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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南交通运输职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.

问题1选项

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项devised“设计”;B选项thrust“猛推;冲”;C选项estimated“预计的”;D选项encountered“遭遇”。句意:美国老年痴呆症患者的数量到2050年____将增加一倍以上。本句讲的是到2050年美国老年痴呆症患者的数量的变化,这应该是推测、预测出来的,C选项符合语境,原文isprojectedto“预计”。因此,本题最佳选项为C。

2.单选题

W:Goodtoseeyou.Youlookfatterandbetter.

M:Thanks.Ihadalotofexerciseanddrankvegetablejuiceeveryday.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

问题1选项

A.Themanusedtobeunhealthy

B.Themandoesn’thaveasmuchexerciseasheusedto.

C.Themanatealoteveryday.

D.Themanhasbecomeabetterperson

【答案】D

【解析】根据女士的话“你看起来更胖,更好了。”可知D选项‘这个人变得更好了’正确。

3.不定项选择题

AttackinganincreasinglypopularInternetbusinesspractice,aconsumerwatchdoggroupMondayfiledacomplaintwiththeFederalTradeCommission,assertingthatmanyonlinesearchenginesareconcealingtheimpactspecialfeeshaveonsearchresultsbyInternetusers.CommercialAlert,a3-year-oldgroupfoundedbyconsumeractivistRalphNader,askedtheFTCtoinvestigatewhethereightoftheWeb’slargestsearchenginesareviolatingfederallawsagainstdeceptiveadvertising.

ThegroupsaidthatthesearchenginesareabandoningobjectiveformulastodeterminetheorderoftheirlistedresultsandsellingthetopspotstothehighestbidderswithoutmakingadequatedisclosurestoWebsurfers.Thecomplainttouchesahot-buttonissueaffectingtensofmillionsofpeoplewhosubmitsearchquerieseachday.Withmorethan2billionpagesandmorethan14billionhyperlinksontheWeb,searchrequestsrankasthesecondmostpopularonlineactivityafterE-mail.

TheeightsearchenginesnamedinCommercialAlert’scomplaintare:MSN,ownedbyMicrosoft;Netscape,ownedbyAOLTimeWarner;Directhit,ownedbyAskJeeves;HotBotandLycos,bothownedbyTerraLycos;Altavista,ownedbyCMGI;LookSmart,ownedbyLookSmart;andiWon,ownedbyaprivatelyheldcompanyoperatingunderthesamename.Portland,Ore.-basedCommercialAlertcouldhavenamedmoresearchenginesinitscomplaint,butfocusedonthebiggestsitesthatareauctioningoffspotsintheirresults,saidGaryRuskin,thegroup’sexecutivedirector.“Searchengineshavebecomecentralinthequestforlearningandknowledgeinoursociety.Theabilitytoskew(扭曲)theresultsinfavorofhucksters(小贩)withouttellingconsumersisaseriousproblem.”Ruskinsaid.BylateMondayafternoon,threeofthesearchengineshadrespondedtoTheAssociatedPressinquiriesaboutthecomplaint.Two,LookSmartandAltaVista,deniedthecharges.MicrosoftspokesmanMattPillasaidMSNisdelivering“compellingsearchresultsthatpeoplewant.”

TheFTChadnocommentaboutthecomplaintMonday.Thecomplainttakesaimatthenewbusinessplansembracedbymoresearchenginesastheytrytocashinontheirpivotal(关键)roleasWebguidesandreverseasteadystreamoflosses.Toboostrevenue,searchenginesinthepastyearhavebeenacceptingpaymentsfrombusinessesinterestedinreceivingahigherrankingincertaincategoriesorensuringthattheirsitesarereviewedmorefrequently.

51.Theconsumergroupcomplainedabout().

52.()isthemostpopularactivityonline.

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacorrectstatement?

54.AllthefollowingshareonesimilarityEXCEPT().

55.Theprimaryaimofsomecompanies’sponsoringthesearchenginesisto().

