考研考博-英语-中山大学南方学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中山大学南方学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher,thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspump.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Whatdothefirstexperimentsmentionedinparagraphoneprove?

3.Howdobotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants'?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

问题1选项

A.Whatistheeffectofatmospherepressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

问题2选项

A.Plantstemsdiewhendeprivedofwater

B.Cellsinplantstemsdonotpumpwater

C.Plantscannotmovewatertohighaltitudes

D.Plantcellsregulatepressurewithinstems

问题3选项

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

问题4选项

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘这篇文章回答了下列哪个问题?’根据第二段第一句中“IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?如果水不是被泵到高树的树顶，也不是被推到树顶，那么我们会问：它是怎样到达树顶的呢？”以及第二段第二句‘Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.’最近公认的内聚压力理论解答了“水移动到树顶端的原因。”确定C选项“水如何到达树的顶端”正确。

2.推理判断题。题目提问‘第一段中提到的第一个实验证明了什么?’根据第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但许多实验表明，在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中，水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确定B选项“植物的茎的细胞不能抽水”正确。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘植物学家是如何知道根压并不是推动植物水分流动的唯一力量的?’根据第一段中“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.但根压完全不足以将水推到树顶。此外，作为最高树木之一的针叶树，其根压也低得异乎寻常。”确定A选项“一些非常高的树木有微弱的压力”正确。

4.推理判断题。题目提问‘这篇文章支持下列哪个陈述?’根据第二段中“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.根据目前为人们所接受的内聚压力的理论，水是被拉到上面去的。”确定D选项“植物学家已经改变他们有关水在植物中移动的理论”正确；也由此知A选项“水是被推到树的顶端的”和C选项“大气压力把水吸到高大树木的顶端”不正确，排除；根据第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但许多实验表明，在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中，水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确定B选项“植物学家己经证明活细胞能充当泵”不正确。

2.单选题

Theappearanceoftheusedcaris（）,it’smuchnewerthanitreallyis.

问题1选项

A.descriptive

B.indicative

C.deceptive

D.impressive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项descriptive“描述的，叙述的”；B选项indicative“指示的，预示的”；C选项deceptive“欺骗性的”；D选项impressive“令人印象深刻的”，句意：这辆旧车的外观具有迷惑性，轿车比实际的样子新得多，所以选C。

3.单选题

Despiteatendencytobeovertly（

）,thepoetryoftheMiddleAgesoftensparkstheimaginationandprovideslivelyentertainment,aswellaspioussentiments.

问题1选项

A.diverting

B.whimsical

C.didactic

D.deceitful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。diverting有趣的，令人快乐的；whimsical古怪的，异想天开的；didactic说教的，教诲的；deceitful欺诈的。句意：尽管趋势是明显的说教，但是中世纪的诗歌经常激发人们想象力，提供生动的乐趣以及虔诚的感情。由despite及下文可知空格处所填的单词与后文意思相反。

4.单选题

Indigitalelectronics,signalsarebrokendownintothousands,maybemillions,（）,whichareencodedaszerosandones.

问题1选项

A.ofinformation

B.ofbitsofinformation

C.oflittleinformation

D.ofmuchinformation

【答案】B

【解析】考查单复数。information“信息，消息，资料；情报”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，也不能在前面加“a”。如果“一则消息”可以说apieceofinformation，“许多信息”是manypiecesofinformation。bitofinformation是固定搭配，指“信息单位，信息比特”，例句：Asitiscapableofholdingasinglebitofinformationatanyinstant.（因为它是一座能够容纳一个单一的信息比特，在任何瞬间。）句意：在数字电子学中，信号被分解成数千、甚至数百万个信息比特，这些比特被编码为0和1。故本题的正确答案是B选项。

5.单选题

Theyplanto（

）therun-downhouseinayear’stime.

问题1选项

A.revive

B.renovate

C.replace

D.remove

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。revive意为“复兴，复苏，重新使用”；renovate意为“翻新，修复，整修”；replace意为“替换”；remove意为“开除”。

句意：他们计划一年时间内修复这栋破旧的房子。

6.单选题

Americawillneveragainhaveasanationthespiritofadventureasit（）beforetheWestwassettled.

