考研考博-英语-中南财经政法大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中南财经政法大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Iintendtomovethatourcommittee（）Jimaschairman,andIhopethatyouwillsecondmymotion.

问题1选项

A.willappoint

B.appoints

C.appoint

D.appointed

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Move在这里表示（在会上）提议、建议。在表建议、命令、要求和愿望的动词后面，宾语从句要用虚拟语气:should+动词原形的用法，should可省略。选项C正确。句意：我提议委员会任命Jim为主席，我希望你能支持我的建议。

2.翻译题

1.NaggingconcernsabouttheglobaleconomicdownturnandrisingunemploymentareforcingmanyyoungBritonstothinktwiceabouttyingtheknotthisyear,athink-tanksaidonSaturday.

Almost80percentofyoungBritishcoupleslivingtogetherwanttogetmarried,thethinktankCivitassaid,butwouldreconsidertheirweddingplansduetoincreasingjoblossesascompaniescutcostsandlayoffworkers.

2.“Astherecessionbitesit’sgoingtobeharderforpartnerstomakethatcommitment—withoutfinancialstabilityandjobstheywon’thavetheconfidencetosay‘Ido’,”thedirectoroffamilyandeducationatCivitas,said.

Thestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostThestudy,whichsurveyed1,560adultsagedbetween20to35,alsofoundthatfor50percentofthepeoplemakingacommitmentwasthemostimportantreasontogetmarried,andonlytwopercentconsideredmarriagefortaxadvantages.

“Ifmyboyfriendaskedmenow,thenIwouldstillsay‘yes’,butIwouldn’twastemymoneyforahigh-profilewedding,”JennyBrown,anemployeeworksinLondon’scentralfinancialdistrict.

ButDeWaalsaidtherecessionwouldhaveaseriousimpactonplanningalifetogether.

“Thisisnotaboutbeingabletoaffordafancyweddingdressfor10,000poundsornot.”

3.ABritishSocialAttitudessurveyinJanuaryfoundthatyoungpeopleshowedalesstraditionalattitudetowardsmarriageandwouldputtheircareersfirst.

About40percentofpeopleagedbetween18to34saidmarriagewasstillthe“bestkindofrelationship,”comparedwith84percentofpeopleaged65andover,itsaid.

【答案】1.英国一家智库机构上周六称，对全球经济衰退的担忧和不断上升的失业率让英国很多年轻人不得不重新考虑结婚计划。

2.Civitas家庭和教育事务主管阿纳斯塔西娅•德瓦尔说：“受经济衰退的影响，下决心结婚也将变得更加困难，没有稳定的收入和工作，人们没有信心说‘我愿意’”。

3.今年1月开展的一项“英国社会态度”调查发现，年轻人对婚姻的态度已经不那么传统了，他们倾向于将职业发展放在首位。

3.单选题

Sellertakestheviewthatwomenwhouncriticallyadoptphilosophicalconceptionsofknowledgemayfindthemselvessaddledwithconsequencesthatare（）theirperceptionsoftheworldandtheirpolitics.

问题1选项

A.atoddswith

B.overtheoddsfor

C.againstalloddswith

D.withintheoddsfor

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。atoddswith“意见不一致”，没有B、C和D选项的搭配。句意：塞勒认为，那些不加批判地接受哲学知识观念的女性，可能会发现自己背负着与她们对世界和政治的看法不一致的结果。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Weneedtomakesurethatwe（）ourresourcesasfullyaspossible.

问题1选项

A.use

B.exploit

C.employ

D.explore

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。use“使用”；exploit“开发，开拓”；employ“雇用”；explore“探索，探测”。句意：我们需要确保尽可能全面开发我们的资源。选项B符合题意。

5.问答题

Aconflict(A)wagedtoensurethesurvivalofthehuman(B)speciesisboundtobringhumansclosertogether.Technologicalprogresshasthusprovedtobeadouble-edgedsword,(C)givingrisetoanewformofconflict:a(D)crashbetweenManandNature.

