考研考博-英语-南京视觉艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京视觉艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Becauseofthe___ofitsideas,thebookwasinwidecirculationbothathomeandabroad.

问题1选项

A.originality

B.subjectivity

C.generality

D.ambiguity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项originality“创意；独创性，创造力；原始；新奇”；B选项subjectivity“主观性，主观”；C选项generality“概论；普遍性；大部分”；D选项ambiguity“含糊；不明确；暧昧；模棱两可的话”。句意：由于其思想的___，这本书在国内外广泛流传。本句表达“思想的独特性”，因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

TherighttopursuehappinessispromisedtoAmericansbytheUSConstitution,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayhappinessran.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.JonathanSwiftconceivedofhappinessas“thestateofbeingwell-deceived,”orofbeing“afoolamongidiots,”forSwiftsawsocietyasalandoffalsegoals.

Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffalsegoals.Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.

AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericanbusinessarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyone'sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.

Lookatanyofthemagazinesthatcatertowomen.Thereadvertisingbeginsasartandslogansinthefrontpagesandendsaspillsandtherapyinthebackpages.Theartatthefrontillustratesthedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.This,theperfumedbreathshemustbreatheout.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.Thisisthecreamthatrestoresskin,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfataroundthethighs,andthesearethepillsofperpetualyouth.

Obviouslynoreasonablepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchartorbysuchpillsanddevices.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythisdreamandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatisittheyaretryingtobuy?

Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasachievingsuperiorityoverothers,livinginamansionmadeofmarble,havingawardrobewithhundredsofoutfits,willdotosetthegreedyextreme.

Fromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassagewemayinferthat（）.

In“advertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem”(Line2,Para.3),“them”refersto（）.

Intheauthor’sview,buyingthingsisregardedas（）.

Itisimpliedbytheauthorthatthemagazinesare（）.

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

问题1选项

A.theUSConstitutiongivespeopletherighttopursuehappiness

B.Americanpeopleareatalossashowtogainhappiness

C.JonathanSwiftdidnotbelieveinhappinessitself

D.Americanpeopletendtobuytheirhappiness

问题2选项

A.people’sdesires

B.advertisements

C.varioussensesofhappiness

D.theforcesofAmericanbusiness

问题3选项

A.apatrioticduty

B.supportingthenationaleconomy

C.somethingaddictingustogreed

D.beingtakeninbyadvertising

问题4选项

A.sheerartandslogans

B.fulloflureanddeception

C.veryusefulforprofessionalwomen

D.useless,likecream,tabletsandpills

问题5选项

A.Thepursuitofhappiness

B.Therighttopursuehappiness

C.ThefalsegoalsofAmericanpeople

D.Themisguidingforceofadvertising

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文前两段的内容可知，美国宪法赋予美国人民追求幸福的权利，但似乎谁也说不清幸福跑到哪里去了。JonathanSwift提出了虚假目标的说法，但这种说法不是美国式思维。然而，我们（美国人）似乎执迷于花钱买幸福的理念。由此可知，选项D符合原文。

2.语义推断题。根据题干关键信息定位到第三段句意“广告的存在不是为了满足欲望，而是为了创造欲望。”由此可知，这里的“them”指代的是前半部分提到的“desire”。所以选项A正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.这样一来，我们的整个经济就是建立在使我们沉迷于贪婪的基础上的。甚至有人告诉我们，通过购买东西来支持国家经济是我们的爱国义务。”由此可知，作者认为购物是使我们沉迷于贪婪的东西，所以选项C正确。

4.判断推理题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者提及，现在的杂志为了迎合女性的口味，开头的几页广告都是艺术和口号，到了结尾的几页就都变成了药丸和疗法。由此可知，作者认为杂志充满了诱惑和欺骗，选项B符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合原文内容可知，前两段作者提及美国人追寻不到幸福的方向，而且倾向于花钱买幸福；接着作者讲到了人们是如何花钱来购买幸福的案例；最后作者指出幸福很难定义，关键在于个人如何看待。由此可知，本文主要是围绕着追寻幸福这一话题展开，所以选项A正确。

3.单选题

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itisfertileandproductive.

