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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南工程职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ifacatcomestooclosetoitsnest,themockingbird_______asetofactionstoprotectitsoffspring.

问题1选项

A.hastens

B.releases

C.devises

D.initiates

【答案】D

【解析】hastens加速,催促;releases释放,放松;devises设计,想出;initiates发起,开始。句意:如果一只猫离知更鸟的巢太近,它就会采取一系列行动来保护它的后代。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

问题1选项

A.ThenecessitytobeaPA

B.HerloveforthepositionofPA

C.HerjourneytobeingaPA

D.ThehardshipshesufferedforbeingaPA

问题2选项

A.HerfamilyencouragedhertochoosePA

B.ShedidhaveinterestinPA

C.Physicaltherapyisnotaccessibletoher

D.ItiseasierforhertobeaPA

问题3选项

A.Sheshouldacquireamaster'sdegree

B.SheneededtostudyOrganicChemistry

C.ShehadtohavetheexperienceinAnatomy

D.Sheshouldpreparesomematerialsshedidn'thave

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

【解析】第1题:本文说到的是说话人成为PA的经历,因此C选项“HerjourneytobeingaPA”正确。

第2题:说话者说到了成为医生助理的原因:IlookedmoreintothePAroutebecauseIwasreallyinterestedinit(我更多地关注了PA路线,因为我真的很感兴趣)。因此B选项正确。

第3题:文中说到“IstillneededsomelearninginsubjectslikeorganicchemistryandanatomiesandstuffthatIdidn'thave(我还需要学习一些学科,比如有机化学和解剖学,还有一些我没有学过的东西)”,对比信息,可知B选项正确。

3.单选题

Hehasimpressedhisemployersconsiderablyand()heissoontobepromoted.

问题1选项

A.nevertheless

B.accordingly

C.yet

D.eventually

【答案】B

【解析】考查逻辑连词。A选项nevertheless“然而,不过”;B选项accordingly“因此,于是,相应地”;C选项yet“然而”;D选项eventually“最终”。根据句意“他给雇主留下了非常深刻的印象,因此他很快就会得到晋升”。这里是表示递进的关系,所以选项B正确。

4.单选题

Sincehisinjurywasserious,thedoctorsuggestedthathe()inthegame.

问题1选项

A.didnotplay

B.mustnotplay

C.notplay

D.nottoplay

【答案】C

【解析】suggest表建议时用虚拟语气,用should+动词原形,should可省略,所以选项C正确。

5.单选题

()itshotsunandbeautifulbeaches,Hawaiiisafineplacetoliveinortovisit.

问题1选项

A.As

B.For

C.From

D.With

【答案】D

【解析】空格后面的“itshotsunandbeautifulbeaches”是一个名词短语,因此不能用连词,连词是用于句子与句子之间的连接的,所以这里应用介词with,意为“凭借”。选项D正确。

6.翻译题

Theexpresswayisnotonlyabridgeleadingacountryintomodernization,butalsoanessentialconditionforthedevelopmentofmoderntransportation.Inrecentyears,China’sexpresswayshaveexperiencedaflourishingdevelopment,withatotalmileageof96,000kilometersby2012,rankingthesecondintheworld.Thetotalmileagewillreach108,000kilometersaftertheconstructionofthenationalexpresswaynetworkiscompleted.Bythen,over90%ofthecitieswithanurbanpopulationofmorethan200,000willhavebeencovered.Expresswayscreatenewdevelopmentopportunitiesandspaceforroadtransportation,addingvitalitytotheeconomictake-offalongtheway.Nowadays,ithasbecomeoneofthemostimportantfactorsindrivingthedomesticdemandandfuellingtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy.

【答案】高速公路是一个国家走向现代化的桥梁,也是发展现代交通业的必要条件。近几年,中国高速公路蓬勃发展,截止到2012年,中国高速公路的总里程已经达到9.6万公里,位居世界第二。国家高速公路网建成后,通车里程将达10.8万公里,届时将覆盖超过90%的拥有20万以上城镇人口的城市。高速公路为道路运输创造了新的发展机遇和空间,也为沿线的经济腾飞增添了活力。现在,它已成为拉动内需、促进经济快速发展的重要因素之一。

7.单选题

Theelegantdecorations()thegymintoastarlitballroom.

