考研考博-英语-中央美术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中央美术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ItwouldappearthatKennedypursuedapolicyattimesmorerigidthanthatofEisenhower,thathefearedChinamoreintenselyandthatheplacatedChiangKai-shekmoreassiduously.

问题1选项

A.provascularly

B.arbitratively

C.formidably

D.sedulously

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义副词辨析。A选项provascularly和B选项arbitratively形式的副词不存在；C选项formidably“强大地；难对付地；可怕地”；D选项sedulously“孜孜不倦地；勤勉地”。句意：肯尼迪奉行的政策有时似乎比艾森豪威尔的更为严格，他更害怕中国，更积极地安抚蒋介石。assiduously“刻苦地；勤勉地”，D选项与该词词意最相近，因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace,（

）thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.

问题1选项

A.Therefore

B.Furthermore

C.Accordingly

D.Nevertheless

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。therefore“因此，所以”；furthermore“此外，而且”；accordingly“因此，于是”；nevertheless“然而”。句意：伦敦马拉松赛是一场艰难的比赛，然而每年有数千人参加。根据前后句关系可知D项正确，答案D

3.论述题

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark’'Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass"Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.PutyouressayonAnswerSheet.PartICloze

【答案】略

4.单选题

We'vejustinstalledafan（

）tocookingsmellsfromthekitchen.

问题1选项

A.eject

B.expel

C.exclude

D.exile

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。eject“喷射，驱逐”；expel“驱逐”；exclude“排除，排出”；exile“放逐，流放”。句意：我们刚刚安装了一台风扇来排出厨房的烟气。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

IthasbeenaterribleafternoonforJane______ataboutsixo’clockinherfather’ssuddencollapseintounconsciousness.

问题1选项

A.converging

B.culminating

C.finalizing

D.releasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项converging“合并，汇聚”；B选项culminating“（以某种结果）告终；（在某一点）结束”，culminatein/withsth.；C选项finalizing“把（计划、旅行、项目等）最后定下来；定案”；D选项releasing“释放”。句意：对简来说，那是一个可怕的下午，她父亲在______六点钟左右陷入昏迷。B选项culminating“（以某种结果）告终；（在某一点）结束”符合语境中6点钟左右，意指这个下午的可怕在以父亲在6点左右陷入昏迷告终。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Reachingadealontaxreformwouldbeahugeundertaking,（）withpotentialpoliticalpitfallsthatcoulddoomit.

问题1选项

A.trite

B.rife

C.reveling

D.trifling

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。trite“陈腐的，平庸的”；rife“普遍的，流行的”；reveling“陶醉的”；trifling“微不足道的”。句意：就税收改革达成协议是一项艰巨的任务，通常会充满潜在的政治风险，可能会使其失败。又根据固定搭配rifewith“充满，充斥着”。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

9.

问题1选项

A.Toasklocalpeopleforhelp.

B.TodoasRomansdoonlywheninRome.

C.Trytoactlikethepeoplefromthatculture.

D.Staywithyourcountryfellow.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Mostpeoplefeelcultureshockwhentravelingtoaforeignculture.

M:That’sforsure.ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo.

Q:Accordingtotheman,whatarepeoplesupposedtodowhentravelingtoaforeignculture?

【解析】固定词组。男士说：ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo。doasRomansdo的含义是“入乡随俗”。

8.单选题

（）asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.

问题1选项

A.Beingpublished

B.Published

C.Publishing

D.Tobepublished

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。考查倒装句。前后句子是转折关系，“…asitwasatsuchatime”为as引导的倒装句作让步状语从句，因此as前应该是动词publish的过去分词形式，故选B。句意：尽管在如此一个时间被出版，但是他的作品却引起了很多关注。

9.单选题

Manyboysandgirls______togetherroundthefireandsangsongs.