B.Itissmallandunconventional.

C.Itiswelllocatedandcompletelyautomated.

D.Itisprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendly.

问题2选项

A.Theirwishtosetanewfarmingstandard.

B.Theirurgetomakefarmingmoreenjoyable.

C.Theirdesiretoimprovefarmingequipment.

D.Theirhopetorevitalizetraditionalfarming.

问题3选项

A.Itcauseshardlyanypollution.

B.Itloosenssoilwhileweeding.

C.Itsavesalotofelectricity.

D.Itneedslittlemaintenance.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

【解析】PassageOne

There’salotaboutLeoSanchezandhisfarminSalinas,Californiathatseemsunusual.[9]Thenationalaveragefarmsizeisaround440acres,buthisisonlyoneacre.Theaverageageoffarmershoversaround58yearsold,butheisjust26.AndSanchezconstantlyattemptstoimproveeverythingfromseedingtechniquesoutinthefieldtothepromotionandsaleofhisproduceonline.Thisisevidenceofanexperimentalapproach.[9]It’sanapproachnotdictatedbytheconfinesofconventional,large-scaleagricultureledbyinternationalcorporations.

Whilefarmingisoftendifficultforboththebodyandmind,[10]Sanchezsaysheandmanyofhisfellowyoungfarmersaremotivatedbyadesiretosetanewstandardforagriculture.Manyofthemareemployingamultitudeoftechnologies,somenewandsome...notsonew.Recently,[11]Sanchezboughtahand-operatedtoolwhichpullsoutweedsandloosenssoil.Itactuallydatesbacktoatleast1701.ItstandsinsharpcontrasttoSanchez’sothergadget:agas-poweredflameweed-killerinventedin1997.Hesimplydoesn’tdiscriminatewhenitcomestothenewnessoftools.Ifitworks,itworks.

Farmershavealonghistoryofinvention,andit’snodifferenttoday.Youngfarmersareguidedbytheirloveofagricultureandaidedbytheirknowledgeoftechnology.Tofindinexpensiveandappropriately-sizedtools,theycollaborateandinnovate.Sometimestheoldstuffjustworksbetter,ormoreefficiently.

9.WhatdowelearnaboutLeoSanchez’sfarm?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问关于利奥•桑切斯的农场的信息。录音提到，全国农场的平均面积约440英亩，但利奥•桑切斯的农场只有一英亩，由此可知他的农场规模很小。桑切斯不断尝试改进一切，其实验的方法不为传统农业所束缚，由此可知他的农场是非传统的。因此B选项“规模小，非传统”为正确答案。A选项“肥沃多产”和D选项“盈利且环保”在录音中没有提及。C选项“位置优越，完全自动化”，录音中提到桑切斯买了一个可以拔除杂草和松土的手动工具，由此可知并不是完全自动化的，因此C选项错误。

10.WhathasmotivatedLeoSanchezandhisfellowyoungfarmerstoengageinfarming?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问是什么激励利奥•桑切斯和他的伙伴们从事农业？录音提到，他和许多年轻的农民伙伴都是受一种为农业设立新标准的愿望所激励，因此A选项“他们希望树立新的农业标准”正确。B选项“他们想让农业变得更有乐趣的强烈愿望”；C选项“他们改善农业设备的愿望”以及D选项“他们希望振兴传统农业”均不正确。

11.WhydidLeoSanchezbuyahand-operatedweedingtool?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问利奥•桑切斯为什么要买一个手动除草工具？录音提到，桑切斯买了一个可以拔除杂草和松土的手动工具，因此B选项“除草时能松土”正确。A选项“几乎不会造成任何污染”；C选项“节省了大量电力”以及D选项“几乎不需要维护”在录音中均未提及。

4.单选题

Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou（

）youneed.