问题1选项

A.specialfeesthatInternetuserswerecharged

B.FederalTradeCommission

C.CommercialAlert

D.onlinesearchengines

问题2选项

A.Sendingpagesofinformation

B.SendingE-mail

C.Surfingthenet

D.Sellingthetopspot

问题3选项

A.TherearetoomanypagesorhyperlinksontheInternet,sopeopleusuallyusesearchenginetofindacertainsite.

B.Morethan8searchenginesareaccusedofsellingtheirsearchenginespotsbyCommercialAlert.

C.TheheadquartersofCommercialAlertisinPortlandOregon.

D.ThesearchenginesareWebguides.

问题4选项

A.LookSmart

B.CMGI

C.Altavista

D.Microsoft

问题5选项

A.cashinontheirimportantroleasWebguides

B.boosttheiravenue

C.reverseaseriesoflosses

D.havetheirsitesvisitedbytheinternetusersmore

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】51.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据问题中的complain一词定位到第一段第二行filedacomplaintwiththeFederalTradeCommission,assertingthatmanyonlinesearchenginesareconcealingtheimpactspecialfeeshaveonsearchresultsbyInternetusersassertingthatmanyonlinesearchenginesareconcealingtheimpactspecialfeeshaveonsearchresultsbyInternetusers.(向联邦贸易局投诉,许多在线搜索引擎都在隐瞒特别费用对互联网用户搜索结果的影响),可知这个机构是抱怨用户被收取了特殊费用费,所以只有A项“互联网用户收取的特殊费用”正确。B项“联邦贸易委员会”是申诉机构;C项“商业警报”根据第一段最后一句可知,这是一个消费者维权组织,故排除C;D项“在线搜索引擎”不够全面,应该指出具体事项。

52.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。文章二段最后一句searchrequestsrankasthesecondmostpopularonlineactivityafterE-mail。(搜索的需求是网上仅次于E-mail的第二大受欢迎的活动),可知网上最受欢迎的活动是收发E-mail。A项“发送信息页”;C项“上网”;D项“销售第一”在文中都未提及且不符合题意,故错误。

53.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。第三段开头TheeightsearchenginesnamedinCommercialAlert’scomplaintare…(商业警报投诉中提到的八个搜索引擎是……),后文接着具体列举了这八种搜索引擎,B项“超过八个”是不正确的。A项定位到第二段最后一句Withmorethan2billionpagesandmorethan14billionhyperlinksontheWeb(在网上有超过20亿个网页和超过140亿个超链接)可知A项“互联网上有太多的网页或超链接,所以人们通常使用搜索引擎来查找某个网站”正确;C项定位第三段第四行Portland,Ore.-basedCommercialAlertcouldhavenamedmoresearchenginesinitscomplaint,butfocusedonthebiggestsites…(位于俄勒冈州波特兰市的《商业警报》本可以在投诉中提及更多搜索引擎,但重点放在最大的网站上……)可知C项“商业警报总部在俄勒冈州波特兰”正确;D项定位到最后一段第二句moresearchenginesastheytrytocashinontheirpivotalroleasWebguidesandreverseasteadystreamoflosses.(越来越多的搜索引擎试图利用其作为网络向导的关键作用,扭转持续不断的亏损)可知D项“搜索引擎是网络指南”正确。

54.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。定位到文章的第三段,看看文章中含的选项的这几个词,A、B、D从第三段可知都是拥有搜索引擎的公司的名字,只有C是CMGI公司所拥有的搜索引擎的名字,所以A、B、D都是公司,而C是搜索引擎,故C与其他不同。

55.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题目问一些公司赞助搜索引擎的主要目的是什么。文章的最后一句是Toboostrevenue,searchenginesinthepastyearhavebeenacceptingpaymentsfrombusinessesinterestedinreceivingahigherrankingincertaincategoriesorensuringthattheirsitesarereviewedmorefrequently.(为了增加收入,搜索引擎在过去几年里接受了一些公司的资助,这些都是想在同类中提高地位或者愿意使网站被人们经常浏览的公司)。所以说资助搜索引擎的公司的目的就是让自己的网站被上网者多多浏览),所以答案是D项“让他们的网站更受网民的访问”。A项“充分发挥他们作为网络向导的重要作用”;B项“促进他们的发展”;C项“扭转一系列损失”,均不符合题意。

4.单选题

“Youtrytogetsomesleep.I’ll______thepatient’sbreakfast”,saidthenurse.