【答案】D；“crash”改为“clash”。

【解析】考查名词。句意：为确保人类生存而进行的斗争必然会使人类更紧密地结合在一起。因此，技术进步被证明是一把双刃剑，引发了一种新的冲突形式:人与自然的冲突。名词“crash”作名词时词义为“（交通工具）坠毁，碰撞声”，而句意为“人与自然的矛盾冲突”，所以将名词“crash”改为“clash”。

6.单选题

Hiscareerwasnotnoticeably（

）bythefactthathehadneverbeentocollege.

问题1选项

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.hindered

D.refrained

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。prevent“防止”；restrain“抑制，阻止”；hinder“阻碍”；refrain“抑制，自制，避免”。句意：他的事业没有因为他没上过大学而受到明显的障碍。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Mothersandmatchmakershavealwaysknownthatnotbeingmoniedisadefinitehealthhazard.ButwhenateamofresearchfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,reportedafewweeksagothatmiddle-agedmenwithoutwiveswereactuallytwiceaslikelytodieduringa10-yearspanasmenwithwives,theespousedandthespouselessalikestoppedtotakenotice.Itwasthekindofnewsthatsweptthroughofficesandwateringholes—anditmadepeoplefeelsmugandanxious,dependingontheircircumstances.Nowtheresearcherswhoconductedthestudyaretryingtofindoutwhataccountedforthedramaticdifferencesinsurvivalrates.

Theinvestigators,headedbyUCSFassociateprofessorofepidemiologyandbiostatisticsMaradeeA.Davis,hadsetcuttoexaminetheeffectofvariouslivingarrangementsonmortality.Becauseofthebutteringsocialsupportmarriageisknowntoprovide.Davisandhercolleaguesfullyexpectedtofindthatmenandwomendwellingalonefaredworstinsurvivalrates.Itcameassomesurprise,however,thatintheirstudypopulation,subjectswhosharedlivingquarterswithpeopleotherthanaspousehadthesamelowersurvivalratesasthosewholivedbythemselves."Thecriticalfactor,"Davissays,"seemstobethepresenceofaspouse."

Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouselesswerefoundprimarilyinmenwhowerewidowed,separatedordivorced,ratherthaninthosewhohadneverbeenmarried.Davisandhercolleagueshavealreadyeliminatedcertainhealthfactorsascausesofhighermortalitybyadjustingtheirdatatodiscounttheeffectsofsmoking,alcoholconsumption,obesityandlackofexercise.Nowtheywilllookmorecloselyatavarietyofotherconsiderations,suchasbloodpressure,cholestericlevelsandchronicillnesses.

Whilemanymiddle-agedmennowknowthedifferencebetweenacheesegraterandagarlicpress,nutritionmaystillaccountforsomeoftheCaliforniastudy'sfindings.PreviousresearchbyDavis'teamshowedthatunmarriedman-eveniftheylivedwithotherpeople—atelesshealthydietsthanmarriedme.'Traditionalsexroleshavemeantthatmenaren'taswellinformedaswomenaboutnutritionalshoppingandfoodpreparation,"saysDavis.

Emotionalandsocialfactorsprobablyalsoplayedaroleinhighermortalityamongthespouselessmen.TheSanFranciscoresearcherswillexaminearandomlyselectedsubgroupoftheirstudypopulationformoredetailedmedicaldata,andthey'lllookatatraittheycall“generalwell-being.”Thisfocusesonsubjectivelyreportedfeelingsandmoods,ratherthanspecificpsychologicalsymptoms.Theresearcherswillanalyzequestionnairesthataskedhowfrequentlythemenfeltworried,nervousorpoorlyrested.Buttheteamwillalsolookatthecausesofdeath;ifthemenwithoutwivesshowhigherratesofsuicideorfatalaccidents,it'slikelythatemotionalstresscontributedtotheirhighermortalityrate.