问题1选项

A.alltheinformation

B.alltheinformations

C.allofinformation

D.alloftheinformations

【答案】A

【解析】语法（不可数名词和冠词）题。information为不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除B选项和D选项。allof后面接的名词前一定要有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词修饰限定，且of可以省略，排除C选项，所以A选项正确。

5.单选题

Agenerationofe-mailing,followedbyanexplosionintexting,haspushedthetelephoneconversationintoseriousdecline,creatingnewtensionsbetweenbabyboomersandmillennial-thoseintheirteens,20sandearly30s.

Nearlyallagegroupsarespendinglesstimetalkingonthephone;boomersintheirmid-5Osandearly60saretheonlyonesstillyakkingastheydidwhenMaBellwasAmerica’scommunicationsqueen.Butthefallofthecallisdrivenby18-to-34-year-olds,whoseaveragemonthlyvoiceminuteshaveplungedfromabout1,200to900inthepasttwoyears,accordingtotheresearchbyNielsen.Textingamong18-to-24-year-oldshasmorethandoubledinthesameperiod,fromanaverageof600messagesamonthtwoyearsagotomorethan1,400textsamonth,accordingtoNielsen.

Youngpeoplesaytheyavoidvoicecallsbecausetheimmediacyofaphonecallstripsthemofthecontrolthattheyhaveoverthearguablyless-intimatepleasuresoftexting,e-mailing,orFacebooking.Theyevencomplainthatphonecallsarebytheirnatureimpolite,moreofaninterruptionthantheblipofanarrivingtext.Thebias,againstunexpectedphonecallsstemsingoodpartfromthewaytextingande-mailhaveconditionedyoungpeopletobecautiousabouthowtheycommunicatewhentheyarenotfacetoface,experts,say.

DeborahTannen,alinguisticsprofessoratGeorgetownUniversitywhostudieshowpeopleconverseineverydaylife,saidoldergenerationsmisinterpretthewayyoungerpeopleusetheircellphones.“Onestudenttoldmethatittakesherdaystocallherparentsbackandtheparentsthoughtshewasintentionallyputtingthemoff.”shesaid.“Buttheparentsdidn’tgetit.It’sthemedium.”

Thedifferenceincommunicationspreferenceshascreatedapalpableperceptiongapbetweenyoungadultsandtheirparents.JaneBeard,whocoachesbusinessleadersonpublicspeaking,saidthatwhenherniece,LindsaySpencer,20,“isinclassesattheUniversityofMaryland,I’llneverhearfromheruntilshecomesovertodothelaundry.Wetextmultipletimesaday.”

ButBeardisunderstandingaboutthechangeinwaysofconversing.Notallparentsarequitethatopentonewways.“Mymomgetsoffended,”saidMuggagaKintu,32,anadministrativeassistantatWalterReedArmyMedicalCenterwhopreferstextingorcallingonhisowntimewhenhe’snotaroundpatients.“ShethinksIdon’twanttohearfromher,andthat’snotthecase.OnedayshecalledmewhenIwasatwork,andItoldher,‘Insteadofcallingme,canyoutextme?’‘What?Youdon’tliketohearfromme?Youdon’tlikethesoundofmyvoice?’Shesaid.”

1.WhodrivesthedeclineoftelephoneconversationaccordingtotheresearchbyNielsen?

2.Whydotheyoungpeopleavoidphonecalls?

3.Whatdoexpertssayaboutyoungpeople’sbiasagainstunexpectedphonecalls?

4.AccordingtoDeborahTannen,theoldergenerationsshouldrecognizethat______.

5.WhatcanweconcludebasedontheexperiencesofJaneBeardandMuggagaKintu?

A.Thelesspopularityofphonecallsshouldarousetheyoung’sconcern.

B.Liveshavechangedfundamentallyduetothechangeofcommunication.

C.Answeringaphonecallcausesgreatpressureontheyoung.

D.Perceptiongapemergesduetodifferentcommunicationpreferences.

问题1选项

A.Babyboomers.

B.Millennials.

C.18-to-34-year-olds.

D.18-to-24-year-olds.

