考研考博-英语-东北石油大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东北石油大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Howaboutaglassoforangejuiceto（）yourthirst?

问题1选项

A.quench

B.quell

C.quash

D.quieten

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。quench“压制，抑制，止（渴）”；quell“镇压，平息，压制”；quash“取消；废除；镇压”；quieten“安静，抚慰”。句意：用杯橙汁来止渴怎么样？选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(an)（）way.

3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris（）inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Activeincommunication

B.Attractiveinpersonality

C.Enjoyableinperfomiance

D.unpredictableinbehavior

问题2选项

A.quick

B.unpredictable

C.productive

D.inconspicuous

问题3选项

A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.

B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.

C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife.

D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.

问题4选项

A.favorable

B.critical

C.vague

D.hesitant

问题5选项

A.ArtificialRelationships

B.HowtoFormIntimateRelationships

C.TheAffectionateMachine

D.HumansandComputers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。A:在交流上是生动的,第一段指出:Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions(这个机械将不是被动的参与者，而将会增加自己的建议、信息和意见),由此可知A项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。B:在个性上有吸引力,由最后一段中“Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive...(这个电脑自己的个性将是充满生气且令人印象深刻……)可知B项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。C:在表现上令人愉快,第一段指出:Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner(想的伴侣机械（即电脑）将不仅仅在外表、感觉和声音上是友好的，且还会被编程去以令人愉快的方式来表现),因此C属于理想伴侣机械的特点。D:在行为上无法预测,由第一段中“yetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(但是这个机械（即电脑）也仍然稍微有些不可预测)”可知D不符合原文所述。因此选D。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(这整个过程（即人与电脑之间友谊形成的过程）将会以一种微妙的方式来实现，以便避免去给出一个将可能引起恼怒的过度亲密的印象),因此D项“难以察觉的”正确。

3.细节事实题。A:能发起一段有趣的对话,第一段指出:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopic(它有时会主动提出或改变互动的活题),因此A项符合原文所述。B:受先前的交流影响,文章并未提及。C:准备去了解人的生活,由第一段中“initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(在电脑首次与人进行互动时，它可能有些迟疑，但随着对使用者的了解，在互动吋它会变得更放松且亲密)”可知C项符合原文所述。D:有一个令人喜欢且能随机应变的个性,最后一段指出:itwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(它会相应使川者的性格来形成固己的性格。带着如这些样的性格，这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)。因此D符合原文所述。因此本题选B。

4.观点态度题。从末段中“Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(因为这些特征,这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)”可以看出作者持赞成的态度。故选A。

5.主旨大意题。作者在第一段提出“有感情的机械”这个话题及随后段落“阐述有感情的机械与人在友谊形成方式及这种人造友谊带来的好处,因此C项“有感情的机械”比较适合做文章标题。

3.单选题

Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesafriendlypeople.Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.ItisnotuncommonforAmericanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlifetime,andconsiderother“friends”tobejustsocialacquaintances.ThisattitudeprobablyhassomethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendto“compartmentalize”friendships,having“friendsatwork”,“friendsonthesoftballteam”,“familyfriends”,etc.

BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesociety,fullofmovementandchange,peoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighlychargedatmosphere,Americanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.Theywanttogettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse.Sometimes,earlyon,theywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelareverypersonal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuineinterestorcuriosity,andtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter.Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehaviororyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem,donothesitatetoaskthemquestionsaboutthemselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountryoranything“American”inwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfatthatyoumaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendtobeuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalkabouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscores,forexample,thandealwithsilence.

Ontheotherhand,don’texpectAmericanstobeknowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairs,unlessthosesubjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnotsurroundedbymanyothernations,someAmericanstendtoignoretherestoftheworld.

41.Thegeneraltopicofthepassageis______.

42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

43.Thephrase“highlycharged”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans______.

44.Itcaninferredfromthepassagethat______.

45.Accordingtothepassage,Americanstendtoignoretherestoftheworldbecause______.

问题1选项

A.Americanculture

B.Americansociety

C.Americans’personality

D.Americans’activities

问题2选项

A.Americansknowalotaboutinternationalaffairs.

B.FriendshipsamongAmericanstendtobecasual.

C.Americansdonotliketodependonotherpeople.

D.Americansalwaysseemtobeonthego.

