

C.Nowaiverdocumentthatmustbesignedandreturned

D.Nowaytoknowwhetherthedefendantreceivedthesummonsandcomplaint

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】71.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段InmedievalEngland,arrestofthedefendantwascommonattheoutsetofcivilactionsatlaw.Althougharrestcertainlyprovidednotice,itsprimarypurposewastoaccomplishthecourt’sassertionofphysicalpoweroverthedefendant.（在中世纪的英国，逮捕被告在民事诉讼开始时是很常见的。虽然逮捕确实提供了通知，但其主要目的是实现法院对被告人的实际权力的主张）可知逮捕是在中世纪的英国而不是美国，D选项“逮捕”符合题意；第二段Theideathatonlyagovernmentalofficer,suchasaUnitedStatesMarshalordeputy,couldbetheserverwaseventuallyabandonedinfavorofallowingtheservertobeanypersonthatisatleasteighteenyearsoldandnotapartytothelawsuit.（认为只有政府官员，比如美国法警或副警长才能成为传送者的想法最终被放弃，转而允许传送者是任何年满18岁的人，且不是诉讼的一方）可知A选项“美国法警亲自交付传票”和B选项“18岁以上的非诉讼方的个人送达传票”符合美国民事案件中传送法院传票的方法，排除；第二段Eventherequirementthatadefendantpersonallyreceivethesummonswasdilutedbytheadditionofanalternativemethodallowingasummonsandcomplainttobeleftatthedefendant’s“dwellingorusualplaceofabodewithsomeoneofsuitableageanddiscretionwhoresidesthere.”（甚至要求被告亲自收到传票的要求也因增加了另一种方法而被淡化了，这种方法允许将传票和申诉留在被告的“由具有适当年龄和自由裁量权的人居住在那里的住所或通常居住的地方”）可知C选项“传票和申诉留在被告住所”符合美国民事案件中传送法院传票的方法，排除。因此D选项符合题意。

72.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段最后一句“TheawesomeimpactofthesheriffarrivinginarmorandonhorsebacktodeliverawritinmedievalEnglandandtheauthorityofthesovereignsealedinthehot,redwaxofearliertimeshasbeenreplacedbyablandmanilaenvelopecarryingapostagestampthatmaycelebratenotionsofloveorpoetry.”（“在中世纪的英格兰，警长身穿盔甲骑马前来递交令状，君主的权威在炎热的天气里被封印，这种可怕的影响，早期的红蜡已经被一个平淡的马尼拉信封所取代，信封上贴着邮票，可以庆祝爱情或诗歌的概念。”）结合第三段第一句Fromtherecipient’sperspective,thesummoningcourt’sassertionofpowerhasgraduallywornaway.（从接受者的角度看，传唤法院的权力主张已逐渐消磨殆尽）可知现在的法院传票已经不像以前一样有仪式感和严肃感，选B选项“传票的送达不再像以前那样严肃”，D选项“传票可以和一封情书连同一个乏味的牛皮纸信封一起寄出”明显不符合原文，排除；A选项“传唤程序是法院对权力的主张”和C选项“应该有一种特殊的召唤形式”第三段未涉及，第三段只是在描述法院传票不再像以前那样严肃，没有提出其他建议。因此B选项符合题意。

73.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“Rule7004(b)(1)”定位到原文第三段Rule7004(b)(1)allowsasummonsandcomplainttobeservedby“firstclassmailpostageprepaid...”（规则7004（b）（1）允许传票和申诉通过“预付一等邮资的邮件……”）可知选D选项“第一类邮件的邮资预付”；A选项“挂号邮件”，B选项“个人支付”和C选项“第一类邮件”不符合原文。因此D选项正确。

74.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“Rule7004(b)(1)”定位到原文第三段Thereisnoacknowledgementofreceipt,nocertifiedmailing,andnowaiverdocumentthatmustbesignedandreturned.Otherthanthedefendant’sresponse,ifany,thereisnowaytoknowwhetherthedefendantreceivedthesummonsandcomplaint.（没有回执，没有挂号信，无需签署并返还的弃权文件。除了被告的答复（如果有的话），没有办法知道被告是否收到传票和申诉）可知A选项“被告未被通知”并不是关于送达传票的第7004(b)(1)条规则的问题；B选项“没有回执”，C选项“没有必须签署和返还的放弃文件”以及D选项“无法得知被告是否收到传票和投诉”和原文相符。因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

HeexpectedtheHousetopassthebillbyacomfortable（

）.