问题2选项

A.Theyfeeltheyaredeprivedofcontrol.

B.Theyfeelnotintimateenoughtohavephonecalls.

C.Theywanttomakeshorterconversations.

D.Theyfallvictimtotheneglectofphonecalls.

问题3选项

A.Itisbecausetheyareafraidthattheymaybeseenasrudeorintrusive.

B.Itrootsinthewaythate-mailsandtextsenablethemtomakemorecarefulresponses.

C.Theytendtomakeanappointmentbytextingbeforetheycall.

D.Theybecomelessaddictedtoface-to-facecommunication.

问题4选项

A.theirchildrenarejusttoobusytoreply

B.it’sthemediumthatmakesdifference

C.childrencomplainaboutthefrequentcalls

D.theyareintrudingtheirchildren’slives

问题5选项

A.theirchildrenarejusttoobusytoreply

B.it’sthemediumthatmakesdifference

C.childrencomplainaboutthefrequentcalls

D.theyareintrudingtheirchildren’slives

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第三句Butthefallofthecallisdrivenby18-to-34-year-olds,whoseaveragemonthlyvoiceminuteshaveplungedfromabout1,200to900inthepasttwoyears,accordingtotheresearchbyNielsen.（尼尔森公司的调查显示，18岁至34岁的年轻人是通话次数减少的主要原因，在过去两年中，他们每月平均通话时间从1200分钟下降到900分钟）。C选项“18到34岁的人群”，文章所说，18-34岁通话的人数减少，因此C选项正确。A选项“婴儿潮出生的一代人”，婴儿不能使用手机通话，因此A选项可排除。B选项“千禧之子”，文章只是说千禧一代的通话减少，但并不是主要原因。D选项“18到24岁的人群”，文章所说，这个时代的人，短信数量激增，因此也可排除D。因此正确答案为C选项。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第三段第一句Youngpeoplesaytheyavoidvoicecallsbecausetheimmediacyofaphonecallstripsthemofthecontrol（年轻人说，他们不喜欢打语音电话，因为电话的即时性使他们失去了控制权）。A选项“他们觉得自己被剥夺了控制权”，符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“他们觉得没有亲密到可以打电话”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“他们想要进行简短的对话”，他们认为打电话是一种打扰，并不是简短的对话，C选项可排除。D选项“他们成了忽视电话的受害者”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为A选项。

3.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Thebias,againstunexpectedphonecallsstemsingoodpartfromthewaytextingande-mailhaveconditionedyoungpeopletobecautiousabouthowtheycommunicatewhentheyarenotfacetoface,experts,say.（专家表示，这种对“意外来电”的偏见很大程度上源于短信和电子邮件的方式，这种方式使年轻人在非面对面交流时谨慎对待交流方式）。B选项“它的根源在于，电子邮件和短信使他们能够做出更谨慎的回应”，符合文章所说的内容，短信和电子邮件使年轻人有更谨慎的回应，因此B选项正确。A选项“这是因为他们害怕他们可能会被认为是粗鲁或侵犯”，A选项的情节过于严重，文章是说他们认为打电话是一种打扰，A选项可排除。C选项“他们倾向于在打电话之前先发短信预约”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“他们不太喜欢面对面的交流”，这并不是造成他们对打电话的偏见的主要原因，D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Onestudenttoldmethatittakesherdaystocallherparentsbackandtheparentsthoughtshewasintentionallyputtingthemoff.”shesaid.“Buttheparentsdidn’tgetit.It’sthemedium”.（“一个学生告诉我，她花了好几天时间给父母回电话，而父母认为她是故意拖延。”她说。“但家长们并不理解。它是媒介”）。B选项“这是不同的媒介”，父母和孩子对待打电话的观念不一样，孩子认为打电话属于一种媒介，父母却不理解，因此B选项正确。A选项“他们的孩子只是太忙了，没有时间回复”，文章并没有提到此内容，因此可排除A选项。C选项“孩子们抱怨频繁的电话”，文章没有提到孩子抱怨接电话，可排除。D选项“他们正在干涉孩子们的生活”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段第一句Thedifferenceincommunicationspreferenceshascreatedapalpableperceptiongapbetweenyoungadultsandtheirparents.（在沟通偏好上的差异已经在年轻人和他们的父母之间造成了一个明显的认知鸿沟）最后一段最后一句OnedayshecalledmewhenIwasatwork,andItoldher,‘Insteadofcallingme,canyoutextme?’‘What?Youdon’tliketohearfromme?Youdon’tlikethesoundofmyvoice?’Shesaid.”（有一天她在我工作的时候给我打电话，我告诉她，“你能不能别给我打电话，发个短信给我？”“什么？你不喜欢我的消息吗？你不喜欢我的声音吗？”她说）。可推测年轻人与父母沟通方式上产生着差异。D选项“由于沟通偏好的不同，产生了感知差距”，符合文章内容，D选项正确。A选项“电话越来越少应该引起年轻人的关注”，从这两位的话语，并不能体现这个内容，可排除A。B选项“通讯方式的改变从根本上改变了人们的生活”，文中只是说父母和年轻人的通讯方式不一样，并没有从根本上发生改变。B选项可排除。C选项“接电话对年轻人造成很大的压力”，年轻人只是不喜欢接电话，并不是说接电话会让他们产生较大的压力。因此正确答案为D选项。

