人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点

人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点xxx公司人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度U5(BX5)FirstaidLanguage

points1Aid(v)帮助;援助=helpsb帮助某人去做….aidsbtodo在…事帮助某人aidsbin…Heaidedmeinbusiness.Iaidedhertocontinueherstudy.AtChristmas,manyorganizationsaidthepoor.n

/U/帮助;援助在某人的帮助下withtheaidof为了帮助…inaidofTeachersgivetheirlessonswiththeaidofcomputers.Heraisedmoneyinaidofthesick.

知识拓展：give/offeraid援助

cometosb.'said帮助某人cutoffaid（突然）终止援助

ahearingaid助听器teachingaids教具

medicalaid医疗救护

2.temporary暂时的，临时的temporaryrelieffrompain短暂的解痛temporarywork/solution临时工作/解决办法

3.fallillfall+adj.illasleepawakesicksilentHiswifesuddenly_______________lastweek.Shehas_______

________foraweek.fell

illbeen

ill4get+过去分词

表被动或状态Thecomputergotdamagedwhenweweremoving.Mybikeisgettingrepairednow.MyglassesgotbrokenwhileIwasplayingbasketball.PeterandMarygotmarriedlastyear.getdonegetinjured受伤getdressed穿衣服

getdamaged遭到破坏

getchanged改变

getmarried结婚

getinfected被感染

getbroken被弄破

getlost迷失，走失5injurev.

______n.

______adj.injurytosth.

…（部位）的伤Hegot________________atwork.他干活时腿受了重伤。(injury)He__________intheaccident.他在意外事故中受了伤。(injure)injuriestothelegsgotinjuredinjuryinjuredhurt肉体，精神上的伤害（一般用语），疼痛injure意外或事故而受伤wound指外伤（刀、枪、剑伤）woundedinjuredhurthurtinjuredHegot_______inthefighting.Hewasbadly_______inacaraccident.Herwords________medeeply.I_____

mybackwhenIfell.Myfeet_______.6.bleed-blood-bloody(v.)

(n.)

(adj.)Hisnosewasbleeding.=Hewas

bleedingatthenose.=Hehasabloodynose.

他在流鼻血。bleedfor为…而流血,悲痛bleedtodeath出血过多而死loseblood流血、失血fleshandblood血肉之躯7.choke

vi.&vt.窒息;阻塞Shechokedwithemotion.

她激动得说不出话来。Thesmokealmostchokedme.烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。Atthebadnews,hecouldn'tchokebackhistear听到这则噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪。

Themangaveafewchokesandthengothisbreath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。adj.最重要的，不可缺少的，本质的1)Sunandwaterareessentialtothegrowthofcrops.阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。

2)Itisessentialforustosetourstudygoal.我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。3)Itisessentialthatyou(should)winthevoter's

hearts.赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。-----当用it充当主语而用它充当表语时，that从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形。9.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,…

actas

作为….barrier屏障,障碍物,隔阂Youshouldshowtheticketatthebarrier.Thelanguagebarrier

against反对,阻止whichactasbarrier定从10poisonn./vt.毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒eg:1)Poisonsmustbeputoutofchildren'sreach.毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。2)Thismatterwillmakesomepoisontothecrops.这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害。3)Booksofthiskindcanmakepoisontochildren.这类书会对儿童造成毒害。

4)Heroinhaspoisonedalotofpeople.海洛因毒害了很多人。5)Thepollutedwaterintheriverpoisonedpeoplehere.污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。-----poisonous

adj.有毒(害)的

eg:Thismedicineispoisonousiftakeninlargequantities.…against/from…

保护…不受…的损害prevent…fromdoing

阻止．．．Wearsunglassesto_________________________.Youneedwarmclothes______________________.Nobodycan_____________________________

(阻止他们结婚)．protectyoureyesfromstronglighttoprotectyouagainstcoldpreventthemfromgettingmarriedItismydutyto____mystudentsfrombeinghurtwhentheyareindanger.D

A.prevent

B.saveC.stopD.protectpreventsb.(from)doingstopsb.(from)doingkeepsb.fromdoing12.sense(n.&v.)fivesenses：senseofsmellsenseofhearingthesixthsensesenseoftouchsenseofsightsenseoftastesenseofhumour、duty、directionThemanhas

nocommonsense.(无常识)Whathesaidmadenosense.(没道理)sense(v.)