问题1选项

A.seeto

B.stickto

C.getto

D.leadto

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.seeto注意,负责B.stickto坚持

C.getto到达,开始,接触到D.leadto导致,通向

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“我来______病人的早餐”可知,空格处填入seeto表示“负责”符合句意,所以该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】护士说:“你试着睡一会儿。我来负责病人的早餐。”

5.单选题

Overathirdofthepopulationwasestimatedtohaveno()tothehealthservice

问题1选项

A.assessment

B.access

C.assignment

D.exception

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组的固定搭配。A选项assessment表示“评定,估价”;B选项access表示“进入,通道,机会”;C选项assignment表示“分配,任务”;D选项exception表示“例外,异议”。词组haveaccessto可表示“使用,接近,可以利用”,其余3项不可与have构成搭配。句意:估计有超过三分之一的人口没有享受到医疗服务。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

6.单选题

______Stevesaid:“IwillbecomingbackandifconditionsdonotworsensounexpectedlyIhopetomeetyouagain.”

问题1选项

A.Cryptically

B.Deservedly

C.Exceedingly

D.Excessively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项cryptically“隐秘地,意义含糊地”,B项deservedly“理所当然地,应得报酬地”,C项exceedingly“非常,极其,极度地”,D项excessively“过分地,极度”。由双引号内的句意“我会回来的,如果情况不会如此出乎意料地恶化,我希望能再次见到你”可知,四个选项中把A项代入进去最符合句子的语境。句意:史蒂夫含糊其词地说:“我会回来的,如果情况不会如此出乎意料地恶化,我希望能再次见到你。”因此,该题选择A项正确。

7.单选题

Much(

)Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinthoroughness,whateverthejob.

问题1选项

A.when

B.more

C.farther

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒装结构。这是由as引导的让步状语从句结构,需要倒装,但不是主谓倒装而是将被强调的内容放在句首,选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Theseleathershoesareallmade().

问题1选项

A.athand

B.inhand

C.onhand

D.byband

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查固定搭配。A选项athand“在手边,即将到来”,B选项inhand“在手头,在进行中”,C选项onhand“在手边,在场,即将发生”,D选项byhand“用手,手工的,定做的”,句意:这些皮鞋都是定做的。因此,D选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Theyaremeticulousinwork,wellawareacarelessmistakewillcostthecompanymillionsofpounds.

问题1选项

A.rathercasual

B.prettyslow

C.verycarefully

D.reallyconsiderate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词和词组辨析。meticulous“小心翼翼的;A选项rathercasual“非常随便的”;B选项prettyslow“相当慢的”;C选项verycarefully“非常小心地”;D选项reallyconsiderate“确实体贴的”。句意:在工作中,他们小心翼翼,很清楚一个粗心的错误将花费公司数百万英镑。由题干中的“wellaware很清楚”可知meticulous在这里为“小心翼翼的”的意思,因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Viewingyouraccountbalancesanytimeyouwant,youcantransfermoneyaccountsatyourconvenience.

问题1选项

A.to

B.between

C.from

D.with

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词用法。A项to“向……”,B项between“在……之间”,C项from“从,来自……”,D项with“和……”;句意:任何时候您都可以查看您的账户余额,也可以方便的时候在账户间相互转账。transfer一般是指两个事物之间的转移,所以B选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Hetriedtohidehis(

)patchbysweepinghishairovertooneside.

问题1选项

A.barren

B.bald

C.bare

D.bleak

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析barren贫瘠的;bald秃头的,赤裸裸的;bare空的,赤裸的;bleak暗淡的,昏暗的。句意:他试图把头发梳到一边来掩盖他的秃顶。答案B

12.单选题

Analystshavehadtheirgoathumor,andIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature,butwithoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsarediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind.