6.单选题

Thisresearchhasattractedwide（

）coverageandhasbeenfeaturedonBBCtelevision’sTomorrow’sWorld.

问题1选项

A.message

B.information

C.media

D.data

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这项研究吸引了媒体的广泛报道,并在英国广播公司电视台的《明日世界》节目中进行了专题报道。选项中只有C选项符合句意。

7.单选题

（

）ofyoucouldbelostintheforestofbuildings.

问题1选项

A.Anyone

B.Anyboby

C.Anyone

D.One

【答案】C

【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意：你们中的任何一个人都有可能在森林前面的建筑那迷路。anyone和anybody不能与of连用，anyone可以和of连用，所以选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

TheTitanicturnedjustintimeandnarrowlymissedtobestruckbytheimmensewallofice

A

B

whichroseover100feetoutofthewaterbesideher.

C

D

问题1选项

A.just

B.tobestruck

C.rose

D.beside

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。missdoingsth.意为“避免做某事”，此处表示被动，因此用过去分词。

试题答案：B;beingstruck

9.单选题

Immediacyandthespeedofproductionthatgoeswithitmeanalsothatmuchofwhatappearsinanewspaperhasnomorethan______value.

问题1选项

A.transitional

B.sentimental

C.transient

D.inscrutable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项transitional“变迁的，过渡期的”，B项sentimental“伤感的，多愁善感的，感情用事的”，C项transient“短暂的，路过的”，D项inscrutable“神秘的，不可理解的，不能预测的”。根据Immediacyandthespeedofproductionthatgoeswithit“即时性以及随之而来的生产速度”可知，“短暂的”符合语境。句意：即时性和与之相伴随的生产速度也意味着，报纸上出现的很多东西只不过是短暂的价值。因此，该题选择C项正确。

10.单选题

Theseearlyclocks,operatedbyweights,werenotparticularlyaccurate,anditwasnotuntilthesixteenthcentury______.

问题1选项

A.anygreatreliabilityattainedit

B.thenattainedanygreatreliability

C.thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained

D.whenanygreatreliabilityattained

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。Itisnotuntil…that…“直到……才”，所以C选项“thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained”符合题意。句意：这些早期的钟通过砝码运行，并不是特别准确，直到16世纪才准确。其余选项不符合语法，故错误。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

TheBrownslivedina（

）andcomfortablyfurnishedhouseinthesuburbs.