Davishasalreadydiscoveredthatthemarriedmenreportedasignificantlyhigherlevelofwell-beingthanthosewhoweren'tmarried.Soperhapstheexplanationfortheirlongersurvivalisn'treallysocomplicated.Becausetheyarecaredforbynurturingwives,theyjustplainlyfeelhappierthantheotherguysdo.Andwhatbetterreasonistherethanthatforstayingalive?

1.Whenresearchersreportedthatmiddle-agedmenwithoutwivesweretwiceaslikelytodieduringa10-yearspanasmenwithwives（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,aman（）waslikelytohavethelowestsurvivalrates.

3.Theword"discount"(line4ofparagraph3)mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Theword"this"inline4ofparagraph5refersto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.peoplefeltbothpleasedandworried

B.peoplefeltsoshockedthattheytoldoneanotheraboutthenews

C.peoplefeltthattheoldsaying"Nonewsisgoodnews"isreallytrue

D.peopleunderdifferentcircumstancesreacteddifferentlytoit

问题2选项

A.whowaswidowed,separatedordivorced

B.whohadneverbeenmarried

C.whowaslivingwithhiswife

D.whosharedlivingquarterswithpeople

问题3选项

A.overlook

B.understate

C.discontent

D.overstate

问题4选项

A.highermortality

B.arandomlyselectedsubgroup

C.atrait

D.moredetailedmedicaldata

问题5选项

A.ForaLongerLife,TakeaWife.

B.ANewSurveyonSurvivalRates.

C.TheEspousedandtheSpouseless.

D.LivingArrangementsandMortality

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段倒数第二句“Itwasthekindofnewsthatsweptthroughofficesandwateringholes—anditmadepeoplefeelsmugandanxious,dependingontheircircumstances.”这类新闻席卷了办公室和酒吧,人们既高兴又焦虑,当然这取决于他们所处的环境。选项D符合原文。

2.根据第三段第一句“Thelowersurvivalratesforthespouselesswerefoundprimarilyinmenwhowerewidowed,separatedordivorced,ratherthaninthosewhohadneverbeenmarried.”无配偶者的存活率较低,主要是丧偶、分居或离婚的男性,而非从未结过婚的男性。所以选项A符合原文。

3.根据原文句意：Davis和她的同事们已经通过调整他们的数据,排除了某些健康因素作为高死亡率的原因,对吸烟、饮酒、肥胖和缺乏锻炼等影响忽略不计。由此可推断,选项A与“discount”意思相近。

4.根据原文句意：他们将研究一种他们称之为“总体幸福感”的特征。这个特征是主观产生的感觉和情绪,而不是具体的心理症状。由此可知,“this”指代是上句提到的“trait”。选项C正确。

5.结合全文内容可知,本文首先介绍了婚姻状况与死亡率密切相关,通过进一步调查发现死亡率与其他生活方式也有关联,由此可知,选项D最能概括全文。

8.单选题

Althoughthemaincharactersinthefictionaresotruetolife,theyarecertainly（）.

问题1选项

A.imagining

B.imaginative

C.imaginable

D.imaginary

【答案】D

【解析】句意:尽管这部小说中的主要人物如此贴近生活，但是他们确实是虚构的。

考查形容词辨析。imagining(imagine的现在分词)猜想，臆断；imaginative虚构的，富于想象的，有创造力的;imaginable可能的，可想象的；imaginary虚构的，想象的。根据句意“尽管这部小说中的主要人物如此贴近生活”可知D符合句意。

9.单选题

Anestheticsaresubstances（）todeadenpainorproduceaconditioninwhichsomeorallofthesenses,especiallytouch,stopfunctioningorarereduced.