InanewsreeltheatretheotherdayIsawapictureofamanwhohaddevelopedthesoapbubbletoahigherpointthanithadeverbeforereached.HehadbecametheacesoapbubbleblowerofAmerica,hadperfectedthebusinessofblowingbubbles,refinedit,doubledit,squaredit,andhadevenworkedhimselfupintoaconvenientlather.Theeffectwasnotpretty.Someofthebubblesweretoobigtobebeautiful,andtheblowerwasalwaysjumpingintothemoroutofthem,orplayingsomesortofunattractivetrickwiththem.Itwas,ifanything,aratherrepulsivesight.Humorisalittlelikethat:itwon’tstandmuchblowingup,anditwon’tstandmuchpoking.Ithasacertainfragility,anevasiveness,whichonehadbestrespect.Essentially,itisacompletemystery.Ahumanframeconvulsedwithlaughter,andthelaughterbecominghystericalanduncontrollable,isasfaroutofbalanceasoneshakenwiththehiccoughsorinthethroesofasneezingfit.

Oneofthethingscommonlysaidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysadpeople—clownwithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit,butitisbadlystated.Itwouldbemoreaccurate,Ithink,tosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumorist,perhapsmoresensibleofitthansomeothers,compensatesforitactivelyandpositively.Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepaincheerfully,knowinghowwellitwillservetheminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguages,fightingfoldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipes,sufferingtheterriblediscomfortoftightboots(orasJoshBillingwittilycalledthem,“tite”boots).Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitably,inaformthatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe.

1.Thecentralthemeofthisessayis:()

2.ThemainideaofParagraph2is:()

3.Whydoestheauthorfeelthatwhenhumorisdissected,itdiesintheprocess?()

4.Theword“melancholy”inParagraph3probablymeans().

5.Inhisfinalsentence,theauthorisevokinganimageof().

问题1选项

A.Thereislittlehumorinoldnewsreel.

B.Humorcanbedissectedlikeafrog.

C.Humorisessentiallyamystery,andbecausehumoristsaremoreawareofmelancholy,theyseemsadderthanmostpeople.

D.Humoristsneedtocompensateforthepaintheyhavesuffered.

问题2选项

A.Theauthoroncesawapictureofthelargestsoapbubbleevermade.

B.Thebubbleblowingperformancewasarepulsivesight.

C.Humorisfragile.

D.Laughterisnotameasureofhumor.

问题3选项

A.Thefuninhumorliesinexaminingitscontents.

B.Humormusttantalizethesensesonimpact—ifithastobeexplained,itlosesitseffect.

C.Humorisbestenjoyedbypeoplewithscientificminds.

D.Agoodhumoristshouldexplainhisorherjoketomakesureeveryoneunderstandsit.

问题4选项

A.joy

B.sadness

C.hysteria

D.exhilaration

问题5选项

A.theocean

B.sparklinggerms

C.hightide

D.flowingwater

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:作者认为幽默是生活中的一部分。文章第一段提到了分析师分析幽默的行为。第二段举了吹肥皂泡的例子,引出幽默的本质。最后一段作者提到幽默家并不是真正的快乐。选项C符合题意。

第2题:文章第二段以吹肥皂泡表演开始,接下来提到humorisalittlelikethat,幽默与吹肥皂泡相似:脆弱而又飘忽不定。作者还认为幽默就是一个谜(Essentially,itisacompletemystery)。选项C符合题意。

第3题:文章第一段最后一句话提到Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsarediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind,意思就是经过剖析后的幽默除了纯科学头脑,其他人只会变得沮丧。也就是说经过剖析后的幽默断然无存。选项B符合题意。

第4题:题干出现在文章第三段第三句话,后面提到幽默家是靠烦恼致富的,他们能够从烦恼中获得补偿(Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay)。因此melancholy这个词应该是表示消极意思的词。选项B与trouble意思相近,所以符合题意。

第5题:文章最后一句Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe“在光鲜亮丽的外表下,背后遭罪”,选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationsshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepers,andbecauseofthis,canclaimhumanity’slongestcontinuous(

)ofnaturalevents.