问题1选项

A.transplanted

B.transferred

C.transcended

D.transformed

【答案】D

【解析】transplant移植,迁移;transfer转让,移交;transcend胜过,超越;transform改变,转换。句意:优雅的装饰把体育馆变成了星光灿烂的舞厅。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

Despitethegeneralnegativefindings,itisimportanttorememberthatallchildrenwholivethroughadivorcedonotbehaveinthesameway.Thespecificbehaviordependsonthechild’sindividualpersonality,characteristics,ageatthetimeofdivorce,andgender.Intermsofpersonality,whencomparedtothoseratedasrelaxedandeasy-going,childrendescribedastemperamentalandirritablehavemoredifficultycopingwithparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemoredifficultyadaptingtolifechangeingeneral.Stress,suchasthatfoundindisruptedfamilies,seemstoimpairtheabilityoftemperamentalchildrentoadapttotheirsurroundings,thegreatertheamountofstress,thelesswelltheyadapt.Incontrast,amoderateamountofstressmayactuallyhelpaneasy-going,relaxedchildlearntocopewithadversity.

Thereissomerelationshipbetweenageandchildren’scharacteristicreactiontodivorce.Asthechildgrowsolder,thegreateristhelikelihoodofafreeexpressionofavarietyofcomplexfeelings,anunderstandingofthosefeelings,andarealizationthatthedecisiontodivorcecannotbedistributedtoanyonesimplecause.Self-blamevirtuallydisappearsaftertheageof6,fearofabandonmentdiminishesaftertheageof8,andtheconfusionandfearoftheyoungchildisreplacedintheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.

Genderofthechildisalsoafactorthatpredictsthenatureofreactiontodivorce.Theimpactofdivorceisinitiallygreateronboysthanongirls.Theyaremoreaggressive,lesscompliant,havegreaterdifficultiesininterpersonalrelationships,andexhibitproblembehaviorsbothathomeandatschool.Furthermore,theadjustmentproblemsofboysarestillnoticeableeventwoyearsafterthedivorce.Girls’adjustmentproblemsareusuallyinternalizedratherthanactedout,andareoftenresolvedbythesecondyearafterthedivorce.However,newproblemsmaysurfaceforgirlsastheyenteradolescenceandadulthood.Howcantherelativelygreaterimpactofdivorceonboysthanongirlsbeexplained?Thegreatermaleaggressionandnoncompliancemayreflectthefactthatsuchbehaviorsaretoleratedandevenencouragedinmalesinourculturemorethantheyareinfemales.Furthermore,boysmayhaveaparticularneedforastrongmalemodelofself-control,aswellasforastrongdisciplinarianparent.Finally,boysaremorelikelytobeexposedtotheirparents’fightsthangirlsare,andafterthebreakup,boysarelesslikelythangirlstoreceivesympathyandsupportfrommothers,teachers,orpeers.

1.Itishardfortemperamental,irritablekidstoadapttoparentaldivorcebecause().

2.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT().

3.Whydoesparentaldivorcehavegreatereffectsonboysthanongirlsaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconveytothereaders?

问题1选项

A.theyaretoomuchdisruptedbythelifechange

B.thefamilybreakupmakesthemfeelverysensitive

C.thegreatstressoftheirfamiliesdiminishestheirability

D.theyencountermoreparents’fightsthantheeasy-goingchildren

问题2选项

A.asix-year-oldboymayfeelbeingdesertedbyhisparents

B.divorceisusuallycausedbymorethanonereason

C.ayounggirlmayfeelmoreshamefulonparentaldivorcethananolderboy

D.asthekidsgrowolder,theyhaveabetterunderstandingofdivorce

问题3选项

A.Becauseallculturestoleratemaleaggressionandnoncompliance.