问题1选项

A.clustered

B.clattered

C.clutched

D.cluttered

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项cluster“使聚集，聚集在某人的周围”，B项clatter“发出哗啦声，喧闹的谈笑”，C项clutch“紧握，（因害怕或痛苦）突然抓住”，D项clutter“使凌乱，胡乱地填满”。根据关键信息togetherroundthefireandsangsongs“一起围着火堆唱歌”可知，空格处填入A项符合句子语境。句意：许多男孩和女孩聚集在火堆周围唱歌。因此，该题选择A项正确。

10.单选题

Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanight,butalotofusgetbyjustfineonless,andsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke—probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozingsoundly.

Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residentsarefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeaneurosurgeon,itwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstride,confidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare.Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessness,aperson’smotorperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiously,surgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.

“Icouldtellyouhorrorstories,”saysJaysAgrawal,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociation,whichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying.“Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours,”onewrites.“Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.”

“PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork,”writesanother.“Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars...Anotherhita‘Jerseybarrier’ontheNewJerseyTurnpike,going65m.p.h.”“Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy,”writesathird,becausetheyare“theonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep.”

Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001,introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.Itskeyprovisions,modeledonNewYorkState’sregulations,includean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctors,however,resistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkley,aseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichigan,agreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment.”

TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisaplacefordoctors,patientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouoralovedone,youshouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehadandifmore-restedstaffersareavailable.Doctors,fortheirpart,havetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibilityandgettheresttheyneed.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Speakingofthesleepproblemsdoctors’face,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

3.Paragraphs3and4arewrittento（）.

4.By“doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconscience,notbythegovernment”(line6,paragraph5),Dr.CharlesBinkleymeansthat（）.

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.peoplewhosleepthan8hoursadayaremorepronetoillness

B.poorsleepqualitymaybeasignofphysicaldisorder

C.strokeisoftenassociatedwithsleep

D.toomuchsleepcanbeasharmfulaslackofsleep

问题2选项

A.doctorsoftenneedlittlesleeptokeepthemenergetic

B.doctors’sleepisdeprivedbyresidents

C.doctorstendtoneglecttheirownsleepproblems

D.sleep-depriveddoctorsareintoxicated

问题3选项

A.entertaintheaudiencewithsomeanecdotes

B.discussthecauseofdoctors’sleepproblems

C.showthehostilitydoctorsharboragainsttheirpatients

D.exemplifythedangerdoctorsfacecausedbylackofsleep

问题4选项

A.doctorsshouldnotabidebygovernment’sregulations

B.thegovernmentisinterferingtoomuch

C.theregulationsaboutworkweekandworkshiftaretoospecific

D.lawcannotforceadoctortosleepwhilehisconsciencecan

问题5选项

A.Patientsshouldcontrolthehoursoftheirdoctors.

B.Pilotsandtruckdriversworkinsaferenvironmentsthanthatofdoctors’.

C.Patientsarefacingmorerisksiftheirdoctorsarenotadequately-rested.

D.Peopleconcernedhavetherighttoremovetheirdoctorsfromtheirpositions.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，经常每天睡眠超过8小时且仍然感到疲倦的人死于中风的可能性几乎是正常人的三倍——这可能是一种使他们无法睡得安稳的潜在疾病的结果。也就是说，睡眠质量差可能是身体失调的征兆。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第二段的最后一句：医生认为在醉酒的状态下进行手术理应被开除，但在睡眠不足的情况下他们却不会再三考虑。选项C符合原文。

3.根据三四段的内容可知，这两段主要是讲医生因为睡眠不足带来的危害，所以选项D正确。

4.根据倒数第二段的内容，《病人和医生安全与保护法案》效仿纽约州的规定，包括每周工作80小时和24小时轮班限制。然而，大多数医生拒绝这种干预。密歇根大学高级外科住院医生CharlesBinkley认为“医生应该受到良心的约束，而不是政府的约束。”所以选项正确。

5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是医生睡眠不足带来的危害，所以选项C最能概括全文。

11.单选题

Theyearwas1959.Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo.Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain.Doctorsanalyzedhissample,frozeitinatesttubeandforgotaboutit.Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.

AndnotjustanyHIV.TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans,accordingtoareportpublishedlastweekinNature.Dr.DavidHo,directoroftheAaronDiamondAIDSResearchCenterinNewYorkCityandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample’sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s.