问题1选项

A.diverted

B.enforced

C.exercised

D.administered

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。divert"转移"；enforce"实施，执行"，常指法律的实施；exercise"运动，练习"；administer"管理，作为治疗或药物使用"。句意：麻醉药是一种用来镇痛的物质，或者使部分或全部感觉，尤其是触觉，停止运行，或降低运行。administer可以用来指药物的实施。所以选项D正确。

10.单选题

Withinthatexclusivegroupofliterarycharacterswhohavesurvivedthroughthecenturies—fromHamlettoHuckleberryFinn-fewcanrivaltheculturalimpactofSherlockHolmes.Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks.

AtHolmes'side,ofcourse,washistrustedfriendDr.Watson.Loomingevenlarger,however,wasanotherdoctor,onewhosemedicalpracticewassoslowitallowedhimplentyoftimetopursuehisliteraryambition.Hisname:ArthurConanDoyle.Asthecreatorofthesefictionalicons,ConanDoylehashimselfbecomesomethingofacultfigure,theobjectofcountlesscriticalstudies,biographiesandfanclubs.

ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife.Therewasneverenoughmoney;theymovedfrequentlyinsearchoflowerrents;andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholicwhohadtobeinstitutionalized.Yettheearlylettershewrotetohismotheraresurprisinglyoptimistic,concernedmainlywithfood,clothes,allowancesandschoolwork.At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud's,wherehewas"delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers."

Asuperbstudent,ConanDoylewentontomedicalschool,wherehewasattractedbyDr.JosephBell,aprofessorwithanuncannyabilitytodiagnosepatientsevenbeforetheyopenedtheirmouths.ForatimeheworkedasBell'soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman'sprofession,orhowaquicklookataskinrashtoldBellthatthepatienthadoncelivedinBermuda.In1886,ConanDoyleoutlinedhisfirstnovel,AStudyinScarlet,whichhedescribedas"asimpletaleofmysterytomakealittleextramoney."Itsmaincharacter,initiallycalledSherringfordHopeandlatercalledSherlockHolmes,wasbasedlargelyonBell.ButHolmes'firstappearancewentalmostunnoticed,andthestrugglingdoctordevotednearlyallofhissparetimetowritinglonghistoricalnovelsinthestyleofSirWalterScott—novelsthathewasconvincedwouldmakehisreputation.Itwasn'ttobe.In1888,HolmesreappearedinAScandalinBohemia，ashortstoryinStrandMagazine.Andthistime,itsherotookanimmediatehitandConanDoyle'slifewouldneverbethesame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTproperindescribingSherlockHolmes?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutConanDoyleandhisfamily?

3.ConanDoylefelt（）abouthisfirstvisittoLondon.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

5.ConanDoyle'sshortstory"AScandalinBohemia"turnedouttobe（）atlast.

问题1选项

A.Sociable

B.Rational

C.Cunning

D.Intelligent

问题2选项

A.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.

B.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

C.Hisfatherwasaddictedtodrinking.

D.TheyledahardlifeinEdinburgh.

问题3选项

A.awful

B.pleasant

C.memorable

D.horrible

问题4选项

A.themorecallusesapersonhas,themoreprofessionalhewouldbe

B.writersoftenbasetheirwritingonpersonalexperiences

C.inspirationwasveryimportantforapersontocreatesomething

D.ConanDoylehasgonethroughaperiodofhardshiponhiswaytosuccess

问题5选项

A.ridiculous

B.powerful

C.successful

D.frustrating

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问：下列哪一项不适合描述夏洛克•福尔摩斯？根据原文第一段第二句“Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks”可知，福尔摩斯的形象是：有着弯曲烟斗和喜好可卡因的绅士，善于演绎推理和精心伪装的大师，并且在犯罪文学、电影、电视、漫画和漫画书中都留下了印记。由此可知，B、C、D选项均属于对福尔摩斯人物的描述，但原文并未提及他的社交方面，由此可判断B选项错误。故本题正确答案为A选项。