问题1选项

A.maple

B.marble

C.marsh

D.margin

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。maple枫树；marble大理石；marsh沼泽；均不符合句意。margin指（在时间或票数上领先的）幅度,差额,差数。句意:他希望众议院能以轻松的优势通过这项法案。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Superficialdifferencesbetweenthespecialproblemsandtechniquesofthephysicalsciencesandthoseofthebiologicalsciencesaresometimescitedasevidenceforthe（）ofbiologyandfortheclaimthatthemethodsofphysicsarethereforenotadequatetobiologicalinquiry.

问题1选项

A.autonomy

B.vitality

C.purposefulness

D.obsolescence

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。句意：自然科学和生物科学的特殊问题和技术之间的表面差异有时会被用来证明生物学的（），并且用来说明自然科学的方法对生物科学的探究是不够的。

autonomy自治，自治权；vitality活力，生气，生命力；purposefulness目的性；意志坚强；obsolescence退化，荒废。A选项表示将两门学科之间的一些浅显区别用于证明生物学是独立的，符合题意。

5.单选题

Thosewhoanticipatepricechangescorrectlycanoftengainfinanciallyfromtheirforesight.

问题1选项

A.forecast

B.vision

C.estimate

D.talent

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.forecast预测，预报B.vision眼力，远见卓识

C.estimate（对数量、成本等的）估计，估价D.talent天资，天赋

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】foresight的意思为“深谋远虑，先见之明”，指的是有先见之明的人可以正确预测价格变化，因此就可以获得可观的经济收益，强调对事物发展的洞察力，vision与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】那些正确预测价格变化的人往往能从他们的远见中获得经济利益。

6.单选题

Prof.Flynnfoundnostudentsinthelecturehallwhenhearrived.Onlythendidherealizethathecame（

）early.

问题1选项

A.toomuch

B.muchtoo

C.somuch

D.muchso

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。Toomuch“太多”，为形容词短语，修饰名词；muchtoo“太······，非常······”，为副词短语，修饰形容词或者副词；somuch“这么”，副词短语，放在动词后修饰动词，或者作形容词短语修饰名词；mushso这个短语不存在。句意：Flynn教授到达阶梯教室时没有看见一个学生。直到那时他才意识到他来得太早了。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyservedtorepresswomen’svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningof17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgenderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchieandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.Accordingly,awoman’ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarch,andofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen’sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewishness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.

Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.DuringtheElizabethanera(1558——1603)theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.Inthe17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities—mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames’consort)andheroftenop-positionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen’slives.Also,representationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstructofwomen’snatureandrole.

Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentintheProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian’simmediaterelationshipwithGodandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul’sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife’ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality:“ThereisneitherJewnorGreek,thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:foryearealloneinJesusChrist.”SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.

Thereisalsothegaporslippagebetweenideologyandcommonexperience.Englishwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexercisedagooddealofactualpower;asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands’absencesatcourtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmissions;asmembersofguilds;aswivesandmotherswhosometimesdominatedtheirmenbysheerforceofpersonalityoroutrightdefiance.TheirpowerreacheditsapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum(1640—60)astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles—aspreachers,asprophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersofreligiousandpoliticaltracts.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.WhatdidtheQueenElizabethdoforthewomeninculture?

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasareasontoenablewomentooriginaltexts?

4.Whatdidthereligiondoforthewomen?