1.Whatisthepassageabout?

2.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica.TheoriginoftheAIDSepidemicwasthoughttobegininthe（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

4.Accordingtothepassage,themanwhocarriedHIVgavebloodbecausehewantedto（

）.

问题1选项

A.ThefactthatHTVandtheAIDSviruswerefirstdiscoveredinAfrica.

B.TherolethatLeopoldville'ssampleplays.

C.ThatLeopoldville'ssamplecontributestosolvingthepuzzleontheoriginofAIDS.

D.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica

问题2选项

A.1940s

B.1950s

C.1960s

D.mid-1980s

问题3选项

A.TheAIDSviruscomesfrommonkeysorchimpanzees.

B.TheAIDSviruswasearliestdiscoveredinKinshasa,1959.

C.BeforeLeopoldvillewaschangedintoKinshasainname,itwasacolony.

D.NootherAIDSvirusdiscoveredanywhereelsecanbeolderthantheonediscoveredinLeopoldville.

问题4选项

A.infectotherstotakerevengeonthewholesociety

B.earnmoneytosupporthisfamily

C.makeanameforhimself

D.noneoftheabove

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段描述了Leopoldville—位看似健康的男性到医院抽血,而后指出长达四分之一个世纪后，艾滋病研究者从中发现了艾滋病病毒。而在第二段进一步强调“并不只是发现了艾滋病病毒这么简单”,之后详细介绍了该部分血液中发现的艾滋病毒的重要意义。因此B项“Leopoldville的样本所起的作用”比较能概括文章大意。

2.判断推理题。文章最后一句指出:...saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample'sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s(对该样本的DNA分析将假定的艾滋病起源时间往前推了至少十年，至20世纪50年代，甚至是40年代),由此推断过去假定的艾滋病起源时间应该是20世纪60年代。

3.判断推理题。A:艾滋病毒来源于猴子或者黑猩猩,根据第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans...(Leopoldville的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本，有助于解开艾滋病毒从动物（猴子或者黑猩猩）传播到人类的时间和方式之谜……)”可知A项正确。B:艾滋病毒最早是于1959年在Kinshasa被发现,由第一段中的“Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS(四分之一个世纪后，也就是20世纪80年代中期，艾滋病研究者再次对该部分血液进行研究，从中发现了体免疫缺乏症病毒，这是一种导致艾滋病的病毒)”可知B项错误。C:在Leopoldville更名为Kinshasa之前，Leopoldville仍是殖民地,由第一段的“Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo(地点：在LeopoldvHle的中心城市。就在导致比属刚果独立的暴力反抗浪潮前不久，Leopoldville更名为Kinshasa)”可知C项正确。D:在其他地方没有发现比Leopoldville的样本更早的艾滋病毒,由第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolated(Leopoldville的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本)”可知D项正确。故本题选B。

4.细节事实题。第一段指出:Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain(应一项由西方国家支持的血液疾病研究的需要，一位看似健康的男性到医院抽血。然后就离开了，从此再也没有听说过他)。A:为了通过感染他人来报复社会,B:挣钱养家,C:让自己成名，均不能通过文章推断出来。故选D。

12.单选题

Tidalactionisaverycomplicatedphenomenoninvolvingmanyfactorsallofwhichmustbeconsideredtopredicttideinanyoneplaceandatanyonetime.Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.Whentheattractionisgreat,thetideishigh;andconverselywhentheattractionisminimal,thetideislow.Betweenthehightideandthelowtideisaperiodofalittleoversixhours,beingcalledduringitsriseafloodtide,andduringitsfallanebbtide.

Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide,beingalittlelessthanhalfasmuchasthemoon,althoughit’smassissomuchgreater.Whenthemoonandthesunarehorizontal,thehighesthightideoccursandwhentheyareverticalthelowestlowtidetakesplace.