B.Becauseboysarebasicallymoreself-disciplinedthangirls.

C.Becausemalesareusuallyviewedasthemodelsinself-control.

D.Becauseboysarealwaysinvolvedintheirparents’fights.

问题4选项

A.Kidsofdifferentagesbehavedifferentlyfacingparentaldivorce.

B.Theimpactofdivorceonkidsvariesinpersonality,ageandgender.

C.Boysmaybecomemoreaggressivethangirlsindisruptedfamilies.

D.Parentaldivorcehasanegativeeffectonchildrenallthroughtheirlives.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句“...childrendescribedastemperamentalandirritablehavemoredifficultycopingwithparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemoredifficultyadaptingtolifechangeingeneral.”喜怒无常和易怒的孩子更难以面对父母离异,因为他们确实更难以适应生活的变化。选项A符合原文。

2.根据第二段最后一句“theconfusionandfearoftheyoungchildisreplacedintheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.”年幼孩子的困惑和恐惧被年长孩子的羞愧、愤怒和自我反省所取代。选项C正好与之相反,所以不正确。

3.根据第三段的内容可知,父母离异对男孩的影响比女孩大是因为在我们的文化中,容忍和鼓励男性具有攻击性和桀骜不驯,选项A中的“allcultures”表述不正确;此外,男孩可能特别需要树立一个强大的自律的男性形象,也需要父母严格自律;最后,男孩比女孩更容易受到父母争吵的影响,而在父母离异后,男孩比女孩更不容易得到母亲、老师或同龄人的同情和支持。选项B在文中没有提及;选项D不符合原文,只有选项C符合原文,所以本题选C。

4.结合文章内容可知,首段一二句为本文的主旨句,所有经历过父母离异的孩子会有不同的行为方式,具体的行为取决于孩子的个性、特征、父母离异时的年龄和性别。选项B正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

9.单选题

Aboutoneandahalfmillionyearsagotheclimateoftheworldbecamemuchcolder.ThisledtothecapsoficearoundtheNorthandSouth[A]Polesspreadingtocover[B]muchNorthAmericaandNorthernEurope.Suchperiodsofcoldclimatearecallediceages.Thewoollymammothlivedinnorthernpartsoftheworld[C]between300,000and100,000yearsago.ItwasafavouritepreyofStoneAgehunters,[D]whouseditscoatforclothes,andthemeatasfood.

问题1选项

A.Poles

B.much

C.between

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词用法。B选项much不能直接修饰地名,应改为muchof。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

采取一切有效措施扫清“黄毒”,依法处理相关违法人员。

劳教制度废止后,未触犯刑法的违法者,将由社区采取措施进行矫正。

醉酒驾驶机动车的行为,要追究法律责任。

中国渔政船频繁开赴钓鱼岛,维护国家的合法权益。

打击网络犯罪,保护人民生命和财产安全。

依法行政是实现“中国梦”的根本性制度保障。

【答案】Takealleffectivemeasurestoclearawaythepornographyanddrugsanddealwiththerelevantpersonswhobreaklawsinaccordancewiththelaw.

Aftertheabolishmentofthesystemofreeducationthroughlabor,thecommunitywilltakemeasurestocorrectthelawbreakerswhodonotviolatethecriminallaw.

Todriveamotorvehicleaftergettingdrunkshallbeinvestigatedforlegalresponsibility.

ChinesefisheryadministrationvesselsfrequentlysetoutforDiaoyuislandstosafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofourcountry.

Crackdownnetworkcrimeandprotectpeople'slivesandproperty.

Toadministerourgovernmentaccordingtolawisanessentialinstitutionalguaranteeforrealizingthe"Chinesedream".

11.翻译题

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses-fiction,biography,poetryweshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserve,andcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwist,andturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分,我们就应该把它们分类,从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书,要求小说必须真实,要求诗歌必须虚构,要求传记谄媚,要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见,将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者,而是要去理解他,成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外,并且从一开始就批判他,你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉,那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来,把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研,你很快会发现,作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。

12.单选题

Itisfortunatewhenayoungman’scareergoalsandthewishesofhisparentsforhim().

