考研考博-英语-北京警察学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京警察学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ProfessorKumarBhatt,founderandheadofWarwickManufacturingGroup(WMC),andRob

MeakinapersonneldirectoratMarconi,havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate.TheNewKnowledgePartnershipwillincludeateamof40MarconimanagersinwhatProfessorBhattcallselectronicengineeringmanagementorE2.Awiderangeofengineeringandnon-engineeringcompanieshasexpressedinterestintheseexcitingprograms,professorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingthebusinessenvironmenttoahugeextent.Manychiefexecutivesdonotunderstandthepowerofthenewtechnologiesandinsomecases,areactuallyresistingchange.Hesaysthat“aslongasenoughindustryleadersrealizeitspotentialbenefits,e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.”

AlreadyBritainmakesmoreuseofcomputer-aideddesignandmanufacture(CAD/CAM)andmanagementinformationtechnologysystemthanotherEuropeancountries,andhasagovernmentthatactivelypromotese-business.But,observesProfessorBhatt,Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.“Thethingaboutelectronicengineeringmanagementisthatyoucankeepyourlegacysystems;youjustneedtolinkthosesystemswithaninformationengine.Atthetouchofabuttonitwillallowprojectmanagerstoseethestatusofaproject,identifyproblemspreciselyandmakevirtuallyimmediatedecisionsbasedoninformationthatwillbemuchmorecompletethaninthepast.”

TheE2programistheresultofanalliancebytheWarwickManufacturingGroupwithAmerica’sleadinge-commercestudycenter,CarnegieMellon.ThelatterwillberesponsiblefortrainingmanyoftheMarconimanagersinAmerica,wherethegrouphashalfitsbusiness.InBritain.ProfessorBhatthaslinkedupwithSunMicrosystems,OracleandParametricTechnology,tosetupamulti-millionpoundE2designandmanufacturingcenterattheuniversitywhichwillbeusedfortrainingandresearch.

ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingbusinesstosuchanextentthatWMGislikelytoberenamedWarwickElectronicManufacturingGroup.But,hewarns:“Themovetoglobalizebecauseofe-commerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.”

1.WhatisthepurposeofE2course?

2.WhydoesBhattsaythat"e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain"?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouknowaboute-businessinBritain?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Accordingtothatlastpassage,whatisBhatt’sattitudetowardse-commerce?

问题1选项

A.Teachelectronicengineeringmanagement.

B.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeacquaintedwithe-commerce.

C.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeengineersandmanagers.

D.Teachengineersandmanagersaboutdevelopingpartnership.

问题2选项

A.Becausemanybusinessleadershaveshowntheirinterestinthis.

B.Becauseitcanstrengthenthecompanies’competitiveness.

C.Becausemorepeoplewilllearne-commercestyle.

D.Becausenewinformationtechnologiescangreatlyimproveindustrialproductivity.

问题3选项

A.E-businesshaseliminatedmanycompetitiverivals.

B.E-businesshasdonemanybenefitstobigcompanies

C.ManycompanieshavejoinedintheE-businessprogram.

D.E-businesshasgreatpotentialandwillmakechangesinthecountry.

问题4选项

A.BritaincanbecompetitivetoUSintheareaofinformationtechnology.

B.Britainhasalreadytakentheadvantagesofrunningengineeringmanagement.

C.AswithmanyotherEuropeancountries,Britainhasmadeuseofcomputer-aidedsystems.

D.E-businesshasofferedopportunitiestoEuropeancountriestoeliminatethecompetitivenessgapwithalltherivals.

问题5选项

A.HethinksitasapreciseopportunityonlytoBritain.

B.Hethinksthatitisnotasagoodopportunityaspeoplethink.

C.HethinksitisnotonlygoodforBritainbutalsoapreciseopportunityforothercountries.