Thewindalsoplaysanimportantpartinthemodificationofthenormalriseandfallofthetide.Thusthesefactorsaffecteachother,eitherdistractingoraddingtotheattractiveforcestoaddorsubtractfromtheheightofthetide.Butthetidesstillmoveinexorablyon,risingtwiceaday,gettinglittlelatereachdayandposingaproblemofcorrectlypredictingtheirheightsandlows.

46.Theprincipalideasofthearticleconcerns（）.

47.WhichofthefollowingfactorsisNOTmentionedasaffectingthetide?

48.Itcanbeconcludedfromthearticlethattheattractionofthesunis（）.

49.Ifthefirsthightidetakesplaceat1:00a.m.thenexthightidewillprobablytakeplaceat（）.

50.Accordingtothearticle,itisclearthattheroleofthemoon（）.

问题1选项

A.theattractionofthesunandthemoon

B.tidalwaves

C.thesun,themoonandthewind

D.featureswhichaffectthetide

问题2选项

A.Thesun

B.Themoon

C.Thewinds

D.Thedepthoftheocean

问题3选项

A.lessthanhalfthatofthemoon

B.morethanhalfthatofthemoon

C.morethanthatofthemoon

D.lessthantwicethatofthemoon

问题4选项

A.7:20a.m.

B.8:00a.m.

C.1:45p.m.

D.highnoon

问题5选项

A.isnotasimportantasthatofthewind

B.islessthanthatofthesun

C.causesthealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseas

D.haslittleinfluenceonthetide

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】46.主旨大意题。根据本文的第一句Tidalactionisaverycomplicatedphenomenoninvolvingmanyfactorsallofwhichmustbeconsideredtopredicttideinanyoneplaceandatanyonetime.（潮汐运动是一个非常复杂的现象，涉及了很多必须考虑的因素，来预测在任何地方和任何时间发生的潮汐运动。）接着详细介绍了产生潮汐的主要因素。A选项“太阳和月亮的引力”；B选项“潮汐波”；C选项“太阳、月亮、风”，ABC选项只是文中讲到的一些片面信息，不能作为整体概述。D选项“引起潮汐的特征”正确，本文主要列举了引起潮汐的一些因素。故选D。

47.客观细节题。影响潮汐的因素可以看到第一段的第二句Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）第二段第一句Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide.（太阳也会对潮汐有影响。）第三段第一句Thewindalsoplaysanimportantpartinthemodificationofthenormalriseandfallofthetide.（风也在影响潮汐正常上升和下降的过程中起着重要的作用。）唯独D选项“海洋的深度”并未有提及，故选D。

48.推理判断题。定位在第二段第一句Thesunalsoexertsitseffectonthetide,beingalittlelessthanhalfasmuchasthemoon,althoughitsmassissomuchgreater.（太阳对潮汐也发挥了作用，虽然它的体积狠大，但是，它的作用还不及月亮作用的一半。）由此可知，太阳对潮汐的影响比月亮的少了一半。由此可知A选项“不及月球的一半”正确。即可排除B选项“超过月亮的一半”和C选项“比月球还要多”，D选项“比月球的影响少两倍”错误。故选A。

49.推理判断题。定位在第一段的最后一句Betweenthehightideandthelowtideisaperiodofalittleoversixhours,beingcalledduringitsriseafloodtide,andduringitsfallanebbtide.（高潮和低潮之间的时间差超过六小时，上升时被称之为涨潮，下降时被称之为退潮。）题目中第一次的高潮发生在上午1点，那么接下来会有超过6个小时的低潮期，下次高潮的时间就还需要再加上6个小时。由此推理，时间要超过12个小时。同理可排除ABD选项。故选C。

50.客观细节题。定位在第一段的第二句Thealternateriseandfallofthesurfaceoftheseasandtheoceanismainlycausedbytheattractiveforceofthemoonalone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）A选项“不像风那么重要”，B选项“比太阳的影响小”，D选项“对潮汐的影响很小”均表述有误。选项C“导致海平面交替上升和下降”正确。故选C。

13.单选题

WhyhavebegantoreadIrishbookswitha（）andpassionateinterest.