问题1选项

A.could

B.was

C.would

D.did

【答案】D

【解析】考查助动词替代。题干中的as作为连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像……一样”。根据平行结构原则，从句中应填入实义动词had，但主句中已有了一个have，为了避免重复，可用助动词did代替had，例如：StudyasLenindid(did用来代替studied)．像列宁那样学习。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

FinallythedirtroadinMainewasleadinghome.Thetiretouchedthefirstprofanityofpavement,andsubtlymyvacationbeganslippingaway.

BythefirstFinallythedirtroadinMainewasleadinghome.Thetiretouchedthefirstprofanityofpavement,tollboothmystateofmindhadshiftedfromneutraltofirstgear.BythetimeIhadpassedallmyfavoritelandmarks,thesigntoBiddeford,thebridgelabeledCatMousamRoad—Ihadslowlyandreluctantlybeguntorelocatemysenseofplace,mysenseofvalues.

Iwasgoingback,tolistsandalarmclocksandstockingsandschoollunchesandalltheexternalpressuresofthelifeknownascivilization.IwasgoingbacktothingsIhadtodo.

Thistimeeventheskiesdividedthesetwohalvesofmylife.AlongRoute95,acurtainofalmostimpenetrablerainseparatedoneworldfromtheother.Thedaybefore,thisrainontheroofofthehousewouldhavebeenacomfortingboundarytotheday,apredictionofreadingandfires.Now,therainonthewindshieldofthecarwasahassle,achallengetoovercome.

Iturneduptheradio,soIcouldhearthefinalinstallmentofJaneEyreoverthepeltingrain,andthoughtaboutthesedifferentrhythmsthatmarkmyownlife,markofourlives.LeftbehindwasaworldinwhichIsimplylivedaccordingtoitspatterns.AheadofmewastheworldofagendasandproblemsthatIwasexpectedtoencounterandresolve.

Wasitcountryversuscity?Leisureversuswork?Natureversushumanenvironment?Bothandneither.Vacationisastateofmindasmuchasastateofunion.

FortwoandhalfweeksinMainIwatchedthesky,thecove,thecormorantsandaseagullwiththegalltostealchickenoffourbarbecue.IamtoldthatIbecameanaccomplishedmudwatcher,sittingontheporch,watchingthebottomofthecoveoflowtideforhours.IpridedmyselfondevelopingahobbyrarelylistedinWho'sWho,Ibecameafinestick-in-the-mud.

Tome,anurbanwomanwholivesmuchofherlifeaccordingtootherpeople'sdeadlinesanddemands,thiswasachancetoliterallyvacatetheworldofschedulesandstruggles.

Ididnot,donot,usemyvacationtoclimbmountains,shootrapidsorfulfillitinerariesofsometravelagent.Ipreferredtodriftalongrayinclinationdownthroughthecircleofgoalstothemudofacceptance.

Iwascontentwiththeharmonywecalldoingnothing.Therewasasenseoflettinggotbeingateasewithtimeratherthanatoddswithit,Iwallowedintheunder-standingthattherewasnothingthathadtobedonebeyondwatchingtheclothesdryandcastingformackerel.

ButIwasalsoreturning.Returningtotheenergy,thestructure,thedemands,thepressure,Ialsochoseengagement.

Thereare,Isuppose,thesetwosidestoallofus.Thesidethatwallowslikeanyriserorganismintheworld,andtheothersidethatseekssomepurpose"above"that.Thesidethatfeelsmostcontentinnature,andtheothersidethatfeelsmoreenergized"ontopoftheworld."

Iamawareofthisduality,theurgetowatchthemud,theurgetobuildsomethingoutofit.Ourpeculiarhumancreativitydoesn'tcomefromharmonybutfromwrestlingwithchaosaswell.Everypoemandeverybuildingwaswrestedoutofmaterialbypeoplewhorefusedtoacceptthingsastheywere.