问题1选项

A.confess

B.sufficient

C.wide

D.wretched

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布朗一家住在郊区宽敞而且设施齐全的房子里。Confess“忏悔”，动词；sufficient“足够的”；wide“宽敞的”；wretched“可怜的”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

问题1选项

A.exposure

B.disclosure

C.contact

D.connection

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。exposureto“暴露于”；disclosure“揭发”；contact“接触”；connection“联系”。句意：过多暴露在X射线下对皮肤有伤害，也可能导致癌症或者其他伤害。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Whenmywife,Meg,sufferedaseverestrokethatimmobilizedherleftside,Iknewwewouldbefacingagruelingodysseyinvolvingseveralhospitals,dozensofdoctorsandcountlesstherapysessions.WhatIwasn’tpreparedforwastheAmericanWayofManagedHealthCare,asystemthatisbureaucraticandoftendysfunctional.Yes,medicalpractitionersintheUnitedStatesaregenerallyconsideredamongthebestintheworld,andmywifeprimarilyhadfirst-ratecare,buttheirback-officepractice—abusinessdominatedbythird-partypayers—isbadlyrunatworstandwoefullyconfusingatbest.

Meg’sstrokeoccurredwhilewewerevacationinginthesouthofFrancelastsummer.Afterbeingstabilizedintheemergencyroomofasmallhospital,shewastransferredimmediatelytoalargeteachinghospital,whereshereceivedexcellenttreatmentinaworld-renownedstrokepavilion.WhenIreceivedthebillforher2—1/2-weekstayatthePasteurHospitalinNice,Iaskedthedeputyadministratorforanitemizedstatement.IknewI’dneedtoshowittoourhealth-insurancecompany—theoneinvoiceformorethan20,000eurowouldn’tdo.Theadministratorwaspuzzled.Therewereonlytwodailyrates,heexplained,oneforsoinsintensifs—orintensivecare—andanotherfornon-acutecare.Therewerenoextracharges;thenumerousambulancetransfers,MRIbrainscans,X-raysandassortedtestsassociatedwithanyseriousinjuryorillnesswereall-inclusive.Infact,theonlysupplementwas10.67Euros—about$13—adayforfoodwhich,althoughnotthree-starbistroquality,wascertainlyabargain,andbetterthananythingyoucaneatinaU.S.hospital.

I’mnotarguingthattheFrenchhealth-caresystemshouldbeaworldbenchmark,butcomparedwithwhatwefacedwhenwereturnedhome;itwasamodelofsimplicityandefficiency.Ofcourse,everythinginAmericanmedicalcareisalacarte,andtheinvoicesaresodensewithcodesandabbreviations,it’sawonderanyonecandecipherthem.Ioftenwonder,howmuchdoesthiscosttheAmericanpublicannually?

AtoneNewYorkhospital,wereceivedbillsfromdoctorswe’dneverheardof,includingonewhochargedforanofficevisitwhenMegcouldn’tevengetoutofbed.Themanagedcareprovider’scomputersenthimacheckwithoutquestion.Hadhenotbilledusfortheco-paymentIneverwouldhavenoticedtheerror.Overthepastfewmonths,Ispenthoursclearingupthesekindsofmistakes.Adoctorfriendwhoheadsadepartmentinalargehospitaladmittedthatthesekindsofcomplaintsarealltoocommon.

Meg’smedicaltabhasreachednearly$300,000,whichseemsmonumental,evengiventhenatureofhercatastrophicinjury.Thankfully,wewerecoveredformostofit.Yet$90,000ofthatfigurehadlittleornothingtodowithpatientcare.Roughly30centsofeachhealth-caredollargoestoadministration,ortheprocessingofpaperwork.Ifthatfigurecouldbereducedbyathird,even$30,000wouldgoalongwaytowardextendingherrehabtreatments.(Meg’s2004benefitshaverunout.)

WhenMegwasfinallydischargedafterspending56daysinhospitals,wereceivedco-paymentbillsforhermedicalequipment,includinganitemizedstatementforeveryextraonherwheelchair(no,thebrakeextensions,footpedals,armrest,anti-tipbars,seatandseatbeltarenotincluded).Buttheproviderbilledustwoways,oneforleasingthechairandanotherforpurchase.Evennow,afternumerousphonecalls,Istilldon’tknowwhetherweownorarerentingthewheelchair.