问题1选项

A.defiance

B.documentation

C.maintenance

D.domination

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。A选项“挑衅,蔑视”;B选项“文件编制,文档”;C选项“维持,保养”;D选项“支配,统治”;根据句意‘继古埃及人之后旋即展开了有系统的天文与气候观察的中国人可谓是勤勉不辍的文献记录者,并且基于这一原因,中国人可声称拥有人类历史上对自然事件最悠久连续的文献记载。’确定B选项正确。

14.单选题

Akilnisatypeofoveninwhichclayis(

)sothatithardensintoaformofceramicmaterial.

问题1选项

A.repaired

B.baked

C.melted

D.lightened

【答案】B

【解析】repair修理,修补;bake烤,烘焙;melt使融化,使软化;lighten使照亮,使轻松。句意:窑是一种把黏土烧制变硬成为陶瓷材料的炉子。选项B符合语境。

15.单选题

Theytriedtocollectallthepicturestheycould(

).

问题1选项

A.laytheirhandson

B.capitalizeon

C.washtheirhandsof

D.makethebestof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。layone’shandson意为“找到,得到,伤害”;capitalizeon意为“充分利用某事物,从某事物中获利”;washone’shandsof意为“洗手不干,退出、不参与”;makethebestof意为“充分利用”。

句意:他们试图收集所有他们能找到的照片。

16.单选题

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas()totheissueathand.

问题1选项

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.irrelevant

D.invalid

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项irrational“不合理的”;B选项unreasonable“不合理的;非理智的”;C选项irrelevant“不相干的;不切题的”;D选项invalid“无效的;有病的;残废的”。句意:这位法官判定这一证据是不予采纳的,理由是它与手头的案件是不相干的。C选项正确。

17.单选题

Itisgenerallybelievedthattruefriendshipislikehealth,()isseldomknowntillitislost.

问题1选项

A.thevalueofwhich

B.itsvalue

C.thevalueofit

D.it'svalue

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。thevalueofwhich在句中充当主语,

选项A正确。其他选项都有自己的主语,

但缺少连词,

所以不选。

18.单选题

Fortensofthousandsofprofoundlydeafadultsandchildrenworldwide,cochleaimplantshaveprovidedausefulsubstitutefornaturalhearing.Thesedeviceselectricallystimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlea,enablingmanyuserstocarryonaconversationwithoutvisualcues,suchasoverthetelephone.Butforthepatientswhosenerveendingshavedegeneratedorwhoseauditorynerveshavebeendestroyed,theonlyhopeforrestoringhearingistoaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.

AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.Likeacochleaimplant,itconsistsofanexternalspeechprocessorandareceiverimplantedunderthescalp.Butthewiresfromthereceiverbypassthecochleaandinsteadtravelallthewaytothebrainstem.Theyendinanarrayofsixiridiummicroelectrodesthatpenetratetheventralcochleanucleus,oneoftheauditorycentersthatnormallyreceiveinputfromthecochlea.TheimplantisnotmeanttoenableMcCerry’scattohear,itsnaturalhearingisinfactstillintact.RatherMcCreeyrecordstheneuralsignalstheimplantproducesandfindsthatthesignalsconveythefrequencycodedinformationappropriateforthecomprehensionofspeech.

Initscurrentformthebrainstemimplantfeaturesanarrayofeightflatelectricalcontactsthataresimplyplacedagainstthesurfaceofthebrainstemneartheventralcochleanucleus.Therecipientsofthesedevices—about150peopleglobally—getenoughauditoryinformationtoimprovetheirlip-readingskillsandtoperceiveenvironmentalsounds,buttheyrarelyattaingoodspeechcomprehensionintheabsenceofvisualcues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.What’sthegoalofCaliforniaresearchersmentionedinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhydoesDouglasMcCreeryshowoffacat?

问题1选项

A.Cochleaimplants.

B.Reasonsofdeaf

C.Anewauditoryremedy.

D.Structureoftheauditorysystem.

问题2选项

A.Tofindanewmethodofcochlearimplant.

B.Tostimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlear.

C.Tostudycat’scochlea.

D.Toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.