5.Whatdoestheword“apex”meaninthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Women’sPositioninthe17thCentury.

B.Women’sSubjectiontoPatriarchy.

C.SocialCircumstancesinthe17thCentury.

D.Women’sObjectioninthe17thCentury.

问题2选项

A.Shesetanimpressivefemaleexampletofollow.

B.Shedominatedtheculture.

C.Shedidlittle.

D.Sheallowedwomentotranslatesomething.

问题3选项

A.Femalecommunitiesprovidedsomecounterweighttopatriarchy.

B.QueenAnne’spoliticalactivities.

C.Mostwomenhadagoodeducation.

D.QueenElizabeth’spoliticalactivities.

问题4选项

A.Itdidnothing.

B.Ittooaskedwomentobeobedientexceptsometexts.

C.Itsupportedwomen.

D.ItappealedtotheGod.

问题5选项

A.thelowestpoint

B.theend

C.ultimate

D.summit

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段主要是讲17世纪初，英国的社会环境主要是压制妇女的声音；第二段主要讲述17世纪，一些社会和文化条件赋予妇女权力；第三段讲述整个17世纪，英国女性行使了大量实际权力，并在中期达到顶峰。所以本文主要是论述17世纪英国妇女的地位。选项A正确。

2.根据第二段的第二句“DuringtheElizabethaneratheculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.”伊丽莎白时代的文化由一个强大的女王统治，尽管她为其他女性没有留下多少文化空间，但她本人却树立了一个令人印象深刻的女性榜样。由此推断，选项C符合原文。。

3.根据第二段后半部分的内容“Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities...,theseparatecourtofQueenAnneandheroftenop-positionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation”只有选项D没有提及。

4.根据第三段的第二句“Thereisplentyofsupport...,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality...”，在《圣保罗书信集》和《圣经》的其他地方都有很多支持父权制，认为妻子应该对丈夫的服从，但是一些文本(尤其是迦3:28章节)却记录了一种完全不同的政治，提倡妇女的精神平等。所以选项B符合原文。

5.根据下文“TheirpowerreacheditsapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnumastheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles”当时国王被处决，随之而来的社会等级制度被打破，导致许多女性获得了新的角色。由此推断，女性权力在英国内战和过渡期达到了顶峰，选项D正确。thelowestpoint指最低点；theend指终点；ultimate指终极的。

8.单选题

IfI______forajob,I______theadvertisementcolumnseverymorning.

问题1选项

A.waslooking...hadread

B.werelooking...couldread

C.looked…shouldhadread

D.werelooking...wouldread

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句子中的关键词everymorning“每天早上”可知，本句考查的是对现在事实相反的假设，if从句中动词用一般过去时，be动词用were，主句谓语动词为should/would/could+动词原形，所以A、C两项可以排除；根据语境可知，情态动词选择would最符合句意。句意：如果我在找工作，我会每天早上看广告栏。因此，该题选择D项正确。

9.单选题

Workersinthiscountryaregettinghigherwageswhileturningoutpoorproductsthatdonot______thetestofinternationalcompetition.

问题1选项

A.keepupwith

B.standupto

C.complywith

D.attendto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项keepupwith“赶得上”；B选项standupto“经得起；抵抗”；C选项complywith“遵守”；D选项attendto“照料；致力于”。句意：该国工人们拿着更高的工资，但他们生产的产品却不能______国际竞争的考验。根据语境，B选项standupto“经得起；抵抗”搭配test“考验”比较合理，意指产品质量低劣，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

SOMETHINGABOUTNAPLESjustseemsmadeforcomedy.Thenamealoneconjuresuppizza,andlovable,incorrigibleinnocentswarbling“OSoleMio”;anuttylittlecorneroftheworldwheretheidrunswildandtheonlyanswertothequestion“Why?”appearstobe“Whynot?”

Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.Neitherpassengernorbuswaseverseenagain.

Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?