感觉到Althoughshedidn’tsayanything,Isensedthatshedidn’tliketheidea.(我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意）

asyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious.该句是一个主从复合句，主句为：Soifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious；从句为：asyoucanimagine.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有“正如……”或“就象……”的意思；它所引的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。另外，该句的主句中还含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。请看类似的句子：Asyoucansee,iftheyarenotproperlyprotected,thefarmlandswillbecomedessertssoonerorlater.正如你所看到的，这些农田如果保护不当迟早会变成沙漠。asweallknow

=as

isknowntoallas

we

expect

=as

is

expectedaseverybodycanseeasyoucanimagine不同的，各种各样的Therearevariouscolorstochoosefrom.vary

vi1.～(insth)——bedifferentinsize,volume,strength,etc(体积、容积、力量等)呈现不同Opinionsvaryonthispoint.

15.vary

～(withsth);～(fromsthtosth)——change,espaccordingtosomefactor改变,变动,变化（尤指伴随某种因素而产生）Pricesvarywithseasons.物价随季节而变动Hermoodvariedfromoptimismtoextremedepression.她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉variety

n.

变化，多样性，种类Weallneedvarietyinourdiet.我们都需要饮食多样化Theshoppingcentersellsavarietyofgoodsavarietyof+名词,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致

on取决于,依赖,依靠,信赖,信任Hiswholefamily

dependsonhim他全家都靠他养活.Heis

a

man

tobedepended

on他是个可以信赖的人dependent

(adj.)dependence(

n.

)independent(adj.)independence(n.)17.mild-milder-mildest-mildlyExamplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbytouchingahotpan,stoveorironforad在这个句子中的意思是“轻微的、不严重的”。如：Edwardsufferedfromamildheartattack.爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。

mild还可以表示“温和的、暖和的；味淡的”如：She’sthemildestpersonIhaveevermetinmylife.她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了amildclimate温暖的天气mildcheese淡味奶酪gentle/soft/mildThepunishmentisvery______.Theweatheris______.Ilikea_____pillow.Hewasapersonof_____

birth.(身世良好)Hespokeina___________________voice.

mildmildgentlesoftgentle/soft/mild18.词语辨析:electric电的,发电的,由电产生的,用于导电的.electrical有关电的,与电有关的.electricity电,电力.电力学electricgenerator发电机,

electriccooker电炉,electriciron电熨斗,

electricengineer

电机工程师

vt./vi.Swellswelled/

swelledswollen使膨胀，使(力量，数目等)增长，使壮大，Thewindswelledthesails.风使船帆鼓起。Hisinjuredwristbegantoswell(up).他那受伤的手腕开始肿起。Herfaceswelledupwithtoothche.Thewindswelledintoastorm.

风力渐增，终于形成一场暴风雨。asmallbusinessswelledintoabigcompany.壮大4)Neverswellwithpridewhenyoumakesomecontributions.

有了贡献不要沾沾自喜。swellwithpride/anger得意洋洋、怒气冲冲Thedoctorexaminedtheswellingonmyback.swollen

adj.肿胀的Hiseyelidisswollen.

他眼皮肿了。sticksth.tosth.

粘住Stickthegluetomyfingers.sticktodoingsthstickto坚持sticktoone’sview坚持自己的观点21.jewellery=jewelry

珠宝(总称)不可数jewel

可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物The____werekeptinthesafe.Manywomenliketobuyasmuch_______aspossible.FatheralwayssaysIamhis______.

jeweljewelleryjewelsSheappearedatthereceptionwearingherfinestjewels.Shelockedherjewelsinthejewellerybox.