D.Hedoesnotconsideritagoodopportunityinthelongrun.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate（建立了合作伙伴关系，培训工程师和管理人员成为精英）可知D选项“教工程师和经理如何发展伙伴关系”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.（电子商务将使英国的第二次生产力革命成为可能。这可能会使经济接近消除与主要竞争对手的巨大竞争力差距）可知B选项“因为它可以增强企业的竞争力”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.（英国从未将科技作为经济增长的动力）可知D选项“电子商务有着巨大的潜力，并将在这个国家发生变化”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.（在过去五年中，由于信息技术，美国制造业的生产率提高了30%。在英国，我们可以取得更多成就，成功的电子商务将对英国经济带来数十亿美元的收益）可知A选项“在信息技术领域，英国可以比美国更有竞争力”符合题意。

5.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的Themovetoglobalizebecauseofecommerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.（由于电子商务而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。尽管网络允许英国工业超越欧洲同行，但它也为亚洲国家提供了超越西方的机会。这是第一次它不是西方世界的特权，因为这项技术是普遍的）可知C选项“他认为这不仅对英国有利，而且对其他国家来说也是一个确切的机会”正确。

2.单选题

Whenitcomes___hiswifewiththehousework,Johnnevergrumbles.

问题1选项

A.tohelp

B.andhelps

C.tohelping

D.tohavehelped

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。whenitcomestosth./doingsth.“当提到；就……而论”。句意：当谈到帮助妻子做家务时，约翰从不抱怨。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Afterlosingthecourtcasethecompanybecamesomethingofa_______jokeinthebusinessworld.

问题1选项

A.standing

B.steady

C.persisting

D.settled

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。standing“长期有效的，固定的”；steady“稳定的”；persisting“坚持”；settled“固定的”。句意：自从输掉了官司之后，公司就成了业内的笑话。选项A符合题意。standingjoke“常令人发笑的笑料”.

4.单选题

Hewasabeautifulhorsethatlookedasthoughhe______outofapaintingbyXuBeihong.

问题1选项

A.come

B.hascome

C.iscoming

D.hadcome

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：它是一匹很漂亮的马，好像是从徐悲鸿的画里出来的。asthough引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反时，从句用过去完成时。主句Hewasabeautifulhorse是过去时，所以从句用过去完成时hadcome。因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Inthefuturethelittleprivacywenowhavewillbegone.Somepeoplecallthislossofprivacy’’Orwellian"，harkingbackto1984.GeorgeOrwell’sclassicworkonprivacyandautonomy.Inthatbook,Orwellimaginedafutureinwhichatotalitarianstateusedspies,videosurveillance,andcontroloverthemediatomaintainitspower.Buttheageofmonolithicstatecontrolisover.Thefuturewe'rerushingtowardisn'toneinwhichoureverymoveiswatchedandrecordedbyanall-knowngovernment.Itisinsteadafutureofahundredelectronicmonitorswhoconstantlywatchandinterruptourdailylives,andwherethreatstoprivacyfindtheirrootsinthefreemarket,advancedtechnology,andtheunbridledexchangeofelectronicinformation.

Theproblemwiththeword"privacy"’isthatitfallsshortofconveyingthereallybigpicture.Privacyisn'tjustabouthidingthings.It’saboutself-possession,autonomy,andintegrity.Aswemoveintothecomputerizedworldofthe21century,privacywillbeoneofourmostimportantcivilrights.Butthisrightofprivacyisn'ttherightofpeopletoclosetheirdoorsandpulldowntheirwindowshades-perhapsbecausetheywanttoengageinsomesortofillicitorillegalactivity.It’stherightofpeopletocontrolwhichdetailsabouttheirlivesstayinsidetheirownhousesandwhichleaktotheoutside.

Today'swaronprivacyisintimatelyrelatedtotherecentdramaticadvancesintechnology.Manypeopletodaysaythatinordertoenjoythebenefitsofmodemsociety,wemustnecessarilyrelinquishsomedegreeofprivacy.Ifwewanttheconvenienceofpayingforamealbycreditcard,thenwemustaccepttheroutinecollectionofourpurchasesinalargedatabaseoverwhichwehavenocontrol.

Thistrade-offisbothunnecessaryandwrong.Itremindsmeofanothercrisisoursocietyfacedbackinthefiftiesandsixties-theenvironmentalcrisis.Then,advocatesofbigbusinesssaidthatpoisonedriversandlakeswerethenecessarycostsofeconomicdevelopment,jobs,andanimprovedstandardofliving.Poisonwasprogress:anybodywhoarguedotherwisesimplydidn’tunderstandthefacts.

Todayweknowbetter.Todayweknowthatsustainableeconomicdevelopmentdependsonpreservingtheenvironment.Similarly,inordertoreapthebenefitsoftechnology.Itismoreimportantthaneverforustousetechnologytoprotectpersonalfreedom.