Theoutpatientrehabtherapysessionspresentedtheirownsetofchallenges.Thehospitalsentanumberofbills—printedinalphanumericcodes—foradditionalthousandsofdollarseventhoughwemadetheproperco-paymentsatthetimeoftreatment.BillingadministratorsbarelyraisedaneyebrowwhenItoldthemIhadspenttoomuchtimeonholdandwouldnolongerbothercallingtodisputethecharges.(Wehavesincereceivedautomatedearly-morningphonecallsaskingustocontactthehospital.)

I’vecheckedwithotherswhohavehadprotractednegotiationswithhealth-careprovidersandinsurersovercomplexmedicaltreatment.Theyechomyfrustration.Whyisitincumbentontherecipienttospendcountlesshoursrectifyingthemedicaladministration’smistakes?Howmuchextradoesthisprocessaddtothenation’sannualhealth-carebill?

Medicare—ourgovernment-subsidizedsystemthatcaresfortheelderly—hasamuchbetterrecordinadministrativecosts.Itspendsbetweenthreeandfourcentsofeverydollaronpaperworkandprocessing.Asingle-payersystemiseasierandcheapertorun.We’vehadatwo-tierhealth-caresystemintheUnitedStatesforawhile,andonlyonetierworks.Isn’tittimeformanagedcaretoslimdownandhelpitspatientsgetbetterinsteadofburdeningthemwithneedlesslyexpensivepaperwork?

1.“Odyssey”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingconcerningtheFrenchmedicalsystemisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

3.WhichofthefollowingconcerningAmericanhealth-caresystemisNOTtrue?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsAmericanhealth-caresystem?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.struggle

B.treatment

C.longjourney

D.time

问题2选项

A.Thehospitalprovidesgoodandcheapfood.

B.Thehospitalprovidesexcellenttreatmenttopatients.

C.Themanagementsystemissimpleandefficient.

D.Theonepageinvoiceisnotasclearasitemizedstatement.

问题3选项

A.Itiscomplex.

B.Itoftendoesnotwork.

C.Treatmentbillsarenotwithoutwork.

D.Onethirdoftheauthor’smoneywenttoadministration.

问题4选项

A.Angry

B.indifferent

C.Hopeful

D.Appreciative

问题5选项

A.complainaboutAmericanhealth-caresystem

B.appealforachangeinAmericanhealth-caresystem

C.criticizethesystemforitshighcostsinadministration

D.tellthereaderabouttheauthor’sexperiencesinthewholeprocess

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.语义推断题。根据关键词可定位到原文第一段的第一句，作者的妻子患上了中风，需要在几家医院，数十名医生之间辗转并接受无数次治疗，这对于他们来说是艰辛而又漫长的一个过程。接着作者在第二段第一句提及，他的妻子中风是去年夏天在法国度假的时候发生的，所以Odyssey指的是长途旅行，选项C正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“…shereceivedexcellenttreatmentinaworld-renownedstrokepavilion.她在世界著名的中风治疗馆受到了良好的治疗。”可知选项B正确；根据第二段后面部分的内容，作者拿着妻子住院的账单去向院长要更详细的说明用来向保险公司报销。但法国医院并不像美国医院那么复杂，所有价格都包含在内，没有额外的收费，除了每天10.67欧元的食物。由此可知，法国的医院管理系统既简单又高效，所以选项C正确；作者最后还说到医院的食物虽然不是三星级餐厅的品质，但很便宜，比美国医院吃的任何东西都好，所以选项A也符合原文。只有选项D是不正确的，并不是这个账单不够详细，而是法国的账单就是如此简单明了，涵盖了所有费用。