问题3选项

A.extremelyfree

B.highlyresponsible

C.fullofmobilityandchange

D.verycheerful

问题4选项

A.Americanswanttoparticipateinallkindsofactivities

B.Americans,characterisaffectedbytheirsocialandgeographicalenvironment

C.Americansdonotknowhowtodealwithsilence

D.curiosityischaracteristicofAmericans

问题5选项

A.theyarenotinterestedinothercountries

B.theyaretooproudofthemselves

C.theircountrydoesnothavemanyneighboringnations

D.theyaretoobusytolearnaboutothercountries

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】41.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干的意思是“这篇文章的主题是什么？”。根据文章首段Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesafriendlypeople.Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.ItisnotuncommonforAmericanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlifetime,andconsiderother“‘‘friends”tobejustsocialacquaintances.ThisattitudeprobablyhassomethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobedependentonotherpeople.（美国人通常认为自己是一个友好的民族。然而，与其他文化背景的人相比，他们的友谊往往更短，也更随意。美国人一生中只有一个亲密的朋友，并认为其他“朋友”只是社会上的熟人，这是很常见的。这种态度可能与美国人的流动性以及美国人不喜欢依赖他人这一事实有关。）可知，这篇文章主要讨论的是美国人性格方面的内容；所以C项“美国人的性格”符合题意。A项“美国文化”，B项“美国社会”和D项“美国人的活动”都只是在文中提及过几句而已，不足以代表全文的主旨。因此该题选C。

42.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“根据文章，下列哪一项陈述是不正确的？”。A项“美国人对国际事务很了解”，文章末段提到Ontheotherhand,don’texpectAmericanstobeknowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairs,unlessthosesubjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.（另一方面，不要期望美国人对国际地理或世界事务了如指掌，除非这些问题直接涉及美国。），由此可知，美国人对国际事务不是很了解，所以A项错误。B项“美国人之间的友谊往往是随意的”，根据第一段第二句Theirfriendships,however,tendtobeshorterandmorecasualthanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.（然而，与其他文化背景的人相比，他们的友谊往往更短，也更随意）可知B项正确。C项“美国人不喜欢依赖别人”，第一段倒数第二句提到ThisattitudeprobablyhassomethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotliketobedependentonotherpeople.（这种态度可能与美国人的流动性以及美国人不喜欢依赖他人这一事实有关），由此可知C项正确。D项“美国人似乎总是忙个不停”，根据第二段第二句Inthishighlychargedatmosphere,Americanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.（在这种高度紧张的气氛中，美国人有时会显得粗鲁或不耐烦）和第三句Theywanttogettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse.（他们想尽快了解你，然后再去做其他的事情）可知，美国人总是忙碌的，所以会尽快了解一个人然后再去做其他的事情。D项正确。因此该题选A。

43.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干的意思是“第二段的短语’highlycharged’最有可能是什么意思？”。根据题干定位到文中第二段；上文指出BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesociety,fullofmovementandchange,peoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.（因为美国是一个高度活跃的社会，充满了运动和变化，人们似乎总是在前进），由此可知，下文的highlycharged指的是上文中的fullofmovementandchange，所以C项“充满流动性和变化”正确。A项“极度自由”，B项“高度负责”和D项“其乐融融”都不符合。因此该题选C。

44.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“从文章可以推断出……”。文章最后一段指出Ontheotherhand,don’texpectAmericanstobeknowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairs,unlessthosesubjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnotsurroundedbymanyothernations,someAmericanstendtoignoretherestoftheworld.（另一方面，不要期望美国人对国际地理或世界事务了如指掌，除非这些问题直接涉及美国。由于美国周围没有许多其他国家，一些美国人倾向于忽视世界其他地区。），由此可推断出美国这种对世界其他的事情不关心态度的性格可能是由于它的地理位置所致，因为它周围并没有其他的国家包围；所以B项“美国人的性格受到社会和地理环境的影响”符合题意。A项“美国人希望参加各种各样的活动”文中没有提到；C项“美国人不知道如何应对沉默”，第二段倒数第二句提到Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendtobeuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.（这没关系，因为美国人往往会对交谈中的沉默感到不舒服）可知，美国人不是不知道如何应对沉默而是他们会感到不舒服，C项错误；D项“好奇心是美国人的特点”，第二段第四句提到thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuineinterestorcuriosity,andtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter（这些问题通常是出于他们真正的兴趣或好奇，以及他们没有耐心去了解问题的核心），这里提到美国人的好奇不是描述美国人好奇的特点，而是解释美国人不耐烦的原因，D项也错误。因此该题选B。