1.Thepassageindicatesthatprivacyis（

）.

2.Inline18,theunderlined”degree”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

3.Lines18-20("Ifwecontrol”)primarilyserveto

（

）.

4.Thestatementsinlines24-25(’’poison"facts”)isintendedtorepresentthepointofviewof

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesbysuggestingthatiftechnologyistohaveapositiveeffectonpeople’slives,then

（

）.

6.Theauthorsupportstheideathatprivacycanbeprotected（

）.

问题1选项

A.lessvaluedbypeoplethanitoncewas

B.difficulttomaintaininthecontemporaryworld

C.necessaryforindividualfreedom

D.astumblingblocktoeconomicgrowth

问题2选项

A.stage

B.sequence

C.measure

D.standing

问题3选项

A.introduceanadditionalpoint

B.discourageacourseofaction

C.questionadecision

D.illustrateaprecedingstatement

问题4选项

A.bigbusiness

B.environment

C.theauthor

D.thepublic

问题5选项

A.individualrightsmustbeexpanded

B.protectivemeasuresmustbetaken

C.technologicaladvancesmustbesupported

D.furtherresearchmustbefound

问题6选项

A.atamodestcosttomostbusiness

B.withthehelpofnewtechnologies

C.withoutgivingupvaluedservices

D.throughappropriategovernmentinterventions

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

【解析】1.文章第一句提到在未来，我们现在拥有的隐私都会消失（Inthefuturethelittleprivacywenowhavewillbegone.），未来将会有100台电子监视器不断监视和干扰我们的日常生活，对隐私的威胁根源于自由市场、先进的科学技术和电子信息交流（Itisinsteadafutureofahundredelectronicmonitorswhoconstantlywatchandinterruptourdailylives,andwherethreatstoprivacyfindtheirrootsinthefreemarket,advancedtechnology,andtheunbridledexchangeofelectronicinformation）。选项B“隐私在当代世界很难维持”符合题意。

2.题干中的单词出现在文章第三段第二句话Manypeopletodaysaythatinordertoenjoythebenefitsofmodemsociety,wemustnecessarilyrelinquishsomedegreeofprivacy（今天很多人说，为了享受现代社会的好处，我们必须放弃一定……隐私），由some这个词可以推测这里指的是“一定程度上的隐私”。选项C符合题意，表示“程度；测量”。

3.文章第三段最后一句话Ifwewanttheconvenienceofpayingforamealbycreditcard,thenwemustaccepttheroutinecollectionofourpurchasesinalargedatabaseoverwhichwehavenocontrol提到如果我们想要用信用卡支付餐费的方便，那么我们必须在一个我们无法控制的大型数据库中接受日常的采购收集。这个具体的例子是为了说明前文提到的“为了享受一些权益，我们必须放弃一定程度上的隐私”（Manypeopletodaysaythatinordertoenjoythebenefitsofmodemsociety,wemustnecessarilyrelinquishsomedegreeofprivacy）。选项D符合题意。

4.文章倒数第二段最后两句话提到大企业的拥护者认为有毒的河流和湖泊是经济增长必须的代价。毒药就是进步：那些反对的人是不了解这个事实（Then,advocatesofbigbusinesssaidthatpoisonedriversandlakeswerethenecessarycostsofeconomicdevelopment,jobs,andanimprovedstandardofliving.Poisonwasprogress:anybodywhoarguedotherwisesimplydidn’tunderstandthefact）。所以可以知道关于“毒药”这些观点是一些大企业的观点，选项A符合题意。

5.文章最后一段提到可持续的发展取决于保护环境。为了从技术那获得好处，利用技术来保护个人自由比以往任何时候更重要，因此，选项C“先进的技术必须得到支持”符合题意。

6.文章中提到今天的隐私战争是由科学技术的发展引起的，也提到可以通过利用一些技术来保护隐私，选项B符合题意。

6.翻译题

“失落之城”马丘比丘坐落在秘鲁热带山地森林，直到1911年才被美国探险家海勒姆·宾厄姆发现。马丘比丘海拔2430米，为热带森林所包围。它可能是印加帝国全盛时期最辉煌的城市建筑，那巨大的城墙和梯田好像是在连绵的悬崖绝壁上自然形成的一样。古城矗立在安第斯山脉东边的斜坡上，环绕着亚马孙河上游的盆地。马丘比丘废墟是世界上最美最神秘的古代遗址之一。早在15世纪初期，印加人就在那里建起数百座石建筑，传说和神话表明马丘比丘曾是一个圣地。古城废墟有宫殿、洗浴室、寺庙、贮藏室和大约150间房子，皆保存完好。这些建筑均用山顶的灰色花岗岩雕筑而成，是建筑学和美学的奇迹。