3.判断推理题。根据第五段的内容可知，作者妻子的医疗费用已经达到近30万美元，其中9万美元与病人护理几乎没有任何关系。这一比值应该是十分之三，而不是三分之一。而且原文中也提及“Roughly30centsofeachhealth-caredollargoestoadministration,ortheprocessingofpaperwork.每一美元的医疗费用中，大约有30美分用于行政管理或文书处理。”一美元等于100美分，所占比值为十分之三，所以选项D不正确。

4.观点态度题。结合全文内容可知，作者先是通过描写法国医院简单高效的管理系统将其和美国医院进行对比，接着通过自己的亲身事例表达了自己对美国医院的抱怨和不满，所以作者的态度是生气的，选项A正确。

5.作者意图题。根据全文内容可知，作者虽然是在讲述自己和妻子的亲身经历，抱怨美国的医疗体系，批评医疗体系复杂并且收费高，但作者不仅仅只是阐述事实，真正的目的是呼吁美国的医疗体系做出改变，所以选项B正确。

14.单选题

Everypossiblemeans（

）tried,butthereisnoresult.

问题1选项

A.havebeen

B.hasbeen

C.willbe

D.were

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法。主语为“everypossiblemeans”为单数，故谓语动词用单数。而且means与try之间为被动关系，故B项正确。句意：所有可行的办法都尝试了，但仍然没有用。

15.单选题

Lookingahead,hedecidedto（）hispresentjob.

问题1选项

A.stickto

B.stickup

C.stickwith

D.stickdown

【答案】A

【解析】句意:考虑得长远些，他决定坚持做目前的工作。

考查短语辨析。stickto坚持;stickup竖起;stickwith继续做…；stickdown把…写下来，放下。因此A项符合句意。

16.单选题

Eventhoughcultureswidelyassumethatboysarestrongerandsturdierthangirls,basicbiologicalweaknessesarebuiltintothemaleofourspecies.Firstofall,humanmalesseemtobeslowlydisappearing.MotherNaturehasalwaysacknowledgedandcompensatedforthefragilityandlossofboysbyarrangingformoreofthem:106malebirthsto100femalenewbornsoverthecourseofhumanhistory.Butinrecentdecades,fromtheUnitedStatestoJapan,fromCanadatonorthernEurope,whereverresearchershavelooked,therateofmalenewbornshasdeclined.ExaminingUSbirthrecordsfortheyearsbetween1970and1990,theyfound1.7fewerboysper1,000thanindecadesandcenturiespast;Japan'slossinthesamedecadeswas3.7boys.

Boysarealsomorethantwo-thirdsmorelikelythangirlstobebomprematurelybeforethe37thweekofpregnancy.And,despiteadvancesinpublichealth,boysinthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;incontrast,backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives.

Oncetheymakeittochildhood,boysfaceotherchallenges.Theyaremorepronetoarangeofneurologicaldisorders.Autism自闭症isnotoriouslyhigheramongboysthangirls:nownearlyfivetimesmorelikely,astalliedbytheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Theyaremoresusceptiblethangirlstodamagefromverylow-levelexposuretolead.Yetanotherproblem:boyssufferfromasthmaathigherrates.There'salsoastrongerlinkbetweenairpollutionandautisminboys.

Whydoboysfacesuchaburdenofphysicalchallenges?Theansweristhatthemale’sproblemsstartinthewomb:fromhismorecomplicatedfetaldevelopment,tohisgeneticmakeup,tohowhishormoneswork.Thenine-monthtransformationfromafewcellstoaninfantisatimeofgreatvulnerability.Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb.Inourspecies,thefemaleisthedefaultgender,thebasicsimplermodel:Humansstartoutinthewombwithfemalefeatures(thatiswhymaleshavenipples).Thecomplicatedtransformationinthewombfromfemaletomaleexposesthemaletoajourneypackedwithspecialperils.Whenthefirstblastoftestosterone睾酮fromtheYgenecomesalongatabouttheeighthweek,theunisexbrainhastomorphintoamalebrain,killingoffsomecellsinthecommunicationcentersandgrowingmorecellsinthesexandaggressioncenters.Thesimplerfemalereproductivesystemhastoturnintothem