问题3选项

A.Toadvocatepeopletoprotectanimals.

B.Tocurethecat'shearingloss.

C.Tocarryoutcochlearimplantonthecat.

D.Togiveadisplayofthenewdevice

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知,开头提到了耳蜗植入装置使许多使用者能够在没有视觉提示的情况下进行交谈,但对于神经末梢退化或听觉神经受损的患者却没用。因此加州的研究人员正在研究一种可以直接插入大脑的植入式耳蜗。接下来的内容则是具体的这项新的研究,所以选项C“一种新的听觉疗法”最能概括全文。

2.判断推理题。根据第一段最后一句“NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.现在,加州的研究人员正准备这样做,这是一种可以直接插入大脑的植入式耳蜗。”原文中的“that”即上文提到的“toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.进入听觉系统的后期。”所以选项D正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第二段第一句“AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.加州神经生理学家DouglasMcCreey展示了一只已经在使用这种新设备的猫。”由此可知,DouglasMcCreery实际上是在展示新的设备,所以选项D正确。

19.单选题

ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,(

).

问题1选项

A.notthelowtemperatures

B.notlownessoftemperatures

C.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresent

D.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。这是个强调句,题目强调的是highhumidity,并且需填入的部分与thehighhumidity是并列成分,根据句意‘使伦敦的冬季如此之冷的是高湿度而不是低气温’确定A选项正确。

20.单选题

Thatradiocompanyissobigthatithasalotof______inforeigncountries.

问题1选项

A.introducers

B.instructors

C.conductors

D.agents

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项introducers“介绍人;创始者”;B选项instructors“教练;教师”;C选项conductors“(交响乐、合唱的)指挥;列车员”;D选项agents“代理商”。句意:那家广播公司很大,所以在国外有很多______。根据语境,D选项agents“代理商”和radiocompany搭配比较合理,符合题意。因此D选项正确。

21.单选题

NowthereisinAmericaacuriouscombinationofpride(

)toapositionwhereitisnolongernecessarytodependuponmanuallaborforalivinganddelightinwhatoneisabletoaccomplishwithhishand.

问题1选项

A.inhavingrisen

B.tohaverisen

C.havingrisen

D.inrising

【答案】A

【解析】非谓语动词辨析题。首先,pride与in搭配,表示“以……为自豪”,而介词in之后应用动词的ing形式,且这里强调过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,故应用现在完成时态的分词形式,A选项正确。

22.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Memoriesthatwearenotawareofmaybejustasaccurateasthosewerecall,researchershavefound.Andtheymightalsoprovokeuniquechangesinthebrain’selectricalactivityduringrecall.

Theresearchershavelookedatatypeofmemorycalled“implicit”memory.(41)Thephenomenonhasbeendemonstratedinpatientswithamnesia,whocan,withtraining,learntosolvespecificpuzzlesmorequicklydespiteinsistingthattheyhaveneverseenthepuzzlebefore.

InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience,JoelVossattheUniversityofIllinoisreportsthatimplicitmemorymaybeatworkwhenwerecallimagesthatwehaveseenbefore.

“Whatisexcitingistheyaresortofbringinganexperimentallenstothemosttwilightaspectsofourmemory,”saysneuroscientistJohnGabrielioftheMIT.

Vossshowed12peopleaseriesofkaleidoscopicimages.(42)Thatdistractionmadeithardertoconsciouslyrememberthepictures.

Then,45secondsafterstudyingtheimages,participantsweretestedonhowwelltheycoulddistinguishanimagetheyhadpreviouslyseenfromanew,butverysimilarpicture.

Eachtimetheyselectedanimage,theywereaskedtogaugehowcertaintheywereofthechoice.Didtheyclearlyrememberthepicture?Wasitmerelyfamiliar?Orwasitsimplyaguess?

Overall,itseemedthataguesswasnotalwaysaguess.(43)ButVosssaysitistoosoontotellwhetherthefindingswillhaveimplicationsforreal-worldscenarios—suchasexposuretosubliminalmessages.Sofar,hehasonlytestedthephenomenonusingnon-sensical,kaleidoscopeimages.Andhehasonlygivensubjectsachoicebetweentheimagetheyhadseenbeforeandaverysimilarone.Imagesthatbearsomemeaning,forexample,wouldbemorelikelytoberememberedexplicitly.