Toooftenweworkbyclocksinsteadofsunsetsandbecomemoreattunedtoairconditioningthantheconditionoftheair.Butthereisalsoinallthisthechallengeandenergyandpleasureofaccomplishment.

Atonetime,Ithoughttheseworldswereatodds,thatwehadtochooseengagementordisengagement,acceptingoraccomplishment,watchingthemudorbuildingwithit.

Buttravelingthiskindofroadagainandagain,Irealizedthattheyarejusttwodestinations,pointsalongapathofdirtandpavement.Nowitisthetensionthatintriguesme.Thesearchforabalancebetweencomfortandpurposefulness,betweenacceptingthingsandstrugglingwiththem.

Drivinghome,Iwasreluctanttoleaveonefortheother,reluctanttoputonmycityclothesofpurposeandstructure.ButIknewthatIwasluckytobeacommuter.

36.Inthefirstfewparagraphstheauthor（）.

37.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewaytheauthorspendshervacation?

38.Allofthefollowingsignifytheauthor'stwodifferentworldsEXCEPT（）

39.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

40.Whatdoestheauthormostprobablymeanwhenshesaysshewasluckytobeacommuter?

问题1选项

A.reflectedonhervacation

B.mentallyswitchedvacationtocitylife

C.marveledatwhatcitylifecouldoffer

D.reconciledcountrylifewithcitylife

问题2选项

A.Hastily.

B.Creatively.

C.Restlessly.

D.Relaxedly.

问题3选项

A.thefinalinstilmentofJaneEyreandthepeltingrain(para.5)

B.feelingcontentinnatureandfeelingmoreenergized“ontopoftheworld"(para.12)

C.peculiarhumancreativityandwrestlingwithchaos(para.13)

D.comfortandpurposefulness(para.16)

问题4选项

A.theauthoroftentakesvacation

B.theauthor'shometownisinMaine

C.theauthorhatesskyscrapers

D.theauthorhatestravelingonarainyday

问题5选项

A.Shewasabletochooseengagementordisengagement.

B.ShewasabletomoveherhometoMaineinthefuture.

C.Shewasabletostrikeabalancebetweennaturallifeandhumanlife.

D.Shewasabletochooseonelifeovertheother.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】36.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“firstfewparagraphs”可将信息点定位至原文开篇前几段。根据“leadinghome”“myvacationbeganslippingaway”“Iwasgoingback…”即可得出本题答案。

37.

观点态度题。根据题干关键词“thewaytheauthorspendshervacation”，本题设问是作者对其假期的态度。根据原文第七段作者对其假期生活的详细描述以及“achancetoliterallyvacatetheworldofschedulesandstruggles.”“asenseoflettinggotbeingateasewithtime”等，即可得出本题答案。

38.

细节推断题。作者在文中多次提到了城市生活和假期生活“两个世界”的对比，注意题干关键词“except”，选项C并未体现出两者的对比。从而得出本题答案。

39.事实推断题。根据原文最后一段最后一句“ButIknewthatIwasluckytobeacommuter.”中的“commuter”指的是来往“work”和“vacation”。即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

40.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“reluctanttoleaveonefortheother”可知作者认为假期生活与城市生活同等重要，要保持二者的平衡。从而得出本题答案。

8.不定项选择题

AttackinganincreasinglypopularInternetbusinesspractice,aconsumerwatchdoggroupMondayfiledacomplaintwiththeFederalTradeCommission,assertingthatmanyonlinesearchenginesareconcealingtheimpactspecialfeeshaveonsearchresultsbyInternetusers.CommercialAlert,a3-year-oldgroupfoundedbyconsumeractivistRalphNader,askedtheFTCtoinvestigatewhethereightoftheWeb’slargestsearchenginesareviolatingfederallawsagainstdeceptiveadvertising.

ThegroupsaidthatthesearchenginesareabandoningobjectiveformulastodeterminetheorderoftheirlistedresultsandsellingthetopspotstothehighestbidderswithoutmakingadequatedisclosurestoWebsurfers.Thecomplainttouchesahot-buttonissueaffectingtensofmillionsofpeoplewhosubmitsearchquerieseachday.Withmorethan2billionpagesandmorethan14billionhyperlinksontheWeb,searchrequestsrankasthesecondmostpopularonlineactivityafterE-mail.

TheeightsearchenginesnamedinCommercialAlert’scomplaintare:MSN,ownedbyMicrosoft;Netscape,ownedbyAOLTimeWarner;Directhit,ownedbyAskJeeves;HotBotandLycos,bothownedbyTerraLycos;Altavista,ownedbyCMGI;LookSmart,ownedbyLookSmart;andiWon,ownedbyaprivatelyheldcompanyoperatingunderthesamename.Portland,Ore.-basedCommercialAlertcouldhavenamedmoresearchenginesinitscomplaint,butfocusedonthebiggestsitesthatareauctioningoffspotsintheirresults,saidGaryRuskin,thegroup’sexecutivedirector.“Searchengineshavebecomecentralinthequestforlearningandknowledgeinoursociety.Theabilitytoskew(扭曲）theresultsinfavorofhucksters(小贩）withouttellingconsumersisaseriousproblem.”Ruskinsaid.BylateMondayafternoon,threeofthesearchengineshadrespondedtoTheAssociatedPressinquiriesaboutthecomplaint.Two,LookSmartandAltaVista,deniedthecharges.MicrosoftspokesmanMattPillasaidMSNisdelivering“compellingsearchresultsthatpeoplewant.”

TheFTChadnocommentaboutthecomplaintMonday.Thecomplainttakesaimatthenewbusinessplansembracedbymoresearchenginesastheytrytocashinontheirpivotal(关键)roleasWebguidesandreverseasteadystreamoflosses.Toboostrevenue,searchenginesinthepastyearhavebeenacceptingpaymentsfrombusinessesinterestedinreceivingahigherrankingincertaincategoriesorensuringthattheirsitesarereviewedmorefrequently.

51.Theconsumergroupcomplainedabout（）.

52.（）isthemostpopularactivityonline.

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacorrectstatement?

54.AllthefollowingshareonesimilarityEXCEPT（）.

55.Theprimaryaimofsomecompanies’sponsoringthesearchenginesisto（）.

问题1选项

A.specialfeesthatInternetuserswerecharged

B.FederalTradeCommission

C.CommercialAlert

D.onlinesearchengines

问题2选项

A.Sendingpagesofinformation

B.SendingE-mail

C.Surfingthenet

D.Sellingthetopspot

问题3选项

A.TherearetoomanypagesorhyperlinksontheInternet,sopeopleusuallyusesearchenginetofindacertainsite.

B.Morethan8searchenginesareaccusedofsellingtheirsearchenginespotsbyCommercialAlert.

C.TheheadquartersofCommercialAlertisinPortlandOregon.

D.ThesearchenginesareWebguides.

问题4选项

A.LookSmart

B.CMGI

C.Altavista

D.Microsoft

问题5选项

A.cashinontheirimportantroleasWebguides

B.boosttheiravenue

C.reverseaseriesoflosses

D.havetheirsitesvisitedbytheinternetusersmore

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】51.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据问题中的complain一词定位到第一段第二行filedacomplaintwiththeFederalTradeCommission,assertingthatmanyonlinesearchenginesareconcealingtheimpactspecialfeeshaveonsearchresultsbyInternetusersassertingthatmanyonlinesearchenginesareconcealingtheimpactspecialfeeshaveonsearchresultsbyInternetusers.（向联邦贸易局投诉，许多在线搜索引擎都在隐瞒特别费用对互联网用户搜索结果的影响），可知这个机构是抱怨用户被收取了特殊费用费，所以只有A项“互联网用户收取的特殊费用”正确。B项“联邦贸易委员会”是申诉机构；C项“商业警报”根据第一段最后一句可知，这是一个消费者维权组织，故排除C；D项“在线搜索引擎”不够全面，应该指出具体事项。