Mysisterhas_.A.apieceofjewellery

B.ajewelleryC.alittleofjewels

D.abitjewelleryburnsimmediatelywithcoolbutnoticywater.立即用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰水-y是个形容词后缀。如：windy有风

hilly多小山的

sleepy困倦的

greeny略呈绿色的

spicy辛辣的

woody树木茂密的23.unbearable不能忍受的un—不能….,无法….unforgettableunwillingunusualuncertainunfairunfitunbelievableunfortunateunlikeuncomfortable24.squeeze挤；压；塞osth.把……塞进

sth.from/outofsth.

挤出through挤过sth.outofsb.

敲诈逼某人说出sbin挤出时间见某人

crocodilesqueezedatear.Isqueezedmyselfontothecrowdedtrain.Hesqueezedeverythingintoasuitcase.ShewatchedhergrandmasqueezethejuiceoutofalemonattentivelyAlthoughIambusy,Istillcansqueezeyouinat10o’clock

Thoseblackmailersintendedtosqueezemore

moneyoutofhim.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多钱。I’llnevergiveintoyou,andyoucansqueezenothingoutofmeThelittleboyissqueezingthetoothpastefromthetubeontothetoothbrush25.overandoveragainListsomephrasesorwordsthathavesimilarmeaningoverandoveragainandagainoverandagainmanytimesrepeatedlyfromtimetotimenowandthennowandagainSometimesAttimesOnoccasions26.Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.用胶布把绷带固定。inplace在适当的地方。如：Thelibrarianputthereturnedbooksinplace.图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。You’dbetterputthingsbackinplace.你最好把你的东西放回原位。Herdresswasoutofplaceattheceremony.（不得体,不适当）inplace还有“准备就绪”的意思。如：ThearrangementsfortheconcertnextSaturdayareallinplace.周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。Witheverythinginplace,shestartedtheslideshow.

1.倒,灌,注Shepouredherselfanothercupoftea.她为自己又倒了一杯茶。2.倾注;大量投入;大量生产

Theyhavepouredmoneyintothetouristindustry.他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。3倾吐,诉说Sheoftenpourshertroublestofriends.她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。不及物动词vi.1.倾泻,涌流Thecrowdpouredoutoftheconcerthall.人群从音乐厅涌出来。

SweatpouredfromMartin'sface.马丁脸上汗如雨下。2.斟茶

ShallIpour我来斟茶好吗3(雨)倾盆而降(+down)

Therainpouredsteadilydown.大雨不停地倾盆而下。Pourcoldwateron/over对…泼冷水Pouroilontheflames火上浇油Pouroilontroubledwaters平息风波I.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.Thereareover115differentkindsof________(poison)snakesinAustralia.2.Doctorsinthathospitalaredevelopinganew_________(treat)forcancer.3.Heisa____(mildly)personwhonevershouts.poisonoustreatmentmild4.Thismachinehasan________(electric)fault.（与电有关的）5.Hisfacewas______(swell)upwithtoothache.6.Ifhe_____(blood)toomuch,hislifewillbeindanger.7.Hisfootwasburnedbyhotwaterandtherewereseveral______(water)blistersonit.swollenbleedswateryelectricalII.根据句意,

选择适当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空。1.protect;defenda.Takinganumbrellacan_______youfromrain.b.Schoolsshouldgivechildrenlessonsonhowto_____________tectprotect/defend2.wound;injure;hurta.Shewasbadly____________whenshefelloffherbike.b.Hisleg_____whenhewalks.c.Thesoldiergotaserious______inthewar.hurt/injuredwoundhurts3.insiston;sticktoa.Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshould______it.b.They_________leavingthatday.c.Healways_______hispromise.stickstosticktoinsistedon4.cutoff;cutout;cutupHewas_________themeatandwantedtomakedumplings.b.Youcan_______theunimportantdetails.c.