2.细节事实题。题干询问：下列对柯南道尔和他的家庭描述中哪一项表述不正确？根据原文第三段可知，柯南道尔出生于爱丁堡一个中产阶级家庭，生活并不轻松，钱总是不够用，还得经常搬家。他的父亲是个公务员兼插画家，还是个酒鬼，不得不送去了收容机构。由此可判断A、C、D选项描述均正确。在原文中并没有过多提到福尔摩斯的母亲，只提到他早期给母亲写过信，因此无从判断他母亲接受教育的情况。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

3.细节事实题。题干询问：柯南道尔对第一次伦敦之行感到……。根据题干关键信息“hisfirstvisittoLondon”可定位到原文第三段最后一句，作者用到了“unforgettable”来描述，由此可知这段旅行应该是“难忘的”。故本题正确答案为C选项。

4.推理判断题。题干询问：由文章最后一段可推断得出……。原文最后一段讲述的是柯南道尔经历了种种失败和挫折后最后取得成功的故事。由此可以判断D选项表述正确。由原文最后一段第二句“ForatimeheworkedasBell'soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman'sprofession…”可知，老茧的位置可以揭示一个人的职业，但并不表示老茧越多，他就越专业，可判断A选项表述错误。原文只是提到柯南道尔的其中一部文学作品是以Bell医生为原型，但无法得出作家经常以个人经历作为写作基础，可排除B选项。C选项“灵感对于个人创作非常重要”不能由原文最后一段推断得出，也可排除。故本题正确答案为D选项。

5.推理判断题。题干询问：柯南•道尔的短篇小说《波西米亚丑闻》最终被证明是（）。根据题干关键信息定位到原文最后一段最后两句。由原文信息可知，1888年，福尔摩斯在Strand杂志上刊登了短篇小说《波西米亚丑闻》，这篇小说的男主角风靡一时，柯南道尔的人生也因此发生了变化。由此可以判断，柯南道尔的小说最后大获成功。本题正确答案为C选项

11.单选题

Hislicensehasbeen____owingtohisdrunkendriving.

问题1选项

A.demanded

B.charged

C.suspended

D.recognized

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.demanded要求；需要B.charged要价；收费；指控；冲

C.suspended暂停；使暂停使用D.recognized承认；意识到

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格部分的语义为“他的驾照被____”，后文提到“因为他酒驾”，根据句意可推断，他因为酒后驾驶，被吊销了驾照。因此，C选项suspended“暂停；使暂停使用”符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】因为酒后驾驶，他的驾照被吊销了。

12.单选题

Itisdoubtfulthatshehas（）theroleofthePrimeMinisterinBritishpolitics.

问题1选项

A.Transplanted

B.transferred

C.transported

D.transformed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项transplanted“移植；转移”，B选项transferred“转让；转接；移交”，C选项transported“运输；流放”，D选项transformed“改变（尤指角色），使……变形”；题干：她是否（）英国政坛首相的角色令人怀疑。根据剩下的题意可以判断指她是否改变了英国政治中首相的角色值得怀疑。

13.单选题

Thebanditsdemandedthatoneofthetravelersshouldstaywiththemasa（

）.

问题1选项

A.humanitarian

B.horn

C.host

D.hostage

【答案】D

【解析】humanitarian人道主义者,慈善家；horn触角,号角；host主持人；hostage人质,抵押品。句意:歹徒要求其中一名旅客作为人质待在他们身边。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

Comte'sphilosophicalsuccessor,whocarriedonbothhisphenomenalistandpresentationalistphilosophyintothesocialarenaofpoliticsandethics,wasJohnStuartMill.ButfirstwemustturntoanevengreaterinfluenceonMill'sviews,oneoftheleadingradicalreformersofthenineteenthcentury,JeremyBentham.