45.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“根据文章，美国人倾向于忽视世界其他地区，因为……”。根据文章最后一句BecausetheUnitedStatesisnotsurroundedbymanyothernations,someAmericanstendtoignoretherestoftheworld.（由于美国周围没有许多其他国家，一些美国人倾向于忽视世界其他地区）可知，美国人倾向于忽视世界其他地区是因为美国周围没有许多其他国家，所以C项“他们的国家没有许多邻国”正确。A项“他们对其他国家不感兴趣”文章没有提到美国人对其他国家不感兴趣；B项“他们太过骄傲”文中也未提及；D项“他们太忙以至于没有时间去了解其他国家”，这是他们会显得粗鲁或不耐烦的原因，不是没时间去了解其他国家的原因。因此该题选C。

4.单选题

Everyday,manypeoplecometovisitthe（

）oftheoldcastle.

问题1选项

A.location

B.highland

C.site

D.desert

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天都有人来参观城堡的遗址。location“场所”；highland“高低”；site“遗址”；desert“沙漠”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Thespeaker______uswithtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure.

问题1选项

A.detour

B.offset

C.tantalized

D.ushered

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.detour绕行，绕道B.offset抵消，弥补；衬托出

C.tantalized逗弄；令人干着急D.ushered引导；招待；迎接

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据withtalesofexoticlandsandburiedtreasure（讲述异国风情和埋藏宝藏的故事）可知，这个演讲者是通过讲故事来逗乐我们，C项词义符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】演讲者讲了许多关于异国他乡和埋藏宝藏的故事，把我们逗乐了。

6.单选题

Notonly______muchbiggerthananyplanet,butunliketheplanets,itconsistscompletelyofgaseousmaterial.

问题1选项

A.thesunis

B.thesun,whichis

C.isthesun

D.thatthesun

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：太阳不仅比任何行星都要大得多，而且不同的是，它完全由气体物质组成。根据题目和选项确定考查固定搭配notonly…but的部分倒装，notonly放在句首的倒装结构为notonly+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+其他，C选项isthesun选项符合题意。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Onlyafterhehasacquiredconsiderablefacilityinspeaking（）.

问题1选项

A.thenhelearnsreadingandwriting

B.doeshelearntoreadandwrite

C.finallycomesreadingandwriting

D.hebegantoreadandtowrite

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒装。Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。即需要将be动词/助动词/情态动词放在主语前，句中的实义动词位置不变。句意：他只有在获得相当多的说的能力之后，才学会读和写。AD选项都没有使用倒装，可以排除，C选项倒装后句中缺少主语，故选B。

8.单选题

TheGreatPanicof2008mayhavedestroyedblindoptimism.Butifexcessiveoptimismwasthenear-fatalposein2008,blindpessimismhasemergedasthereflexivepost-bustcrouch.Andithasledtheeconomicestablishmenttomissyetanotherinflectionpoint.WhilewewerewringingourhandsaboutAmerica'sfinancialandindustrialcrisis,weignoredaparallelnarrativethatwasemerging:therepairingofbalancesheets,anembraceofreality,anascentrecovery.Thesamefolkswhochasedtherecessiondownnowarelikelytochasetherecoveryup.

Evenastheeconomystartedimproving,corporateAmericacontinuedtoprepareforArmageddonformuchof2009.Inventoriesofmanufacturedgoodsfellin10ofthefirst11monthsof2009.BetweenOctober2008andOctober2009,retailersslashedinventoriesfrom$500billionto$432billion.Translation?Pessimisticabouttheirabilitytosellstuff,companiescutwaybackontheirorders.Butwhenconsumerdemandfinallymaterializes,retailerswillbecaughtflat-footedandmissoutonsales.

Excessivepessimisminotherareashasbeenmorecostly.VirtuallyallthemarketgeniuseswhohungonastheDowwasscythedinhalfbetweenOctober2007andMarch2009failedtocallthemarketturn.Mosthedge-fundmanagershavechasedthe60percentrallysinceMarch,notledit.Economicforecasterssimilarlymissedthedramaticturnintheoveralleconomythisspring.Havingfailedtoforecastthattheeconomywouldshrinkata6percentannualratethroughthefirstquarterof2009,economistsalsofailedtoprojectitwouldstartgrowingagainatadecentpaceinJune.Andthey'restillbehindthecurve.Myboldpredictionfor2010isthattheconsensusoftheforecasterssurveyedbythePhiladelphiaFederalReserve,whichprojectstheeconomywillgrowonly2.4percentin2010,istoopessimistic,perhapsbyhalf.