Thevillagewas______byheavysnowforamonth.cutoffcuttingupcutoutIII.用适当的介词填空。1.Wedon’twanttohearyouropinions;stick__thefacts.2.Therobberrobbedthebank__force.3.Whetherwewillhaveapicnictomorrowdepends__theweather.4.Hewas_____greatpainafterhebrokehisarm.tobyonin/of5.Theydecidedtojointofight______theenemyanddefendtheircountry.6.Assoonasallthechairsare__place,wecanletthepeoplein.Don’ttakeanynotice__whathesays.8._____theaidofourteacher,wegotthroughallthedifficulties.WithagainstinofV.下列各句均有一处错误,

请指出并改正.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroom,you’llhavetopay

other

30yuan.another2.Firstthecurtaincaughtafireandthenthebedclothes.it3.Ilikethatintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.4.Tomydisappointment,none

ofmyparentsansweredthetelephone.neither

5.Sheknewtherewasnodoubtwhetherhewaslyingtoher.that6.ItwasinthestreetwhereImetJohn.that7.Thespeechisintheplaceforthisoccasion.VI.根据括号内所给的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。1.他被年轻人挤出了人才市场。(squeezeoutof)Hewassqueezedoutofthejobmarketbyyoungpeople.2.我一次又一次地警告过你不要再做那么傻的事。(overandoveragain)I’vewarnedyouoverandoveragainnottodosuchsillythings.3.用胶带固定好绷带。(inplace)Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.4.风暴对庄稼没造成多大的破坏。(dodamageto)Thestormdidn’tdomuchdamagetothecrops.5.我不怀疑他能按时完成任务。(doubt)Idon’tdoubtthathecanfinishthetaskontime.6.坚持做完一件事。(stickto)Sticktoataskuntilitisfinished.7.法律一旦被制订,就应该被认真执行。(carryout)Lawsmustbecarriedoutseriouslyoncemade.8.正是那个护士的快速反应和急救知识挽救了男孩的生命。Itwasthenurse’squickactionandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedtheboy.Reading21baward,reward,prizeaward指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。如：Theschoolprincipalawardedaprizeinhistorytothebeststudent.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。reward“报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。如：Thefiremanreceivedarewardforsavingthechild'slife.因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。prize“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。如：Hundredsofprizescanbewoninournewspapercompetition.参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。

iswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearnto

dothingsbecausecertainactsleadto________.

A.rewards

B.prizes

C.awards

D.results2.Themayor________thepoliceofficeramedalofhonorforhisheroicdeedinrescuingtheearthquakevictims.A)rewarded

B)awarded

C)credited

D)prized一.award与reward词义辨析AB3.Thepolicehaveofferedalarge_____forinformationleadingtotherobber’sarrest.A.award

B.compensationC.prize

D.rewardDn.(U)荣誉，尊敬;名誉It’sapointofhonorwithmetoreplyallmydebtspromptly.引以为荣的人/事，只用单数。Thesuccessfullaunchofthe“ShenzhouVI”isanhonortoourcountry.dosbanhonor/thehonor（ofdoingsth）使某人有特殊的荣幸,赏光Willyoudomethehonorofdiningwithme可否赏光和我一起吃饭insb’s/sth’shonor

出于对…的敬意WeareplanningabigChristmaspartyinyourhonor.我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。inhonorof…，为纪念…，为庆祝…Amonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheheroeswhogaveuptheirlivesduringthewar.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。

Honorv.给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）1honorsb/sth（withsth）ThePresidenthonoreduswithapersonalvisit.2

behonoredfor…因…而受到尊敬

DrBethunewashonoredforhisselflesswork.白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。3be/feelhonoredthat…很荣幸能做…Iamhonoredthatyoushouldnoticeme.我很荣幸您能注意到我。

4be/feelhonoredtodo很荣幸能做…。Iamhonoredtobeherewithyou.能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。anhonoredguest

贵宾3present

v.Joanwaspresentedwithhisawardataceremonywhichrecognizedthebraveryofthelifeofanother.赠送present+sth.+to+sb.