52.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。文章二段最后一句searchrequestsrankasthesecondmostpopularonlineactivityafterE-mail。（搜索的需求是网上仅次于E-mail的第二大受欢迎的活动），可知网上最受欢迎的活动是收发E-mail。A项“发送信息页”；C项“上网”；D项“销售第一”在文中都未提及且不符合题意，故错误。

53.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。第三段开头TheeightsearchenginesnamedinCommercialAlert’scomplaintare…（商业警报投诉中提到的八个搜索引擎是……），后文接着具体列举了这八种搜索引擎，B项“超过八个”是不正确的。A项定位到第二段最后一句Withmorethan2billionpagesandmorethan14billionhyperlinksontheWeb（在网上有超过20亿个网页和超过140亿个超链接）可知A项“互联网上有太多的网页或超链接，所以人们通常使用搜索引擎来查找某个网站”正确；C项定位第三段第四行Portland,Ore.-basedCommercialAlertcouldhavenamedmoresearchenginesinitscomplaint,butfocusedonthebiggestsites…（位于俄勒冈州波特兰市的《商业警报》本可以在投诉中提及更多搜索引擎，但重点放在最大的网站上……）可知C项“商业警报总部在俄勒冈州波特兰”正确；D项定位到最后一段第二句moresearchenginesastheytrytocashinontheirpivotalroleasWebguidesandreverseasteadystreamoflosses.（越来越多的搜索引擎试图利用其作为网络向导的关键作用，扭转持续不断的亏损）可知D项“搜索引擎是网络指南”正确。

54.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。定位到文章的第三段，看看文章中含的选项的这几个词，A、B、D从第三段可知都是拥有搜索引擎的公司的名字，只有C是CMGI公司所拥有的搜索引擎的名字，所以A、B、D都是公司，而C是搜索引擎，故C与其他不同。

55.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题目问一些公司赞助搜索引擎的主要目的是什么。文章的最后一句是Toboostrevenue,searchenginesinthepastyearhavebeenacceptingpaymentsfrombusinessesinterestedinreceivingahigherrankingincertaincategoriesorensuringthattheirsitesarereviewedmorefrequently.（为了增加收入，搜索引擎在过去几年里接受了一些公司的资助，这些都是想在同类中提高地位或者愿意使网站被人们经常浏览的公司）。所以说资助搜索引擎的公司的目的就是让自己的网站被上网者多多浏览），所以答案是D项“让他们的网站更受网民的访问”。A项“充分发挥他们作为网络向导的重要作用”；B项“促进他们的发展”；C项“扭转一系列损失”，均不符合题意。

9.单选题

Thestoryistoldthatinthe,medievalUniversityofParistheprofessorsweredisputingaboutthenumberofteethinahorse’smouth.Theyagreedthatthenumbercouldnotbeamultipleofthree,forthatwouldbeanoffensetotheTrinity;norcoulditbeamultipleaseven.NeithertherecordsofAristotlenortheargumentsofStThomasenabledthemtosolvetheproblem.Thenashockingthinghappened.Astudentwhohadbeenlisteningthediscussionwentout,openedahorsedmouthandcountedtheteeth.

Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.Afterthehorse'smouthwasopenedknowledgebecameanopensystem.Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.Ifnorforprefermentthenasameansofspiritualandintellectualhealth,justasamanplays,golfnotforthesakeofgolfbuttokeepdownweight.

Iwanttofollowthesetwolinesofthoughtbyraisingthreequestion.Thefirstiswhatdowewanttoperpetuatefromtheuniversity'slongtradition?What,inotherwords,isthecontentofourloyaltytotheuniversityideal?Secondlywhatobligationsdoestheuniversityhave—_whatloyaltiesoughtittofoster—towardscontemporarysociety?Andthirdly,whataretheprospectsthatthesetwoloyalties—onetoatraditionaluniversityidealtheothertothesocietyinwhichwelivecanbereconciled?

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheparabletoshowthat（

）.