问题1选项

A.coincide

B.supervise

C.collaborate

D.collide

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项coincide“一致,符合;同时发生”;B选项supervise“监督,管理;指导”;C选项collaborate“合作;勾结,通敌”;D选项collide“碰撞;抵触,冲突”。句意:当一个年轻人的职业目标和他父母对他的希望一致时,那是幸运的。结合句意,故A选项正确。

13.单选题

MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofthemediumis(

).

问题1选项

A.granted

B.implied

C.exaggerated

D.remedied

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项grant“(尤指正式地或法律上)同意,准予”;B选项imply“暗示,说明”;C选项exaggerate“夸张,夸大”;D选项remedy“纠正,改进”。根据前一句句意“大部分广播机构认为,对电视的职责是不公平的”,确定and后面的句意应是“并且表示媒介的力量被夸大”。所以C选项正确。

14.单选题

Thetraditionalappealoftheincometaxhascomefromitswideacceptanceasafairtax,closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay.Formanyyearstheincometaxprovidedlargefederalincomewithoutimposingheavyburdensonthegreatmajorityofpeople.Bythemid-20thcentury,however,seriouscriticismsoftaxloopholeswereheard;concertedattemptsatreformresultedonlyinamorecomplexanderodedtaxbase.Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s,asrisinginflationpushedpeopleintohighertaxbracketsalthoughtheirincomewerebarelykeepingpacewithrisingprices.Thispressurefurthererodedpublicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax;atthesametimeitcreatedstrongincentivestoutilizetaxsheltersandotherloopholes,aswellastoconcealoff-the-recordincome.Built-ininflationadjustmentswereadopted,firstbyanumberofstatesandthenin1985bythefederalgovernment.

Incometaxpolicyisinevitablycontroversialbecauseitrestsessentiallyonjudgmentsthatmustbeconstantlyreconsideredassocialvalueschange.Thecomplextaskofworkingoutthemanyreductionsandexclusionstobeallowedfromincomebecausetheyeithermakeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayersorpromoteworthysocialgoals(suchascharitablecontributions)isboneofthemostdifficultandpoliticallysensitiveproblemsfacedbygovernments.

Anothermajorareaofdisputeiswhetherwagesandsalariesshouldbetaxedthesamewayasbusinessprofitsorinvestmentincome.WhilesomecountriesandafewU.S.statesexplicitlyapplyseparatesetsofrulestothemeasurementofdifferentkindsoftaxableincome,others,likemostU.S.stategovernments,seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway.Evenso,dissimilaritiesinevitablyarise.Somecostsofearningincomearemorereadilydeductedfrombusinessandself-employmentearningsthantheyarefromwagesandsalaries.Inflation,byerodingthevalueofcapital,distortsthemeasurementofincomefromthatsource.Complexadjustmentstothetaxlawscouldinprincipleeliminatetheseimbalances,butmostcountrieshavepreferredsimpler,morearbitrarysolutions.

1.Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.

2.Inthe1970s,____.

3.In1985,____.

4.Whichofthefollowingincomemayenjoyareducedtaxorexclusion?

5.ThemajorityoftheUSstategovernments____.

问题1选项

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfare

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxes

C.itiswithintheircapabilitytopayit

D.itiscloselyrelatedtotheindividual’sbenefits

问题2选项

A.manypeoplecalledforthecancellationofincometax

B.manypeoplequestionedthefairnessofincometax

C.inflationcausedmanypeopleunabletousetaxshelters

D.inflationrosebeyondthegovernments’control

问题3选项

A.inflationwastakenintoaccountinthefederalgovernment’sincometaxpolicy

B.inflationratewasbroughtundercontrolandincometaxratewasreduced

C.anumberofstatesmadetheirownlawagainsttherisinginflation

D.thefederalgovernmentadoptedhighertaxbracketstohelpthepoor

问题4选项

A.Off-the-recordincome.