ButNaplesactuallyisn’tsofunny.Italy’sthirdlargestcity,with1.1millionpeople,hasamuchdarkerside,wherechaosreigns:bagsnatchingandmugging,cloggedstreetsofstupefyingconfusion,wheretrafficmovestomysteriouslawsofitsownthroughmultipleintersectionswhosetrafficlightshaven’tfunctionedformonths,maybeyears—iftheyhavelightsatall.Packsofwilddogsroamthecity’smainpark.Nineteenpolicemenontheanti-narcoticssquadarearrestedforacceptingpayoffsfromtheCamorra,thelocalMafia.

TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.

Neapolitansknowtheirreputation.“Peoplethinknothingevergetsdonehere,”saidayoungprofessionalwoman.Sometimestheysay,“SurelyyoucomefromMilan.YoucomefromNaples?”

GiovannidelForno,aninsuranceexecutive,toldmeabouthisflighthomefromanorthernItaliancity,theplanewaitedonthetarmacforhalfanhourforagatetobecomeavailable.“AndIbegantohearthecommentsaroundme:“Well,hereweareinNaples,”hesaidwithawince.“Thesecommentsmakemesuffer.”

Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”

Thisisacityinwhichlivingonthebrinkofcollapseisnormal.Napleshassurvivedwars,revolutions,floods,earthquakes,anderuptionsofnearbyVesuvius.FirstawealthycolonyfoundedbytheGreeks(whocalleditNeapolis,or“newcity”),thenaflourishingRomanresort,itlivedthroughvariousincarnationsunderdynastiesofNormans,Swabians,Austrians,Spanish,andFrench,nottomentionagloriousperiodastheresplendentcapitaloftheKingdomoftheTwoSicilies.

Itwasabrilliant,cultivatedcitythatoncerankedwithLondonandParis.TheNunziatella,theoldestmilitaryschoolinItaly,stillbasksinitstwocenturiesofhistoricglory;theTeatroSanCarloremainsoneofthegreatestoperahousesintheworld.ThetreasuresofPompeiigracetheNationalMuseum.StretchedluxuriantlybetweenmountainsandseaalongthecurvingcoastoftheBayofNaples,fullofornatepalaces,gardens,churches,andworksofart,withitsmildclimateandrichfolklore,Naplesinthelastcenturywasbelovedbyartistsandwriters.Themostfamousresponsetothismagnificencewasthecommentbyanunknownadmirer,“SeeNaplesanddie.”

Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.ThebombardmentsofWorldWarIIwerefollowedbythedepredationsofprofiteersandpoliticians-for-rentwhoreducedthecitytoademoralizedshadowofitself,survivingongovernmenthandouts.Untilfiveyearsagocitygovernmentswerecobbledtogetherbywarringpoliticalfactions;somemayorslastedonlyafewmonths.Acholeraoutbreakin1973wasfollowedin1980byamajorearthquake.Itsfamousporthaswithered(thoughtheU.S.SixthFleetcommandisstillbasedjustupthecoast),industrieshavefailed,touristshavefled,nativeshavemovedout—itseemsthatonlydrugtraffickingisbooming.“Unlivable,”theNeapolitanssay,“Incomprehensible”,“Martyred”.

1.Thetwoexamplesinthesecondandthirdparagraphsintendtoshowthat______.

2.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheNortherners______.

3.TheauthorimpliesthatNeapolitans’affectionforthecity______.

4.Whentheauthorsays“Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations,”heactuallymeansthat______.