3.Thepassagestatesthat（

）.

4.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreewith（

）.

5.Theword“novel”inparagraph2isasynonymto（

）.

6.Itcouldbeinferredthattheauthormentionsallthefollowingexcept（

）.

问题1选项

A.themostimportantfunctionofauniversity

B.thedifferencesbetweenmodernandmedievaluniversities

C.thecontentoftheuniversityideal

D.theauthor'sopiniononeducation

问题2选项

A.scientificresearchshouldbebasedonfact

B.thetraditionaluniversityidealisacceptable

C.oneshouldalwaysobserveanimalscarefully

D.onemustlistencarefullytowhatotherssay

问题3选项

A.Therelationshipbetweenteacherandstudentisverysimple

B.Manyscholarspursueknowledgeforspiritualandintellectualhealth

C.Therealizationoftheuniversityidealdependsonseveralimportantfactors

D.Theuniversity'slongtraditionalispreferredbymanyscholars

问题4选项

A.Theoriesmustbecombinedwithpractice.

B.Scienceisnotrelatedtoimaginations

C.Theteachingenvironmentisthemostimportantinachievingtheuniversityideal

D.Themedievaluniversityhadlittlemerits.

问题5选项

A.clever

B.brave

C.new

D.interesting

问题6选项

A.thetraditionalteachingmethods

B.objectiveinquiry

C.thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife

D.revoltagainstauthority

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者通过寓言引出传统教育理念，并对此做出两个结论：第一，我们目前对大学的困惑源于这位中世纪学生的行为，即客观探究、反抗权威等；第二，对传统大学理念要三思后再考虑践行。最后，作者提出三个疑问，一是我们应该延续传统大学的什么内容？大学有什么义务？这两种忠诚（一种是对传统大学理想的忠诚，另一种是对社会的忠诚）的前景是什么？这些内容都是和教育有关，因此答案为D选项“作者对教育的看法”。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Iwanttodrawtwoconclusionsfromthisparable.”，中文翻译为我想从这个寓言中得出两个结论。以及后文“Thefirstisthatourpresentperplexitiesaboutuniversitiesderivefromtheactofthismedievalstudent.Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.Hisactintroducedresearchintotheuniversity.”，中文翻译为：第一，我们现在对大学的困惑源于这个中世纪学生的行为。他象征着客观探究的开始、对权威的反抗、经验主义的态度、学术研究与生活事实的联系。他的行为把研究引入了大学。和“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal…”，中文翻译为：第二个结论是，在我们对传统的大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前，我们必须三思而后行。可以得知B选项“传统大学教育理想是可以接受的”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Thesecond-conclusionisthatwemustthinktwicebeforewebecomenostalgicaboutthetraditionaluniversityideal.”，中文翻译为：第二个结论是，在我们对传统的大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前，我们必须三思而后行。因此，C选项“大学理想的实现取决于很多重要因素”最符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由A项可以定位到文章第二段，第二段谈及“寓言中学生的行为象征着客观探究的开始，对权威的反抗，经验主义的态度，学术研究与现实生活的联系。”则排除A选项；B选项在文章内没有提及；由C选项“教学环境是实现大学理想的重中之重”可以定位到文章第二段中“Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom…Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.Itwasatcertainperiodsnoteveninterestedinknowledgeforitsownsake.Manyscholarspursuedknowledge.”，中文翻译为：中世纪的大学敌视我们现在所说的学术自由……传统大学对发现不太感兴趣：它专注于固定文化的传播。在某些时期，它甚至对知识本身不感兴趣。许多学者追求知识。判断C选项正确；由D项可以定位到文章中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.”，中文翻译为：传统大学中不是所有东西都值得保留。以及文章提及在对传统大学理想产生怀旧情绪之前需要三思，判断出D项错误。故C为正确答案。