【答案】MachuPicchu,alostcitylocatedinPeru'stropicalmountainforests,wasn'tdiscoveredbyAmericanexplorerHiramBinghamuntil1911.Itstands2,430mabovesea-level,andsurroundedbytropicalforests.ItwasprobablythemostgloriousurbanbuildinginthezenithofIncaEmpire;itsgiantwallsandterracesseemlikebeencutnaturallyinthecontinuousrockcliffs.Theancientcity,ontheeasternslopesoftheAndes,surroundsthebasininupperAmazonRiver.

TheruinsofMachuPicchuareoneofthemostbeautifulandmysteriousancientsitesintheworld.WhiletheIncapeopleerectedhundredsofstonestructurestherefromtheearly1400's,legendsandmythsindicatethatMachuPicchuwasasacredplace.Theruinshavepalaces,baths,temples,storageroomsandsome150houses,allinaremarkablestateofpreservation.Thesestructures,carvedfromthegraygraniteofthemountaintop,arewondersofbotharchitecturalandaestheticgenius.

7.单选题

Thedoctortoldmethemedicinecan（）myheadachewithoutdoingmeanyharm.

问题1选项

A.heal

B.improve

C.cure

D..treat

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉我这种药可以治愈我的头痛而不伤害我。选项A，C，D均表示治疗。heal多指创伤，外伤愈合；cure多指病后恢复健康；treat多指对伤口或者病情进行诊断，强调过程。所以选项C符合语境。

8.单选题

"Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?"

"Idon'tknow.Butit'sabouttime______onsomething."

问题1选项

A.I'ddecide

B.Idecided

C.Idecide

D.I'mdeciding

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Itisabouttimethat是一个虚拟语气句型，表示与现在事实相反，that从句的谓语用一般过去时。因此B选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Thepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussed,whenthecongressisin（）againnextspring.

问题1选项

A.assembly

B.session

C.conference

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项assembly“集会；集合”；B选项session“会议；（法庭的）开庭；（议会等的）开会”；C选项conference“会议；协商”；D选项conventional“符合习俗的；惯例的”。句意：污染问题，还有其他几个问题，将于明年春季代表……再次召开时讨论。根据前面的介词in可知空格内应填入一个名词，做thecongress“代表大会”的表语。由此可排除D选项。conference为正式用词，一般指大型会议，各国之间的协商、会谈等。assembly多指一个通常有许多人参加、计划好的，为某一特殊目的而召集的会议。session一般指议会等召开的正式会议，也可指法庭之休庭期，会议之会期。根据关键词again“再一次”，说明现在的会议已经结束，需要等到下一个会期再进行讨论，insession“会议期”。因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Itisperhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereamazinglyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomparativelyrecenttimes,itwaspossibleforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.Thus,amanofgeniuslikeLeonardodaVinciengagedinmanycareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywithhisnumerousinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaintings.HecameveryneartofulfillingtheRenaissanceidealofthe"universalman",themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.

Knowledgehasbecomedividedandsub-dividedintocountless,narrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisrespected;theversatileperson,farfrombeingadmired,ismoreoftenregardedwithsuspicion.Themodemworldisaworldofhighly-skilled"experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownparticularsubjectislittlemorethanamoron,isamodemphenomenon;asisthemanofletterswhoisbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverywalkoflife.Manyactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirownsakes,areoftengivenupindespair;theyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whylearntoplaythepiano,whenyoucanlistentotheworld'sgreatestpianistsinyourowndrawing-room?

Littlebylittle,wearebecomingmoreandmoreisolatedfromeachother.Itisalmostimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlythesameworkasyouare.TheRoyalSocietyinBritainincludesamongitsmembersonlythemosteminentscientistsinthecountry.Yetitishighlydisturbingtofindthatevenhere,asoneofitsmembersputit,atalectureonly10%ofthememberscanunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!