问题1选项

A.Napleshasahighincidenceoftrafficaccidents

B.anythingextraordinarycanhappeninNaples

C.peopletherelovetostorefoodforyears

D.everythingappearstobeonthewrongside

问题2选项

A.arecriticalofwhatNaplesrepresents

B.sympathizewithNeapolitans

C.sharemanythingswithNeapolitans

D.makeeveryefforttoshunNeapolitans

问题3选项

A.wasunrealistic

B.wentabittoofar

C.wasextraordinary

D.gaverisetoconcern

问题4选项

A.thecitycannowboastveryfewpoets

B.artistsandwritershaveleftforLondonandParis

C.thecityunderwentheavybombingduringtheWar

D.Thecity’spresentproblemsobscureditsgloriouspast

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“第二段和第三段中的两个例子旨在说明……”。第二段首句提到Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.（那不勒斯：意大利糟糕的城市，在那里甚至连真相都有一种奇怪的虚构色彩），接着第二段和第三段举出了两个例子：一个是Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.（一辆小汽车与一辆城市小型公共汽车追尾。公共汽车司机下车去调查。当他站在那里说话时，他唯一的乘客拿起方向盘开走了）；另外一个是Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?（在中央邮局忙碌的午餐时间，天花板上的一条裂缝裂开了，邮政工人被一大堆过期的羊角面包压得喘不过气来。当清洁工把装着发霉的早餐面包卷的垃圾袋拖走时，问题来了：是谁？为什么？那上面还可能有什么？），从这两个例子可以推知，那不勒斯这个城市的糟糕的状况，故D项“一切似乎都是错位的”符合题意；A项“那不勒斯的交通事故发生率很高”和C项“那里的人们喜欢把食物储存多年”只是例子；B项“在那不勒斯，任何不寻常的事情都可能发生”表示不够准确，这些事情并不是不寻常的，而是糟糕的。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以得出结论，北方人……”。根据文章的第五段TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.（对许多意大利人来说，尤其是那些生活在富裕、工业化的北方的意大利人来说，这一切都不足为奇。对他们来说，那不勒斯意味着政治上的腐败，浪费的联邦补贴，猖獗的有组织犯罪，可怕的大家庭，以及狡诈、懒惰的人们，他们宁愿做一些阴暗的事情也不愿做诚实的工作。）可知，北方的意大利人对那不勒斯是批判的态度，A项“对那不勒斯所代表的东西持批评态度”正确；由此也可知B项“同情那不勒斯人”和C项“和那不勒斯人有很多共同点”不正确；D项“尽量避开那不勒斯人”，文章在此处主要是表达意大利的北方人对那不勒斯的批判，并不能推断出他们想尽量避开那不勒斯人。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者暗示那不勒斯人对城市的感情……”。根据文章的第八段Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”（那不勒斯人可能会抱怨，但大多数人无法想象住在其他地方。这个城市有一个大家庭的亲密、紧张和疯狂，但却有着强烈的奉献精神。这里的人和纽约人一样，有一种偏执的自豪感。他们爱那些即使坏了的食物，他们喜欢做那不勒斯人。他们知道外人不懂，他们不在乎。一个女人说：“即使你走了，你仍然是这座城市的囚犯。我的城市有很多问题，但离开它我感觉很糟糕。”）可以推断出，在此处作者暗示那不勒斯人对他们城市的感情是特别的，是非凡的，C项“是非凡的”正确；由此也可知，A项“是不现实的”和D项“引起关注”不正确；B项“有点太过了”是干扰项，根据该段那不勒斯人对自己城市的描述可以知道这种情感并不显得很夸张。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“当作者说‘如今，那些评价就没有那么有诗意了’时，他实际上的意思是……”。文章倒数第二段讲述了那不勒斯这个城市过去的辉煌和教养，接着最后一段第一句作者就说Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.（如今，那些评价就没有那么有诗意了），接着就讲到了那不勒斯屡屡遭受灾难和不堪的现状，由此可以推知，作者说这一句话的意思是那不勒斯如今的问题已经使得过去的辉煌暗淡模糊，D项“这个城市目前的问题使它辉煌的过去痕迹模糊”正确；A项“这个城市现在可以夸耀的诗人很少了”，最后两段没有提到诗人；B项“艺术家和作家都去了伦敦和巴黎”没有提到；C项“这座城市在战争期间遭受了猛烈的轰炸”这只是那不勒斯如今的问题使得过去的辉煌痕迹模糊的原因之一。因此，该题选择D项正确。

11.单选题

IfthereisonethinginterpretersworkingfortheEuropeanUniondread,itisattemptsathumour.Itisnotjustthatjokesarehardtotranslate;becauseofthetimeneededforinterpretation,theycanpromptlaughteratthewrongmoment.Aspeakeroncebeganwithananecdote,andthenmournedadeadcolleague—tobemetbyagaleofgiggles,aslistenersgothisjoke.