BorninLondon,thesonofaleadingattorney,BenthamwasachildprodigywhobeganstudyinghistoryandLatinattheageofthree.AttwelveheenteredQueen'sCollegeinOxfordandearnedhisB.A.inthreeyearsandhisM.A.twoyearslaterattheageofseventeen.Hisfatherexpectedhimtobecomeapracticinglawyer,butBenthamwasfarmoreinterestedinthephilosophicalfoundationsofethics,morality,andlegaltheory.HetraveledwidelythroughoutEuropeandwrotehisfirstessayoneconomicsinRussia.In1792hebecameacitizenofFrance.

Bentham'smainphilosophicalinfluenceswereLockeandHume.WhenhereadHume'sTreatiseandHumanNaturehesaiditwasasifscalesfellfromeyes.Hewentontopublishseveralbooksonpoliticalandlegaltheory,butitwashisIntroductiontothePrinciplesofMoralsandLegislationthatmadehimapowerfulandinfluentialinternationalfigure.InhisPrincipleshelaidthegroundworkforutilitarianism;asdevelopedbyMill(whomweshallconsiderinthenextsection),histheoryisstilltodayoneoftheleadingmoraltheoriesintheworld.

Benthamdefineshisprincipleofutilityas"thatpropertyinanyobjectwherebyittendstoproducepleasure,goodorhappiness,ortopreventthehappeningofmischief,pain,evilorunhappinesstothepartywhoseinterestisconsidered".AccordingtoBentham,thisprincipletakesaccountofthetwomainmotivesforallhumanaction—painandpleasure.Governments,social,politicalandlegalinstitutions,aswellasindividualcitizens,shouldfollowtheGreatestHappinessPrinciple:choosethatcourseofactionthatleadstothegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.Hisutilitarianism,designedtofreepeoplefromoppressivelawsandtomakegoverningbodiesmoral,providedafoundationtomanydemocraticsocieties.Sinceleadersaswellasindividualsarethusmorallyboundtofollowthesameuniversalprincipleandonethatisreadilyaccessibletoeveryone—weallknowwhatpainandpleasureare—therecanbenomanipulation,throughrhetoric,oftheweakbythepowerful.InBentham'ssystemweareeachourownbestjudgeastohowbesttoliveandattainhappiness.

Heopenlycalledfortherejectionofallmonarchiesandestablishedchurches,claimingthat"allgovernmentisinitselfonevastevil."Theonlyjustificationforputtingsuchevilintoplacewouldbetopreventsomegreaterevil;governmentsshouldthereforeneverstrayfromtheprincipleofutility—thegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.AmongBentham'smanydisciples,themostfamousisJohnStuartMill,whofurtherdevelopedutilitarianismbutalongratherdifferentlines.

1.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"scalesfellfromeyes"inthethirdparagraph?

2.WhichofthefollowingcanbestexplainthequotesinthefourthparagraphofBentham'sdefinitionofprincipleofutility?

3.HowdidBenthaminfluencetheworldaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Hiseyeswerefulloftears.

B.Hiseyesbecamesmaller.

C.Hewasenlightened.

D.Hecouldseeclearly.

问题2选项

A.Utilitycanberegardedasaqualitywhichislikelytobringhappinessorstoptheoccurrenceofunhappinesstointerestedparties.

B.Utilityisakindofpossessionbywhichconcernedpeoplecangethappinessandavoidunhappiness.

C.Theprincipleofutilityistheprincipleofthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.

D.Theprincipleofutilityisthebeliefthatthevalueofathingoranactionisdeterminedbyitsutility.

问题3选项

A.Heinfluencedthephilosophersinthewholeworld.

B.Hecontributedtooverthrowingallthemonarchiesandchurches.

C.Histheoryhaschangedthemoralvalueofthemodemworld.

D.Themoralfoundationtomanymoderndemocraciestracesbacktohistheory.

问题4选项

A.BenthamhadgreatinfluenceonLockeandHume,aswellasonMill.

B.BothBenthamandMillwereComte'sphilosophicalsuccessors.

C.Bentham'sfatherwasdisappointedthathedidn'tbecomeanattorney.

D.BenthamcontributedmorethanMilltothefoundationofutilitarianism.