1.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

2.Theword"moron"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestpossibletitleforthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inordertostandout,ascientistshould（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.menofremarkableachievementsinthepastwereaccidentallyversatile

B.nogreatmaninthepastwasqualifiedasuniversalexceptdaVinci

C.nowadaysversatilemenaregenerallyhighlyregarded

D.nowadaysitisnearlyimpossibleforamantobeversatile

问题2选项

A.afoolishman

B.ahard-workingman

C.anexpert

D.amiserableman

问题3选项

A.HowtoBecomeaVersatileMan.

B.VersatileMen.

C.HowtoBecomeanIntelligentMan.

D.IntelligentMen.

问题4选项

A.engageinasmanycareersaspossible

B.becomeamemberoftheRoyalSociety

C.confinehimselftoalimitedareaofstudy

D.beawareofthegreatprogressinscienceandtechnology

问题5选项

A.DaVinciwastoobusywithhismanyinventionstofinishhispaintings.

B.Inthemodemworldamancanbecomeversatilewithoutpayingtheprice.

C.Nowadaysamanoflettersscarcelyknowsaboutthechangesintechnology.

D.DuringtheRenaissancemuchemphasiswasplacedonbeinguniversal.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节推理题。第一段的最后一句为本文的主旨句“Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.”这句话的潜在意思就是说:现在多才多艺的人越来越少。选项D符合原文。

2.语义题。原文中的分号,以及as说明,前后是同类事物的比较。根据下文的whoisbarelyawareof可知，moron表示的是"什么都不知道的人",所以选项A正确。原文句意：有些科学家在他自己的研究领域之外和白痴一样。

3.全文主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲多才多艺的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并没有说如何成为一个多才多艺的人，所以选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第二段第三句“..."experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.”科学们不得不把大部分的生命投入到一个非常有限的研究领域，以便与他们的同行竞争。选项C符合原文。

5.细节判断题。根据第二段第四句“Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.”这里采用双重否定强调这一目标的实现需要付出相当大的代价。所以选项B与原文不符。

11.翻译题

过去，人们并没有充分认识到污染给环境造成的影响。只是把它看成一种会熏黑房屋，弄脏河流的令人讨厌的东西。

【答案】

Inthepast,peoplewerenotfullyawareoftheimpactofpollutionontheenvironment.Weregarditasanobnoxiousthingwhichcanblackenhouseanddirtyriver.

12.单选题

Sheoftensayshergreatesthappiness（

）servingthehandicappedchildren.

问题1选项

A.consistsin

B.relieson

C.composesof

D.comprisesin

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。consistin“在于”；relyon“依赖”；composeof“由······构成”；comprisein“包括在”。句意：她经常说她最大的幸福在于为残疾儿童服务。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

TheyhaveleftNewYork（

）good;they’llnevergobackandlivethereagain.

问题1选项

A.by

B.at

C.for

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他们永远离开了纽约，再也不回去住了。

固定搭配。Forgood永远。

14.单选题

Trafficscienceisoneofthosedisciplinesthatseemspermanentlypoisedonthevergeofabreakthrough.Professionaljournalsregularlypublishpromisingresearch,andthepresstrumpetstheirimportance.However,itturnsoutthattrafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem.Itcouldbesaidtoresemblemolecularphysics,infact,sinceit’sasystemofindividualpracticesinteractingincomplexways.Except,withtraffic,theparticleshavemindsoftheirown.

Therearetwokindsoftrafficflow.Inuncongested,stableflows,carscanmoveatornearthespeedlimit,andindividualsareabletomoveinandoutoflanesorenterthehighwaysmoothly.Then,there’swhattrafficexpertscallthe“unstableregime,”whatlaypeoplerefertoasstop-and-gotraffic.Whatscientistshavefiguredoutoverthepastdecadeorsoiswhenandwhytrafficshiftsbetweenthetwo.

“Weseeinourmodelsthattrafficbecomeunstablewhenthenumberofcars(passingaspecificspot)perlaneperhourreachesbetween2,000and2,500.Atthatnominalcapacitylevel,trafficisverylikelytobecomeunstable,”saysHaniMahmassani,atrafficscientistatNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.