B.Self-employmentearnings.

C.Businessearnings.

D.Incomefromcharitableactivities.

问题5选项

A.usedifferentsetsofrulesforvarioustaxableincome

B.allowforareductionforself-employmentearnings

C.treatbusinessandinvestmentincomedifferently

D.applythesamepolicytoallsourcesofincome

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.大部分人都认为所得税是“公平的税”,因为____。

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfareA.每个人都享有公共福利

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxesB.每个国家的公民都有纳税的义务

C.itiswithintheircapabilitytopayitC.在他们的支付能力范围内

D.itiscloselyrelatedtotheindividual’sbenefitsD.它与个人的利益密切相关

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词afairtax定位到原文第一段第一句,该句提到“所得税的传统吸引力来自于它被广泛接受为一种公平税收(asafairtax),这与个人支付能力密切相关(closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay)。”由此可知,个人所得税之所以被认为是一种公平的税,与个人的支付能力相关。由此推断,所得税在个人的支付能力范围之内,所以人们认为它是公平的,C选项“在他们的支付能力范围内”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“每个人都享有公共福利”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

B选项“每个国家的公民都有纳税的义务”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“它与个人的利益密切相关”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。

第2题:【选项释义】

Inthe1970s,____.在二十世纪七十年代,____。

A.manypeoplecalledforthecancellationofincometaxA.许多人呼吁取消所得税

B.manypeoplequestionedthefairnessofincometaxB.许多人质疑所得税的公平性

C.inflationcausedmanypeopleunabletousetaxsheltersC.通货膨胀使许多人无法使用避税手段

D.inflationrosebeyondthegovernments’controlD.通货膨胀超出了政府的控制

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Inthe1970s定位到原文第一段第四句,该句提到“这种情况在20世纪70年代恶化(Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s),因为不断上升的通货膨胀迫使人们缴纳更高的税级,尽管他们的收入几乎跟不上物价上涨的步伐。”前一句提到“到了20世纪中期,出现了对税收漏洞的严厉批评”,由此推断,“这种情况”指的是“对税收的严厉批评”。后文提到“这种压力进一步削弱了公众对所得税公平性的信心(publicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax)”,由此推断,20世纪70年代,由于通货膨胀,公众对税收漏洞批评的声音越来越大,并且进一步失去了对所得税公平性的信心,因此B选项“许多人质疑所得税的公平性”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“许多人呼吁取消所得税”,原文虽然提到公众对税收公平性逐渐失去信心,但是没有提到要取消所得税,该选项属于过度推理;

C选项“通货膨胀使许多人无法使用避税手段”,可定位到原文第一段第五句,该句提到“它(通货膨胀的压力)也产生了利用避税(taxshelters)和其他漏洞以及隐瞒非记录收入的强烈动机。”由此可知,通货膨胀正是人们采取避税手段的诱因,该选项不符合原文,属于反向干扰;

D选项“通货膨胀超出了政府的控制”,可定位到原文第一段最后一句,该句提到“内置通货膨胀调整措施,起初被几个州采用,然后在1985年被联邦政府采用。”由此可知,政府在制定所得税政策时,针对通货膨胀,采取了一些调整措施,但没有证据表明通货膨胀是否超出了政府的控制,该选项属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

In1985,____.在1985年,____。

A.inflationwastakenintoaccountinthefederalgovernment’sincometaxpolicyA.联邦政府的所得税政策考虑到了通货膨胀

B.inflationratewasbroughtundercontrolandincometaxratewasreducedB.通货膨胀率得到控制,所得税税率降低