5.词义猜测题。根据题干关键词“novel”可以定位到第二段中“Noteverythingaboutthetraditionaluniversityisworthpreserving.Themedievaluniversitywashostiletowhatwenowcallacademicfreedom.Tostayoutsidethecorpusacademicismsetbookseventointerprettheminnovelwayswastocourtheresy.Thetraditionaluniversitywasnotmuchinterestedindiscovery:itwaspreoccupiedwithtransmissionofacrystallizedculture.”，中文翻译为：并不是所有的传统大学都值得保留。中世纪的大学敌视我们现在所说的学术自由。置身于学术文集之外，甚至以新颖的方式解读书籍，都是在招惹异端。传统大学对发现不太感兴趣：它专注于固定文化的传播。可以得知C项“新的”最为符合。

6.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“Hesymbolizesthebeginningofobjectiveinquiry,therevoltagainstauthority,theempiricalattitude,thelinkingofacademicstudywiththefactsoflife.”，中文翻译为：他象征着客观探究的开始，对权威的反抗，经验主义的态度，学术研究与现实生活的联系。因此只有A选项没有提及，符合题意。

10.单选题

MargaretMead'sreputationwasestablishedwiththepublicationofherfirstbookin1982andwas（）byhermanysubsequentcontributionstoanthropology.

问题1选项

A.hardened

B.enhanced

C.separated

D.judged

【答案】B

【解析】hardened坚定；enhanced提高，加强；separated分离；judged判断。句意：MargaretMead在1982年出版了她的第一本书，从而建立起了声誉，后来她对人类学的许多贡献又进一步提高了她的声誉。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderobjectivelyselectedfacts;Butinthesedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovideinterpretation,themeaningofthefacts.

However,theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshouldconfinethemselves（1）the"facts":Thisinsistence

（2）twoquestions:Whatarethefacts?Arethebarefactsenough?

Astothefirstquestion,considerhowaso-called"factual"storycomesabout.Thereportercollects

（3）

fiftyfacts;outofthesefiftyhisspace（4）

beingnecessarilyrestricted,heselectsten

（5）

heconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshall

（6）

theleadofthepiece.(Thisisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonot

（7）

eyondthefirstparagraph.)ThisisJudgmentNumberTwo.Thenthenighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageone,whereithasalargeimpact,

（8）

onpagetwenty-four,whereithaslittle.JudgmentNumberThree.

Thus,inthepresentationofaso-called"factual"or"objective"story,atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlike

（9）

involvedininterpretation,inwhichreporterandeditor,calling

（10）

theirresearchresources,theirgeneralbackground,andtheir"newsneutralism"arriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.

问题1选项

A.with

B.by

C.through

D.to

问题2选项

A.raises

B.rises

C.arises

D.rouses

问题3选项

A.speak

B.state

C.remark

D.say

问题4选项

A.agreement

B.assignment

C.allotment

D.arrangement

问题5选项

A.what

B.which

C.how

D.whether

问题6选项

A.determine

B.involve

C.constitute

D.organize

问题7选项

A.progress

B.prolong

C.prospect

D.proceed

问题8选项

A.rather

B.than

C.or

D.instead

问题9选项

A.that

B.this

C.these

D.those

问题10选项

A.up

B.off

C.upon

D.for

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:C

【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。confinesb.to“将某人限定在…内”，答案D

第2题:考查固定搭配。此空意为提出问题raisequestions，答案A

第3题:考查动词辨析。say做副词用，前后用逗号隔开，表示“大约、例如”，答案D

第4题:考查名词辨析。agreement协议；arrangement安排；assignment分派指定的任务；allotment分配、配发。由上下文可知此空意为“分配”，答案C

第5题:考查连词辨析。此处由which引导定语从句，答案B

第6题:考查动词辨析。determine决定、下决心；involve包含、牵涉；constitute组成，构成；organize组织。句意：编辑要从这十个事实选一个构成总领。答案C

第7题:考查动词辨析。progress进步；prolong延长；prospect勘探；proceed继续进行。句意：读者不会继续再读下一段。答案D

第8题:考查固定搭配。whether…or…“不管…还是…”

第9题:考查代词辨析。those指代judgments

第10题:考查词组辨析。callu