Theauthorshavereportedsimilarresultsbefore.Butthistime,Vossalsomeasuredchangesinelectricalsignalsinthebrainasthepeoplecompletedtheirtests.(44)

“Thetimingisinteresting.”saysGabrieli.“Thiseffectisoccurringintheearlypushofprocessing,asopposedtowhenmoretimepassesandyouhavemoretimetothinkaboutit.”Abrain-imagingexperiment,suchasfunctionalmagneticresonanceimagingtoobservechangesinbloodflowtodifferentregionsofthebrain,couldprovidemoreinformationaboutwhereinthebrainthesesignalsareoriginating,headds.

Theresultsare“striking”,saysDanielSchacter,aprofessorofpsychologyatHarvardUniversity.(45)Thosedifferenceswerefoundinthevisualcortex,aregionofthebrainthatprocessesimages,andSchacterspeculatesthattheelectricalsignatureVossobservedhassimilarorigins.

A.Participantswereallowedtodevotetheirfullattentiontohalfoftheimages,butweredistractedbyanumbertaskwhileviewingtheremaininghalf.

B.AnearlierimagingstudyconductedbySchacterandScottSlotnick,whoisnowatBostonCollege,founddifferencesinbrainactivitywhenparticipantscorrectlyorincorrectlybelievedthattheyhadseenanimagebefore.

C.Theyfoundthatauniquesignatureappeared200millisecondsaftertheimagewasshownthatwasassociatedwithcorrect‘guessing’ofanimageoriginallyviewedwhiledistracted.

D.Whentestedontheimagestheyhadseen,participants“guessed”correctlymoreoftenthanthey“remembered”correctly.

E.Thetimeofrememberingiscrucialtothefunctioningofimplicitmemory,anditwillalsoaffectthequalityofexplicitmemory,accordingtoDr.Gabrieli.

F.Whereas“explicit”memoryisfullofthethingsweconsciouslyremember,implicitmemorycontainsmemorieswedonotrealizewehaveformed.

【答案】41.F

42.A

43.D

44.C

45.B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Participantswereallowedtodevotetheirfullattentiontohalfoftheimages,butweredistractedbyanumbertaskwhileviewingtheremaininghalf.A.参与者被允许将全部注意力集中在一半的图像上,但在观看另一半图像时被数字任务分散了注意力。

B.AnearlierimagingstudyconductedbySchacterandScottSlotnick,whoisnowatBostonCollege,founddifferencesinbrainactivitywhenparticipantscorrectlyorincorrectlybelievedthattheyhadseenanimagebefore.B.沙克特和斯科特斯洛尼克在波士顿学院进行的一项早期成像研究发现,当参与者正确或错误地认为他们之前看过一幅图像时,大脑活动存在差异。

C.Theyfoundthatauniquesignatureappeared200millisecondsaftertheimagewasshownthatwasassociatedwithcorrect“guessing”ofanimageoriginallyviewedwhiledistracted.C.在展示了与正确“猜测”分心时观看的图像相关的图像之后,他们发现一个独特的信号出现了200毫秒。

D.Whentestedontheimagestheyhadseen,participants“guessed”correctlymoreoftenthanthey“remembered”correctly.

D.在测试他们看到的图片时,参与者“猜测”正确的次数比“记住”正确的次数多。

E.Thetimeofrememberingiscrucialtothefunctioningofimplicitmemory,anditwillalsoaffectthequalityofexplicitmemory,accordingtoDr.Gabrieli.E.加布里埃利博士说,记忆的时间对内隐记忆的功能至关重要,它也会影响外显记忆的质量。

F.Whereas“explicit”memoryisfullofthethingsweconsciouslyremember,implicitmemorycontainsmemorieswedonotrealizewehaveformed.F.“外显”记忆充满了我们有意识地记住的东西,而“内隐”记忆则包含我们没有意识到已经形成的记忆。