Thetime-lagshavegrownworsewiththeexpansionoftheEU,tomakeatotalof25countries.FindinginterpreterswhocantranslatedirectlyfromEstoniantoPortugueseiswell-nighimpossible.Sonowspeechesaretranslatedinrelays,firstintoEnglishandthenintoathirdlanguage.Ifonlyeverybodywouldagreetospeakoneortwoofficialtongues,itwouldbeeasier.Orwouldit?Infact,misunderstandingscanaboundevenwhenallpartiesspeakfluentEnglishorFrench.Culturaldifferencesmeanthataliteralunderstandingofwhatsomeonesaysisoftenaworldawayfromrealunderstanding.Forexample,howmanynon-Britscoulddecodetheirony(andliteraryallusion)whichliesbehindtheexpression“uptoapoint”,whichisusedtomean“no,notintheslightest”?

TheproblemisnowsowidelyrecognizedthatinformalguidestowhattheFrenchortheEnglishreallymean,whentheyarespeakingtheirmothertongues,havebeendrawnupbyothernationalities.

OnehaswrittenfortheDutch,tryingtodobusinesswithBritish.AnotherwaswrittenbyBritishdiplomats,asaguidetothelanguageusedbytheirFrenchcounterparts.ThefactthattheDutch—soeerilyfluentinEnglish—shouldneedaguidetoBrit-speakisparticularlystriking.Buttheproblem—tojudgebytheguide,whichwasspottedonanofficewallintheEuropeanCourtofJustice—isthatBritsmaketheirpointsinanindirectmannerthattheplain-speakingNederlandersfindbaffling.

Hencetheguide’swarningthatwhenaBritonsays“Ihearwhatyousay”,theforeignlistenermayunderstand:“Heacceptsmypointofview.”Infact,theBritishspeakermeans:“IdisagreeandIdonotwanttodiscussitanyfurther.”Similarlythephrase“withthegreatestrespect”whenusedbyanEnglishmanisrecognizabletoacompatriotasanicyput-down,correctlytranslatedbytheguideasmeaning“Ithinkyouarewrong,orafool.”

TheBritish,theFrenchandtheDutchareoldsparringpartnerswhoknoweachother’slittleways.Sothecapacityformisunderstandingisamplifiedwhennationalitiesthatarelessfamiliarwitheachothercomeintocontact.Oftentheproblemsarelesstodowiththemeaningofwordsthantheirunexpectedimpactonanaudience.TaketheEuropeansummitlastDecember,whenitfelltoSilvioBerlusconi,theItalianprimeminister,totrytowrapupsensitivenegotiationsoveraproposedconstitutionfortheEuropeanUnion.

WhenEUleadersfiledintolunch,theywerebracedfortoughnegotiation;sotheywerestartledwhenMr.Berlusconisuggestedthattheydiscuss“footballandwomen”—andthatGerhardSchroder,theGermanchancellor,shouldleadthediscuss,ashehasbeenmarriedfourtimes.SomeEuropeandiplomatsconcludethatMr.BerlusconimusthavebeendeliberatelybatingMr.Schroder.ButwhentheItalianleaderwasquestionedabouthischairmanshipatapressconference,hegrewhotunderthecollar,pointingoutthathewouldhardlyhavebecomeabillionaireunlesshewerefullycapableofchairingameeting.AndindeedhisdefenderssaythatinItalianbusinesscirclesitcanbeperfectlynormaltosetajocularandrelaxedtonebeforeadifficultmeeting,bydiscussinglastnight’sfoot