问题1选项

A.inquisitive

B.curious

C.prying

D.inquiring

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他们开始怀着浓厚的好奇和兴趣阅读爱尔兰的书籍。

考查形容词辨析。inquisitive好学的，好奇的，兴趣广泛的，过分打听他人私事的；curious好奇的;prying爱打听的;inquiring好问的，爱探索的。句子整体表达的是带褒义的，因此A项正确。

14.翻译题

如果遇到的竞争对手是受到各自政府过度保护的企业，强大的美国企业通常都能迅速地把它们压制住。事实已经证明，利伯维尔场体制比任何中央计划体制都能更有效地分配资金和资源，美国人也已经利用了这一点。因为美国在基础层次上有这样的优势，它处于国际财经界的最高层也就不足为奇了。美国具有这样的优势进而使它能够制定游戏规则，当然是对它自己有利的规则。

【答案】Whenitcomestocompetingwithcompaniesover-protectedbytheirrespectivegovernments,powerfulAmericancompaniesareusuallyquicktoneutralizethem.TheLibrevillecanallocatefundsandresourcesmoreefficientlythananycentrallyplannedeconomy,whichhasbeenprovedandtheAmericanshaveutilized.Withsuchanadvantageatafundamentallevel,itisnotsurprisingthattheUnitedStatesisatthetopoftheinternationalfinancialpeckingorderandsettherulesofthegame,whichofcoursearebeneficialforit.

15.单选题

Theyaskedustocometotheirpartybutwe（

）theinvitation.

问题1选项

A.rejected

B.refused

C.declined

D.spurn

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。reject“拒绝，指断然拒绝接受某人，某物”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；decline“拒绝，通常指有礼貌地婉拒”；spurn“藐视，唾弃”。句意：他们邀请我们去参加他们的聚会，但是我们婉拒了。由题干语境可知拒绝参加聚会应该是婉言拒绝。故C项正确。

16.单选题

Underthe（

）ofProfessorRoberts,the900delegatesassessedanddiscussedthesocialmarketeconomy.

问题1选项

A.custodian

B.alienation

C.tutelage

D.help

【答案】C

【解析】custodian管理人，监护人；alienation异化，疏远；tutelage指导。句意：在Roberts教授的指导下，900名代表对社会市场经济进行了评估和讨论。选项C更符合语境。

17.单选题

Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets.

Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournalsbuthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.

Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.I’veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid“thedataarestillinconclusive.”“Weknowthat,”themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,“butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?”Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.

Whatthisamountsto,ofcourse,isthatthescientisthasbecomethevictimofhisownwritings.Hehasputforwardunquestionedclaimssoconsistentlythathenotonlybelievesthemhimself,buthasconvincedindustrialandbusinessmanagementthattheyaretrue.Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe“oddballs”amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho“workwellwiththeteam.”

1.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewtonthat（）.

2.Theauthorassertsthatscientists（）.

3.Itseemsthatsomeyoungscientists（）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthattheresultsofscientificresearch（）.

问题1选项

A.inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientificexperiments

B.scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchersareconducted

C.scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureofresearch

D.unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificresearch

问题2选项

A.shouldn’treplace“scientificmethod”withimaginativethought

B.shouldn’tneglecttospeculateonunpredictablethings

C.shouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnicaljournals

D.shouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearchfindings

问题3选项

A.haveakeeninterestin

B.oftenspeculateonthefutureprediction

C.thinkhighlyofcreativethinking

D.stickto“scientificmethod”

问题4选项

A.maynotbeasprofitableastheyareexpected

B.canbemeasuredindollarsandcents

C.relyonconformitytoastandardpattern

D.aremostlyunderestimatedbymanagement

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.”，可知在实践中，科学与其说依赖于它所准备的实验，不如说依赖于人对实验的思考。下文就用牛顿发现地心引力的例子证明了这一观点。可判断出作者想用艾萨克•牛顿的例子来证明求知的思维比科学实验更重要。选项A符合题意。