Consideraclassiccase.Aslow-movingcarshiftsintotheleftlanetopassanevenslower-movingcar.Thecarimmediatelybehindthelane-changerhastodeceleratedramatically—notjusttothespeedofthecarinfrontofhim,butslowenoughtocreateasafedrivingdistancebetweenthem.Thenextcarbackhastoslowdownevenmore,againtogiveitselfacushion.Thisslowdownripplebackthroughthelaneandeventuallyspreadsintotheotherlanesasnearbydriversnoticetheseaofbrakelightsandreflexivelyslowdown.Trafficresearchersrefertothisasashockwave,anditcantravelbackformiles.

Unfortunately,whilewe’vegottenreallygoodatunderstandingwhytrafficjamshappen,ourtoolstopreventthemareprettylimited.

First,wedon’thatespendingtimeinourcarsasmuchaswepretendto.“Becausebuildingmoreroadsdoesn’timprovetrafficflow,”saysChrisBarrett,aVirginiaTechprofessorwhoconstructstrafficmodelingsystems.“Ifyoudecreasetheamountoftimeittakestotravelacertaindistancetowork,peoplejustmovefartherawayfromtheiroffices.Itchangesbehaviorinanegativeway.”

Moreover,peoplehavestronglyresistedthebestcongestion-fightingtoolthatcanbeimmediatelyimplemented.EverytrafficexpertIspokewithpointedouttherunawaysuccessofLondon’scongestionpricingsystem.Driverswhowanttoentertheheartofthecityduringbusytimeshavetopay10pounds-about$16.Thesystemhasmadeahugedifferenceinreducingcongestion,andthecityisusingtheextrarevenuetorenovatethesubwayandaddbuses.

26.InParagraph1“trafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem”meansthat______.

27.Accordingtothepassage,whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetrafficscience?

28.Whichofthefollowingstatementabout“shockwave”isCORRECT?

29.Whichofthefollowingtrafficjampreventiontoolsisbotheffectiveandrealistic?

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.itisconceptuallycomplicated

B.itpretendstobecomplicated

C.itscomplicationisconfusing

D.itscomplicationisdoubtful

问题2选项

A.Theformationmechanismoftrafficcongestionstillpuzzlesthescientists.

B.Trafficsciencestudiestheinteractionsofintelligentparticles.

C.Scientistshavemadesignificantbreakthroughsintrafficscience.

D.Thereisnosuchaboundarycapacitybeyondwhichtrafficflowswillbecomeunstable.

问题3选项

A.Itaffectsthelaneusedforovertakingcarsonly.

B.Itismorelikelytoappearinastabletrafficflow.

C.Itwillcausethelane-changertoslowdown.

D.Itisarippleeffectinitiatedbyaslow-movingcar.

问题4选项

A.Buildingmoreroads.

B.CongestionpricingsysteminLondon.

C.Adoptingself-drivingtechnologyoncars.

D.CongestiontaxationinWashingtonD.C.

问题5选项

A.Trafficsciencestrugglestokeepcarsflowing.

B.Trafficscienceprovedunreliableintrafficcontrol.

C.Trafficscientistsconstructtrafficmodelingsystems.

D.Trafficexpertssupportcongestionpricingsystem.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】26.【选项释义】

26.InParagraph1“trafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem”meansthat______.26.在第一段中，“交通是一个具有欺骗性的复杂问题”指的是______。

A.itisconceptuallycomplicatedA.它在概念上是复杂的

B.itpretendstobecomplicatedB.它假装很复杂

C.itscomplicationisconfusingC.它的复杂性是令人困惑的

D.itscomplicationisdoubtfulD.它的复杂性值得怀疑

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干的信息可以定位至第一段最后三句“然而，事实证明，交通是一个看似复杂的问题（adeceptivelycomplicatedproblem）。事实上，它可以说类似于分子物理学（resemblemolecularphysics），因为它是一个以复杂方式相互作用的个体实践系统。”，这表明交通科学的含义比较复杂，且令人困惑，故C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项表述不全面，以偏概全；

B选项中的pretend并不符合原文，属于曲解原文；

D选项中doubt也没有体现，属于无中生有。

27.【选项释义】

27.Accordingtothepassage,whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetrafficscience?27.根据文章，可以从交通科学中得出什么结论？

A.Theformationmechanismoftrafficcongestionstillpuzzlesthescientists.A.交通拥堵的形成机制仍然困扰着科学家们。

B.Trafficsciencestudiestheinteractionsofintelligentparticles.B.交通科学研究智能粒子之间的相互作用。