把某物送给某人present+sb.+withsth.赠送某人某物2.——introduce(sb)formally正式介绍

Shepresentedherboyfriendtous.她把男朋友介绍给我们。3.——show显示,呈现～asmilingface显出一张笑脸4.描述Thecharactersinthenovelarevividly～ed.小说中人物被描写得很生动adj.作前置定语,“目前的,现在的”

作后置定语,“出席的,在场的thepresentmembersthememberspresent

n.——gift礼物相关短语：thepresentday

今天(=today)

atpresent／atthepresenttime＝now现在forthepresent

暂时

thepresent

现在(相当于名词)bepresentat

出席;到场

4).ceremonyn.(C)典礼；仪式

(U)礼节；礼仪；客套

Theweddingceremonywasbeautiful.Thereisnoneedforceremonybetweenus.Expressions:standonceremony拘泥礼节；讲究客套withceremony正式；隆重withoutceremony不拘礼节地；随便地Theheadofstatewaswelcomedwithfullceremony.人们以最高规格的仪式欢迎国家首脑。5).Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.此句型中when作并列连词相当于andthen意为”正当……时突然”,常用于以下句型：bedoing…when…

正在做……突然beabouttodo…when…

即将做……突然beonthepointtodo…when…正要去做…..突然has/have/haddone…when…刚刚……这时(突然)例题（06，湖南）Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusydryingmyselfwithatowel,__Iheardthesteps.A．while

B.when

C.since

D.after6cutone'sfinger割破手指haveone'shaircut理发cutexpenses减少费用cutaclass逃学Wasyoursalarycut你的薪水减少了吗习惯用语：becutoutfor有做某事的天赋;适合于;与...相配合shortcut捷径,近路(一般和make,take连用;有时用作定语)drawcuts抽签cutabout乱切,乱砍乱跑cutat向...砍去猛打毁掉cutaway切除,剪掉匆匆跑掉cutback(on)减少;剪短;倒叙;缩减;中断;cutdown削减,压缩砍倒使丧命比...强;使...逊色cutin插进来说,插嘴夹进来,夹塞干预超车cutinto插进来,参加(谈话),打断(别人的话);减少,缩减;切开;侵犯(利益)

cutoff切断,停掉隔绝,挡住死掉使电话中断切[剪]下来剥夺(继承权)

cutout删掉停止

(机器)失灵

numberof+可数名词，谓语用复数，意为“许多，大量的......”，thenumberof+可数名词，谓语用单数，意为“......的数量”eg:1)Anumberofproblemshavearisen.已经出现了很多问题。2)Thenumberofcollegeshasincreasedinthepast10years.在过去的十年里，大学的数量有所增加。

-----其他表示“许多，大量”的短语：agreat/goodmany

alarge/great/good/smallnumberof

+可数名词agoodfew/quiteafewmanya

muchagreat/gooddealof

agreat/largeamountof

+不可数名词quitealittlealotof/lotsof

agreat/largequanitityof

+可数或不可数名词largequanititiesofplentyofone'shandson

找到

eg:Fewofthestudentshaveputtheirhandsonthe

materialsfortheircompositions.

没有几个学生找到适合他们作文的素材。vt.1)对待；看待，把...看作：treat虐待某人treatdistinguishdedguest把某人待为上宾treatsb.withconsideration对待某人很体贴Donottreatthisseriousmatterasajoke.2)讨论；探讨；详述；（文学，艺术作品中）描绘，描述；表现：Hetreatsthissubjectthoroughlyinhisbook.他在书中详尽透彻地讨论了这个问题。3)医治，治疗：treatsb.forinfluenza给某人医治流行感冒treatsb’stoothache

治疗某人的牙痛4)款待，请客(to):treatsb.toanice-cream(atheatre)请某人吃冰激凌（看戏）I‘lltreatmyselftoasunbath.我要好好地享受一次日光浴。Let’sgooutfordinner-----mytreatthistime.这次由我请客。10.applyVt.涂,敷;应用;适用Application—applicant---applicance--applicable1)涂,敷她在脸上浓妆艳抹Sheappliedheavymakeuptoherface.2)我们应该把理论应用于实践。Weshouldapplytheorytopractice.Thisrulecannotbeappliedtoeverycase.vi.申请applytosbforsthapplyforajob申请就业Applyforascholarship申请奖学金applytodosth

申请做某事TheyappliedtoreturntoChina.3)适用Schoolregulationsapplytoeverystudent.校规适用于每位学生。Thisrulecannotapplytoeverycase.这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。applyoneself/sthtosth使致力(于),使专心从事HeappliedhimselftolearningFrench.他致力于学习法语。专心于，致力于:BuryoneselfinAbsorboneselfinInvolveoneselfin

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