C.anumberofstatesmadetheirownlawagainsttherisinginflationC.许多州制定了它们自己的法律抑制通货膨胀

D.thefederalgovernmentadoptedhighertaxbracketstohelpthepoorD.联邦政府采用了更高的税收等级来帮助穷人

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词In1985定位到原文第一段最后一句,该句提到“内置通货膨胀调整措施(Built-ininflationadjustments),起初被几个州采用,然后在1985年被联邦政府采用。”由此可知,政府在制定所得税政策时,针对通货膨胀,采取了一些调整措施,联邦政府在1985年也采取了这些调整措施。因此,A选项“联邦政府的所得税政策考虑到了通货膨胀”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“通货膨胀率得到控制,所得税税率降低”,原文只提到了1985年联邦政府针对通货膨胀,采取了这些所得税的调整措施,并没有提及该措施的结果,并且这些措施也不是用来控制通货膨胀的,该选项属于无中生有;

C选项“许多州制定了它们自己的法律抑制通货膨胀”,原文只提到了针对通货膨胀的税收调整措施,并不是抑制通货膨胀的法律,该选项属于曲解原文;

D选项“联邦政府采用了更高的税收等级来帮助穷人”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。

第4题:【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingincomemayenjoyareducedtaxorexclusion?下列哪项收入可以享受减税或免税?

A.Off-the-recordincome.A.非公开的收入。

B.Self-employmentearnings.B.自主创业收益。

C.Businessearnings.C.商业收入。

D.Incomefromcharitableactivities.D.慈善活动收入。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词areducedtaxorexclusion定位到原文第二段最后一句,该句提到“计算出从收入中允许的许多削减和免除是一项复杂的任务,因为它们要么使纳税人之间更加公平(makeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayers),要么宣传有价值的社会目标(如慈善捐款)(promoteworthysocialgoals(suchascharitablecontributions)),这是政府面临的最困难和最敏感的政治问题之一。”由此可知,促进纳税人之间的公平以及宣传有价值的社会目标(如慈善捐款)的收入,可以享受税收减免。因此,D选项“慈善活动收入”可以享受减税或免税。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“非公开的收入”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

B选项“自主创业收益”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

C选项“商业收入”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。

第5题:【选项释义】

ThemajorityoftheUSstategovernments____.美国大多数州政府____。

A.usedifferentsetsofrulesforvarioustaxableincomeA.对不同的应税收入采取不同的规则

B.allowforareductionforself-employmentearningsB.允许自营收入的减税

C.treatbusinessandinvestmentincomedifferentlyC.区别对待企业和投资收入

D.applythesamepolicytoallsourcesofincomeD.对所有收入来源实行同样的政策

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据选项内容定位到原文最后一段,根据theUSstategovernments定位到最后一段第二句,该句提到“虽然一些国家和美国的一些州明确地对不同种类的应税收入应用不同的规则,另一些国家,像美国大多数州政府一样,寻求以同样的方式对待所有收入来源(seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway)。”D选项“对所有收入来源实行同样的政策”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“对不同的应税收入采取不同的规则”,由【解题思路】可知,这是一些国家和美国的一些州的观点,不是美国大多数州政府的观点,该选项属于张冠李戴;

B选项“允许自营收入的减税”,可定位到原文最后一段第四句,该句提到“获取收入的一些成本更容易从企业和自营职业者的收入中扣除,而不是从工资和薪金中扣除。”由此可知,原文只是提到“获取收入的一些成本更容易从自营职业者的收入中扣除”,无法推测出美国大多数州政府“允许自营收入的减税”的观点,该选项属于曲解原文;

C选项“区别对待企业和投资收入”,原文提到美国大多数州政府寻求以同样的方式对待所有收入来源,该选项不符合原文,属于反向干扰。

15.单选题

Americansarepeopleobsessedwithchild-rearing.Intheirbooks,magazines,talkshows,parenttrainingcourses,WhiteHouseconferences,andchatsoverthebackfence,theyendlesslydebatethebestwaystoraisechildren.Moreover,Americansdomorethandebatetheirtheories;theytranslatethemintoaction.Theyerectplaygroundsfortheyoungster’spleasure,equiplargeschoolsfortheireducation,andtrainskilledspecialistsfortheirwelfare.WholeindustriesinAmericaaredevotedtomakingchildrenhappy,healthyandwise.