C.Scientistshavemadesignificantbreakthroughsintrafficscience.C.科学家们在交通科学方面取得了重大突破。

D.Thereisnosuchaboundarycapacitybeyondwhichtrafficflowswillbecomeunstable.D.没有这样一个边界容量，超过这个边界交通流量就会变得不稳定。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】定位第二段最后一句“科学家们在过去十年左右的时间里弄清楚的是，交通在两者之间何时以及为什么会发生变化”，以及第三段造成交通不稳定的边界容量，综合可推知，科学家们在交通科学方面取得了一定的进展，C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项定位第五段“……我们非常擅长理解交通堵塞发生的原因（understandingwhytrafficjamshappen）……”可知，科学家们知道造成交通堵塞的原因，所以A选项属于反向干扰；

B选项没有提到，属于无中生有；

D选项定位第三段“我们从我们的模型中看到，当每小时每条车道通过特定地点的汽车数量达到2000至2500辆时，交通就会变得不稳定。在这种名义容量水平下，交通很可能变得不稳定。”，可知，该项为反向干扰。

28.【选项释义】

28.Whichofthefollowingstatementabout“shockwave”isCORRECT?28.下列关于“冲击波”的陈述哪一个是正确的？

A.Itaffectsthelaneusedforovertakingcarsonly.A.它只影响用于超车的车道。

B.Itismorelikelytoappearinastabletrafficflow.B.它更有可能出现在稳定的交通流中。

C.Itwillcausethelane-changertoslowdown.C.这会使变更车道者减速。

D.Itisarippleeffectinitiatedbyaslow-movingcar.D.这是一辆缓慢行驶的汽车引发的连锁反应。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位到第四段，该段陈述了一个经典案例：一辆开得很慢的汽车驶入左车道，超过一辆开得更慢的汽车。紧跟在换车道人后面的那辆车必须大幅减速，不仅要减速到与前车的速度相同，还要减速到与前车保持安全的行驶距离。下一辆后退的车不得不进一步减速，再次给自己一个缓冲。当附近的司机注意到前面有一大片刹车灯，并反射性地减速时，这种减速效应会波及到车道，最终扩散到其他车道。交通研究人员将其称为冲击波（shockwave），它可以向后传播数英里。那么从这个案例我们可以知道，shockwave指的就是最开始的一辆汽车在缓慢行驶时引发的一系列反应，故D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项中的only不符合原文，属于曲解原文；

B选项没有提到，属于无中生有；

C选项只是D选项中的一部分，属于以偏概全。

29.【选项释义】

29.Whichofthefollowingtrafficjampreventiontoolsisbotheffectiveandrealistic?29.以下哪一种交通堵塞预防工具既有效又现实？

A.Buildingmoreroads.A.建造更多的道路。

B.CongestionpricingsysteminLondon.B.伦敦交通拥堵收费系统。

C.Adoptingself-drivingtechnologyoncars.

C.在汽车上采用自动驾驶技术。

D.CongestiontaxationinWashingtonD.C.D.华盛顿特区的交通拥堵税。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位最后一段第二句“伦敦的拥堵收费系统取得了巨大成功（therunawaysuccessofLondon’scongestionpricingsystem）”，以及最后一句“该系统在缓解拥堵方面发挥了巨大作用（hasmadeahugedifferenceinreducingcongestion），该市正利用额外收入翻新地铁和增加公交车”，由此可知，伦敦的拥堵收费系统对于交通堵塞预防很有效，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项定位倒数第二段第一句“因为修建更多的道路并不能改善交通流量（buildingmoreroadsdoesn’timprovetrafficflow）”，以及第二句“如果你减少通勤时间，人们就会搬到离办公室更远的地方”，可知，如果修建更多的道路，人们的通勤时间减少，那么人们会搬到离办公室更远的地方，从而交通堵塞问题还是存在，所以该项为反向干扰；

C、D选项并没有提及，属于无中生有。

30.【选项释义】

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?30.这篇文章的主旨是什么？

A.Trafficsciencestrugglestokeepcarsflowing.A.交通科学努力使汽车保持流动。

B.Trafficscienceprovedunreliableintrafficcontrol.B.交通科学在交通控制中被证明是不可靠的。

C.Trafficscientistsconstructtrafficmodelingsystems.C.交通科学家构建交通建模系统。

D.Trafficexper