2.作者态度题。根据文章第二段，“Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.”，可知不可预测性是研究的本质之一。如果你没有不可预测的东西，你就没有研究。可判断出作者坚信科学家不应忽视对不可预测的事情进行推测。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.”，可知在与一些科学家，尤其是年轻的科学家交谈时，你可能会得到这样的印象：他们发现科学方法可以代替富有想象力的思维。可判断出一些年轻的科学家似乎会坚持使用科学方法而不是富有想象力的思维。选项D符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.”，可知如果实验是像科学杂志上的报告所表明的那样，如实地按照计划进行规划和实施，那么管理层期望研究能产生相应的利益是完全合乎逻辑的。但是有时候科学实验的结果不会验证预测，并不像期望中的那么有利可图。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

It’snicetohaveclosefriendsandfamilyyoucan（

），butitliftsahugeweightoffyourshoulderswhenyouknowthatyoucouldsurviveonyourownifyouhadto.

问题1选项

A.copewith

B.counton

C.conformto

D.committo

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。copewith“处理，应付”；counton“指望，依赖”；conformto“符合，遵照”；committo“交付，致力于”。句意为：有亲密的朋友和家人可以依靠固然很好，但是当你知道在不得已的情况下，你可以独立生活，那时你便会卸下一身重担。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

Inhislecture,ProfMendezreviewedtheevidencesforthealteredviewoftheplateboundarybetweentheIndiansubcontinentandtheTibetanPlateauthatisnowgaininggroundamong

Europeangeologist

问题1选项

A.reviewedthe

B.evidencesforthealteredview

C.thatisnow

D.gainingground

E.没有错误

【答案】B

【解析】名词误用。evidences去掉s。evidence在句中表示"证据",为不可数名词。

20.单选题

Islifetodaymoredangerousthanitusedtobe?Itcertainlyseemsthatway.Withtheradiationemittedbyourhouses,thearsenic(砷)inthewaterandthetoxicrayscomingoutofcellphones,itisn’treallysafetosleep,drinkortalk.

LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.

AfterSept.11,2001,thousandsofpeoplesworeoffairplanesandbegandrivingcars.Infact,theoddsofbeingkilledinaterroristincidentin2002wereonein9million.Inthatsameyear,theoddsofdyinginatrafficaccidentwereaboutonein7,000.

Bytakingtheprecautionofnotflying,manypeopledied.

Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis.It’safactthatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes),andtheyaremoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Also,althoughIhavenoproof,I’llhazardaguessthatpeoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.Bycontrast,theyaredisproportionatelywillingtodiscounttheevidenceoftheirownexperience.Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.

LifeisfarsaferfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhastojustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory—andmaybethatexplainstheludicrousprecautionsthatcityofficialsandfederalbureaucratsandeveryoneelsefeelsobligatedtotakenowadaystosatisfythepublic’sdemands.Nowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.

1.ChildrenarenotallowedtogotoschoolforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthepreviousgeneration______.

3.Whichistheacceptedpsychologicalexplanationforpeople’sfearasmentionedinthepassage?

4.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatinthepast______.

5．Theauthorbelievesthat______.

问题1选项

A.fallentrees

B.fallenpowerlines

C.acominghurricane

D.brokentrafficlights

问题2选项

A.knewbetterhowtoavoiddanger

B.waslessfussyaboutdangers

C.livedinamoredangerousworld

D.wasbetteratprotectingthemselves

问题3选项

A.Peoplearemoreafraidofthingstheydonotknowthanthingstheyarefamiliarwith.

B.Peoplearemoreafraidofdangersreportedinnewspapersthanthosetheyexperience.

C.Peoplearemoreafraidofflyinginanairplanethanridingatrain.

D.Peoplearemoreafraidofterroristdisastersthannaturaldisasters.

问题4选项

A.lifewasmoreenjoyable

B.waterwaslesscleanandfresh

C.foodswereofbettertasteandquality

D.streetsweresaferforchildrentocross

问题5选项

A.peopleareoverreactingtodangersnowadays

B.peoplehavegoodreasontofearthedangerstoday

C.lifeisfullofdangers,especiallyafterthe9.11attacks

D.childrensh