Butthisinterestinchildhoodisrelativelynew.Infact,untilveryrecentlypeopleconsideredchildhoodjustabrief,unimportantpreludetoadulthoodandtherealbusinessofliving.Byandlarge,theyeitherignoredchildren,beatthem,orfondledthemcarelessly,muchaswewouldamuseourselveswithalotofpuppies.Whentheygaveseriousthoughttochildrenatall,peopleeitherconceivedofthemasminiatureadultsoraspeculiar,unformedanimals.

Downthroughtheagestheexperiencesofchildhoodhavebeenasvariedasitsduration.Actionsthatwouldhaveprovokedabeatinginoneeraelicitextralovingcareinanother.Babieswhohavebeennurturedexclusivelybytheirmothersinoneepochareleftwithday-careworkersinanother.Insomeplaceschildrenhavebeentrainedtostraddleunsteadycanoes,negotiatetreacherousmountainpasses,andcarryheavybundlesontheirheads.Inotherplacestheyhavebeentaughtcomplicatedpianoconcertiandlongmultiplicationtables.

Butdiverseasithasbeen,childhoodhasonecommonexperienceatitscoreandthatisthesocialaspectofnurture.Allchildrenneedadultstobringthemup.Becausehumanyoungtakesolongtobecomeindependent,wethinkthatcivilizationmayhavegrownuparoundtheneedtofeedandprotectthem.Certainly,fromtheearliestdaysofman,adultshavemadeprovisionforthechildrenintheirmidst.

1.ThepresentdayAmericanobsessionwithchild-rearinghas().

2.Childreninthepastwereill-treatedorpettedbecausetheywere().

3.Howhavechildhoodexperiencesvaried?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,children().

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetodevelopmentsintheperceptionofchildhood?

问题1选项

A.resultedinineffectualaction

B.initiatedpointlessdiscussions

C.hadwide-rangingresults

D.producedendlesstheories

问题2选项

A.ignorantofadultlife

B.seenasuninteresting

C.consideredofnoimportance

D.conceivedofashavinganimalnatures

问题3选项

A.Childrenhavebeenalternatelybeatenandlovedthroughtheages.

B.Therehavebeendifferencesinchildrearingindifferentepochs.

C.Parentshaveincreasinglytakencontroloftheirchildren’snurturing.

D.Insomeplacesphysicaltraininghasgivenwaytoencouragingcreativity.

问题4选项

A.needintensiveadultnurturing

B.aretheinstigatorsofcivilization

C.remainphysicallydependentuntiladulthood

D.havecommonsocialexperiences

问题5选项

A.Cynical

B.Indifferent

C.Positive

D.Neutral

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.考查细节事实题。文章第一段介绍了美国人对于幼儿教育的态度,根据原文“Moreover,Americansdomorethandebatetheirtheories;theytranslatethemintoaction.”可知,美国人不仅仅辩论他们的理论,而且也采取行动。因此,C项hadwide-rangingresults“有广泛的结果”符合题意,故本题选C。

2.考查细节事实题。根据文章第二段中的Infact,untilveryrecentlypeopleconsideredchildhoodjustabrief,unimportantpreludetoadulthoodandtherealbusinessofliving.可知,事实上,不久前人们只把儿童时期看作是一个简短且不重要的人生阶段。直到现在,幼儿教育才开始引起重视。因此,C项为正确答案。

3.考查细节事实题。根据文章第三段Downthroughtheagestheexperiencesofchildhoodhavebeenasvariedasitsduration.Actionsthatwouldhaveprovokedabeatinginoneeraelicitextralovingcareinanother可知,不同时期的大人们在抚养儿童上的态度和方法上也会不同。因此,B项为正确答案。

4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Becausehumanyoungtakesolongtobecomeindependent,wethinkthatcivilizationmayhavegrownuparoundtheneedtofeedandprotectthem可知,文化的进步源于对孩子的培养和保护,所以,孩子在一定程度上推动了文化的进步。因此,B项为正确答案。

5.观点态度题。文章主要讲述了美国人对孩子的教育由从以前的不重视转为现在的非常重视,并且采取了一系列的相关措施。因此,作者对这一转变持有积极的态度。A项为讽刺的,B项为漠视的,C项为积极的,D项为中立的。因此,C项为正确答案。

16.单选题

Thenewlyelectedpresidenthas________$13milliontotheautomobileindustryforitssurvival.