问题5选项

A.TheintroductionofJohnStuartMill.

B.TheintroductionofComte.

C.TheintroductionofHume.

D.Theintroductionofutilitarianism.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句，“Bentham'smainphilosophicalinfluenceswereLockeandHume.WhenhereadHume'sTreatiseandHumanNaturehesaiditwasasifscalesfellfromeyes.”，可知边沁的主要哲学影响是Locke和Hume。当他读到Hume的《论人的本性》时，他说这就像从眼睛上掉下来的鳞片。可判断出Hume给他带来了很大的影响。选项C符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第四段，“…shouldfollowtheGreatestHappinessPrinciple:choosethatcourseofactionthatleadstothegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumberofpeople.”，可知它遵循最大的幸福原则：选择能为大多数人带来最大幸福的行动方式。可判断出效用原则是为大多数人带来最大幸福的原则。选项C符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第四段，“Hisutilitarianism,designedtofreepeoplefromoppressivelawsandtomakegoverningbodiesmoral,providedafoundationtomanydemocraticsocieties.”，可知他的功利主义，旨在将人民从压迫性的法律中解放出来，并使管理机构具有道德，为许多民主社会提供了基础。可判断出许多现代民主国家的道德基础可以追溯到他的理论。选项D符合题意。

4.根据文章第三段，“Bentham'smainphilosophicalinfluenceswereLockeandHume.”，可知边沁的哲学思想受到了Locke和Hume的影响，并没有受到Mill的影响，选项A不符合文意，可排除。根据史实，Bentham的思想先于Comte产生，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，提到边沁的父亲希望他成为律师，只是阐述了事实，并没有提及父亲的想法和情感。选项C可排除。选项D符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章最后一句，“AmongBentham'smanydisciples,themostfamousisJohnStuartMill,whofurtherdevelopedutilitarianismbutalongratherdifferentlines.”，可知在边沁的众多弟子中，最著名的是约翰•斯图亚特•密尔，他进一步发展了功利主义，但却走了截然不同的路。可判断出下文最可能继续介绍Mill以及他的主要思想。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

（

）drillsthathavenorealtopichavetoremainastheyare.

问题1选项

A.Manufacture

B.Manipulative

C.Manipulate

D.Manifest

【答案】B

【解析】考察形似词词义辨析。manufacture“制造”；manipulative“操作的；控制的”；manipulate“操纵”；manifest“显然的；明显的”。句意：没有实际主题的操作性训练只能保持原样。选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Thevillagemovedfurtherandfurtherawayfromthecity；asaresult,linkswiththeoutsidecommunityhave（）.

问题1选项

A.withered

B.shortened

C.sheared

D.reduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。wither“枯萎凋谢（一般指植物）”；shorten“变短（一般指距离）”；reduce“减少”。本句意为“农村距离城市越来越远，因此，与外界的联系也会减少”，与外界联系减少用reduce。因此选D。

17.单选题

Thereare______approachestoEnglishteachingHutnotallofthemareequallyefficientforourChinesestudents.

问题1选项

A.originate

B.diverse

C.double

D.joint

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项originate“起源；创建”；B选项diverse“多种多样的”；C选项double“两倍的；成双的；双人的”；D选项joint“联合的”。句意：英语教学的方法______，但并不是所有的方法对我们的中国学生都同样有效。根据不是所有的方法都有效，可知有很多种方法，B选项diverse“多种多样的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

18.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

互联网是20世纪最重大的科技发明之一，将深刻地影响人类社会文明进程。目前，全世界网民数量达到30亿，普及率达到40%，全球范围内实现了网络互联、信息互通，世界真正变成了地球村。本次大会回应了国际社会的关切，对于推动全球互联网均衡、安全、可持续发展，更好发挥互联网在世界经济社会发展中的重要作用，促进各国人民共享互联网发展成果，增进人类福祉，具有十分重要的意义。