Thenthere'salargepopulationofnon-ideologueswhomaynotfullyembracethenarrativeofeconomicrecoverybecausetheydon'tfeelityetintheirpaychecks,portfolios,orhomevalues.Trytellingalaid-offautoworkerinMichiganoralaid-offmagazineeditorinBrooklynthatthingsarebetter.Buttheymaysoonbeinforpleasantsurprises,too.Foralltheadvancesofinformationtechnology,bigeconomicturnsalwaystakeusunawares.In2007allindicatorsflashedgreen—untilthebottomsuddenlyfellout.Inthisenvironment,thingscanlookawful,untilaneworderunexpectedlycomesinorafewdealsbreakinyourfirm'sfavor.Allofasudden,thingsseemmuchbetter.

We'reinaMissourieconomynow,oneinwhichrecoveryhastobeshown,nottold.Economicconditionsmaybeimproving,butitstillmaytakemorethanafewquartersofgrowthbeforepeoplefullycommittorecovery,bothfinanciallyandpsychologically.Ifcreditmeansbelief,sincethecreditcrisisbegantwoyearsago,beliefhasbeeninshortsupply.Maybeit'stimeforalittleblindfaith.

1.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat（）.

3.Theword"non-ideologues"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthortowardseconomicrecovery?

问题1选项

A.EconomicPessimismvs.EconomicOptimism.

B.AmericanEconomyaftertheRecession.

C.EconomicForecastfor2010.

D.TheDangersofEconomicPessimism.

问题2选项

A.theretailersareunpreparedwhenthecustomerswanttopurchase

B.theretailersarefoundtohaveflatfeetsotheymissoutonsales

C.theunexpectedeconomicrecessionmakestheretailerslosetheirheads

D.theflat-footedretailers'salesareextinguishedbyothers'

问题3选项

A.peoplewhoarenotadvocatesofacertainideology

B.peoplewhoarepragmatists

C.peoplewhoareidealists

D.peoplewhobelieveinnothing

问题4选项

A.wecannotbetoooptimisticabouteconomicrecovery

B.economyhasalreadyrecoveredsopeopleshouldbeoptimistic

C.it'llstilltaketimeforpeopletobelievethateconomyisrecovering

D.peopledonotbelieveincreditanymore

问题5选项

A.Pessimistic.

B.Disinterested.

C.Suspicious.

D.Optimistic.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段，“Butifexcessiveoptimismwasthenear-fatalposein2008,blindpessimismhasemergedasthereflexivepost-bustcrouch.”，可知但如果说过度乐观是2008年近乎致命的因素，那么盲目悲观则会从反方向给经济带来不好的后果。可判断出文章主要谈及了悲观主义对经济发展带来的危害。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Pessimisticabouttheirabilitytosellstuff,companiescutwaybackontheirorders.Butwhenconsumerdemandfinallymaterializes,retailerswillbecaughtflat-footedandmissoutonsales.”，可知由于对自己的销售能力感到悲观，企业纷纷削减订单。但当消费者需求最终实现时，零售商将措手不及，错失销售良机。可判断出最后一句的意思是当顾客想买东西时，零售商们毫无准备。选项A符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章倒数第二段，“Thenthere'salargepopulationofnon-ideologueswhomaynotfullyembracethenarrativeofeconomicrecoverybecausetheydon'tfeelityetintheirpaychecks,portfolios,orhomevalues.”，可知还有很多非空想家，他们可能不会完全接受经济复苏的说法，因为他们的薪水、投资或房屋价值还没有发生改变，没有经济复苏的迹象。可判断出non-ideologues意思为实用主义者。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“Economicconditionsmaybeimproving,butitstillmaytakemorethanafewquartersofgrowthbeforepeoplefullycommittorecovery,bothfinanciallyandpsychologically.”，可知经济状况可能正在改善，但在人们完全致力于经济复苏和心理恢复之前，仍可能需要几个季度以上的增长。可判断出人们仍然需要时间来相信经济正在复苏。选项C符合题意。

5.作者态度题。纵观全文，第一段提及了盲目悲观会从反方向给经济带来不好影响，第二段提到美国还在为经济的不好状况做准备，第三段主要提到很多人仍然没有感受到经济的复苏，最后一段提及人们确实需要对经济复苏持有盲目的自信心理。根据文章最后一句，“Maybeit'stimeforalittleblindfaith.”，可知作者认为对经济复苏应该存在盲目的信仰，可判断出作者的态度是乐观的。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates“invest”ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback“interest”intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?

Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson“factsandfigures”andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof“college”imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.

Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno“illiterates”一ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeoplewithoutascript—whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe“happyfew”duringthepastcenturies.

Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents,thereforethejunglesandthegrasslandsknowofno“juveniledelinquency”.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto“buy”aneducationforhischild.

1.Theword“interest”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorseemstobe（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（

）.

问题1选项

A.pleasure

B.returns

C.share

D.knowledge

问题2选项

A.againsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes

B.infavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures

C.quitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone

D.positiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction

问题3选项

A.theaimof“equalstart”hasalreadybeenreachedamongsavages

B.savagesinancienttimesaremorecivilizedthanmodernpeople

C.themoderneducationsystemismoredemocraticthanbefore

D.therearenoilliteratesincivilizednationsintoday’ssociety

问题4选项

A.Educationcan’tworkwithoutthebenefitsoftextbooks.

B.Wehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationalmodels.

C.Compulsoryschoolingisnotexistentinallnations.

D.Ourspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.

问题5选项

A.EducationandModernCivilization

B.TheSignificanceofModernEducation

C.EducationalInvestmentandtheProfitItBrings

D.Education:AComparisonbetweenPastandPresent

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，现代国家“投资”于学习机构，培养一大批开明的，有可能成为领导的青年男女，以此来获得“回报”。“invest”和“interest”相对应，所以选项B正确。

2.根据第三段第一句“Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.”这是“平等起步”的理想状态，只有我们最先进的现代教育形式才试图恢复这种理想状态。由此可以推断，作者似乎赞同原始文化中的平等教育传统，所以选项B符合原文。

3.根据第二段的最后两句，在我们喜欢称之为野蛮人的人群中，所有由传统继承的知识都为所有人所共享;它被教导给部落的每一个成员，因此在这方面，每个人都是平等地为生活做好准备。由此可知，野蛮人已经达到了“平等起步”的目标，所以选项A正确。

4.根据第三段“...ourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.”德国于1642年将义务教育列入法律条文，法国在1806年，英国是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”国家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的国家都有义务教育，选项C符合原文。

5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要将过去的教育和现代的教育进行对比，指出现代教育的不足之处，选项D最能概括全文，所以正确。

10.单选题

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately，thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea，whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningshouldbedoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener（）.

3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree（）.

5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.makethetreegrowtaller

B.improvetheshapeofthetree

C.getridofthesmallbranches

D.makethesmallbranchesthicker

问题2选项

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

D.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

问题3选项

A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

C.Tocoveraroughsurface.

D.Tohelpawoundtodry.

问题4选项

A.atintervalsthroughouttheyear

B.asquicklyaspossible

C.occasionallywhennecessary

D.regulareverywinter

问题5选项

A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.

D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据题干关键词“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段：pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize（修枝是为了确保树木按照所需要的形状或大小生长）。因此，B项为正确答案。

2.根据题干关键词“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…（剪去堵塞中心的树枝可以促进树木的健康）。因此推测，树木中心的树枝太多不利于树木的生长，A项为正确答案。

3.根据题干关键词“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知，在树木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是为了防止病害从树木切口进入，B项为正确答案。

4.第一段指出：moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway（不必要的剪枝会给树木带来更多的伤害）。由此推测，好的园丁只是在必要的时候才修剪树木，C项为正确答案。

5.通篇作者在阐述什么情况下修剪树木并且详细介绍了原因和方法。因此，作者的目的是在修剪树木方面给予实践指导，A项为正确答案。

11.单选题

Avirtualanchorite,he（

）tohisself-sufficiency.

问题1选项

A.adheres

B.confirms

C.conforms

D.admonishes

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。adhere“坚持；依附”，为不及物动词，一般与to构成adhereto“坚持；粘附”；confirm“确认；证实”，为及物动词；conform“使遵守；使一致”。句意：作为隐士的他坚持自给自足。选项A符合题意。

12.填空题

AfterI（1）theuniversityentranceexam,Iwasextremelyupset,becauseIwasalmostsureIh