问题1选项

A.prepared

B.promised

C.disposed

D.pledged

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“准备”;B选项“许下,应允”;C选项“处理”;D选项“保证”。句意:新当选的总统()花13亿元来拯救汽车产业。根据句意,空格中意思填“保证”最合适,pledge和promise都有保证的意思,但是pledge一般表公开场合的保证,意义比较严肃,promise只是承诺。总统说的保证肯定是比较严肃的,所以答案选D。

17.单选题

Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the(

)oferrorsismorelikelytobeusefulthanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.

问题1选项

A.formulation

B.correction

C.detection

D.accumulation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。formulation“规划;配方”;correction“改正”;detection“侦查;探测”;accumulation“积聚,堆积物”。句意:从科学研究上来说,虽然有证据支撑的报告比不可靠的假说更令人满意,但是事实上与发现错误相比确立可能的真理可能更有用。由discreditedhypotheses“名誉扫地的假设”可推断应该是发现不可靠假说的错误,故C项正确。

18.单选题

AwardedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1918,GermanphysicistMaxPlanckisbestrememberedastheoriginatorofthequantumtheory.Hisworkhelpedusherinaneweraintheoreticalphysicsandrevolutionizedthescientificcommunity’sunderstandingofatomicandsubatomicprocesses.Planckintroducedanideathatledtothequantumtheory,whichbecamethefoundationof20thcenturyphysics.InDecember1900,Planckworkedoutanequationthatdescribedthedistributionofradiationaccuratelyovertherangeoflowtohighfrequencies.Hehaddevelopedatheorywhichdependedonamodelofmatterthatseemedverystrangeatthetime.Themodelrequiredtheemissionofeletromagneticradiationinsmallchunksorparticles.Theseparticleswerelatercalledquantums.Theenergyassociatedwitheachquantumismeasuredbymultiplyingthefrequencyoftheradiation,v,byauniversalconstant,h.Thus,energy,orE,equalshv.Theconstant,h,isknownasPlanck’sconstant.Itisnowrecognizedasoneofthefundamentalconstantsoftheworld.Planckannouncedhisfindingsin1900,butitwasyearsbeforethefullconsequencesofhisrevolutionaryquantumtheorywererecognized.Throughouthislife,Planckmadesignificantcontributionstooptics,thermodynamicsandstatisticalmechanics,physicalchemistry,andotherfields.In1930hewaselectedpresidentoftheKaiserWilhelmSociety,whichwasrenamedtheMaxPlanckSocietyafterWorldWarII.ThoughdeeplyopposedtothefacistregimeofAdolfHitler,PlanckremainedinGermanythroughoutthewar.HediedinGottingenonOctober4,1947.

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?

2.Theword“revolutionary”whichisunderlinedinthepassage,means().

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatPlanck’sworkledtothedevelopmentofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Theimplicationinthispassageisthat().

问题1选项

A.Optics.

B.Thermodynamics.

C.Statisticalmechanics.

D.Biology.

问题2选项

A.dangerous

B.extremist

C.momentous

D.militarist

问题3选项

A.Therocket.

B.Theatomicbomb.

C.Theinternalcombustionengine.

D.Thecomputer.

问题4选项

A.onlyaGermanphysicistcoulddiscoversuchatheory

B.quantumtheory,whichledtothedevelopmentof20thcenturyphysics,isbasicallyamathematicalformula

C.Planck’sconstantwasnotdiscerniblebefore1900

D.radiationwashardtostudy

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?1.在下列哪个领域马克斯•普朗克没有做出重大贡献?

A.Optics.A.光学。

B.Thermodynamics.B.热力学。

C.Sta

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