【答案】TheInternet,oneofthemostimportantscientificandtechnologicalinventionsofthe20thcentury,willhaveaprofoundimpactontheprogressofhumancivilization.Atpresent,thenumberofInternetusersaroundtheworldhasreached3billion,andtheInternetpopularityratehasreached40%.Internetconnectivityandinformationexchangehavebeenachievedaroundtheworldandtheworldhastrulybecomeaglobalvillage.Thisconferencerespondstotheconcernsoftheinternationalcommunityandisofgreatsignificanceforpromotingthebalance,secureandsustainabledevelopmentoftheglobalInternet,givingfullplaytotheimportantroleoftheInternetintheworld’seconomicandsocialdevelopment,enablingpeopleofallcountriestosharethefruitsofInternetdevelopmentandimprovingthewell-beingofmankind.

19.单选题

Farmersinthedevelopingworldhatepricefluctuations.Itmakesithardtoplanahead.Butmostofthemhavelittlechoice:theysellatthepricethemarketsets.FarmersinEurope,theUSandJapanareluckier:theyreceivemassivegovernmentsubsidiesintheformofguaranteedpricesordirecthandouts.LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmericanfarmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledtoget,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.Bushsaidthestepwasnecessaryto“promotefarmerindependenceandpreservethefarmwayoflifeforgenerations”.ItisalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember’smid-termelections.

Agriculturalproductioninmostpoorcountriesaccountsforupto50%ofGDP,comparedtoonly3%inrichcountries.Butmostfarmersinpoorcountriesgrowjustenoughforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.ThosewhotryexportingtotheWestfindtheirgoodswhackedwithhugetariffsorcompetingagainstcheapersubsidizedgoods.In1999theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentconcludedthanforeachdollardevelopingcountriesreceiveinaidtheyloseupto$14justbecauseoftradebarriersimposedontheexportoftheirmanufacturedgoods.It’snotasifthedevelopingworldwantsanyfavors,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda'sMinisterofFinance.“Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.”

AgricultureisoneofthefewareasinwhichtheThirdWorldcancompete.Landandlaborarecheap,andasfanningmethodsdevelop,newtechnologiesshouldimproveoutput.Thisisnopie-in-the-skyspeculation.ThebiggestsuccessinKenva’seconomyoverthepastdecadehasbeentheboominexportsofcutflowersandvegetablestoEurope.Butthatmayallchangein2008,whenKenyawillbeslightlytoorichtoqualifyforthe“least-developedcountry”statusthatallowsAfricanproducerstoavoidpayingstiffEuropeanimportdutiesonselectedagriculturalproducts.Withtradebarriersinplace,thehorticultureindustryinKenyawillshrivelasquicklyasdiscardedrose.Andwhileagricultureexportsremainthegreathopeforpoorcountries,reducingtradebarriersinothersectorsalsoworks:AfricanGrowthandOpportunityAct,whichcutsdutiesonexportsofeverythingfromhandicraftstoshoes,hasprovedaboontoAfrica’smanufacturers.Thelesson:theThirdWorldcanprosperiftherichworldgivesitafairgo.

ThisiswhatmakesBush’sdecisiontoincreasefarmsubsidieslastmonthallthemoredepressing.Poorcountrieshavelongsuspectedthattherichworldurgestradeliberalizationonlysoitcanwangleitswayintonewmarkets.SuchsuspicionscausedtheSeattletradetalkstobreakdownthreeyearsago.ButlastNovembermembersoftheWorldTradeOrganization,meetinginDoha.Qatar,finallyagreedtoanewroundoftalksdesignedtoopenupglobaltradeinagricultureandtextiles.Richcountriesassuredpoorcountriesthattheirconcernswerefinallybeingaddressed.Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.

1.Bycomparison,farmers（

）receivemoregovernmentsubsidiesthanother.

2.Inadditiontotheeconomicconsiderations,thereisa（

）motivebehindBush’s