41.空格前一句提到了“implicit”memory(内隐记忆),所以推测下一句是关于内隐记忆的内容,该空格填入F项“‘外显’记忆充满了我们有意识地记住的东西,而‘内隐’记忆则包含我们没有意识到已经形成的记忆”符合语义。

42.这一段描述的是实验内容,空格前提到“沃斯向12个人展示了一系列千变万化的图像”,后一句说到“这种分散注意力的行为使人们更难有意识地记住这些图片”,可推测,中间空格这一句说的是实验中参与者被分散注意力的描述,因此,A项“参与者被允许将全部注意力集中在一半的图像上,但在观看另一半图像时被数字任务分散了注意力”符合。

43.空格前一句提到“猜测似乎并不总是猜测”,可推测空格句是要解释上一句,根据关键词guess可知,D项“在测试他们看到的图片时,参与者‘猜测’正确的次数比‘记住’正确的次数多”符合。

44.空格前一句提到“沃斯还测量了受试者完成测试时大脑电信号(electricalsignals)的变化”,根据其中的关键词electricalsignals(电信号)可推测,下一句是描述对这种信号的发现,C项符合。因此该题选择C项“在展示了与正确‘猜测’分心时观看的图像相关的图像之后,他们发现一个独特的信号出现了200毫秒”。

45.空格前一句提到“沙克特的研究结果惊人”,推测空格处是要阐述这一研究结果,而下一句中提到了一个关键词Thosedifferences(这些差异),可知研究结果和差异有关系,只有B项“沙克特和斯科特斯洛尼克在波士顿学院进行的一项早期成像研究发现,当参与者正确或错误地认为他们之前看过一幅图像时,大脑活动存在差异”符合。

23.单选题

Thesceneissobeautifulthatit(

)mypowerofdescription.

问题1选项

A.ascends

B.descends

C.transcends

D.overtakes

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项ascend“攀登,上升”;B选项descend“下降”;C选项transcend“胜过,超越”;D选项overtake“赶上,压倒”。句意:这景色太美了,我无法形容。也就是超出了描述的能力,所以选项C符合句意。

24.单选题

I()thejusticeandfoughtagainstcorruptionatmybest.

问题1选项

A.confirmed

B.upheld

C.overwhelmed

D.established

【答案】B

【解析】confirmed确认,坚定;uphold支持,维护;overwhelmed压倒,淹没;established制定,建立。句意:我维护正义,尽我最大的努力与腐败作斗争。选项B符合句意。

25.单选题

Reductioninoverseasgovernmentexpendituretookplace,but(

)andmoregraduallythannowseemsdesirable.

问题1选项

A.reluctantly

B.unwittingly

C.impulsively

D.anxiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。reluctantly“不情愿地”;unwittingly“不知不觉地”;impulsively“有推动力的”;anxiously“不安地,忧虑地”。句意:海外政府开支有所减少,但是比现在所期望的要勉强并且缓慢。选项A符合题意。

26.翻译题

HonestyandReputation

AJapaneseproverbofferswisdomforthosewhowouldconsidercheatinganother:thereputationofathousandyearsisdeterminedbytheconductofonehour.Inbusiness,thetreatmentweextendtoothers,whethercustomers,suppliers,orshareholders,comesbacktohelpusortohauntus.

Nestle,aninternationalfoodproductionfirm,madethedecisionin1970tomarketinfantformulainThird-Worldnations.Nestlewasthefirstandonlyinfantformulamanufacturertoenterthesemarkets.WhiletherewasnothingillegalaboutmarketinginfantformulainAfricannations,therewasanissueofhonesty.Inthesecountries,eveninsituationswheremothersaremalnourished,mother’smilkremainspediatricians’preferredmethodofnutritionforseveralreasons:(1)thelackofrefrigerationforunused,cannedformula;(2)thelackofpurewaterformixingpoweredinfantformula;(3)thelackofknowledgeabouttherisksofdilutingthericher-lookingformulatotheconsistencyofmother’smilk;and(4)thelackoffundsforthep

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