(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时作业选择性必修四 Unit 1 Science Fiction (含解析)

PAGEUNIT1ScienceFictionA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AIoftenimagine1.________mylifewillbelikeinthefuture.Ithinkmylifewillbeverydifferentthen,whichwillbeelegantand2.________(satisfy)．Inthefuture,Iwillhaveahappyfamily,andalovelybaby,3.________ourfamilyallwillhaveanaffectionfor.Besides,Iwillhave4.________comfortableandconvenienthome,wherethereareallkindsofdigital5.________(equip)andfurniture.What'smore,myhomewillhaveahouseholdrobot,whichcanhelpme6.________(clean)myhouse,preparedeliciouscuisineandaccompanymybaby.Inaddition,IhopeIwillworkforacomputercompany7.________aprogrammedesigner.Iwillenjoymyworkandgetalongwellwithmy8.________(colleague).IwilldoagoodjobinwhateverIdo.Inmyfreetime,I9.________(continue)totakeregularexercise,suchasswimming,runningandvariousballgames.Onmyholidays,Iwilltravelaroundtheworld.Inaword,mylifewillbericherand10.________(colourful)．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者想象了自己将来美好的生活。1.what考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，imagine后是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作like的宾语，故填what。2.satisfying/satisfactory考查形容词。根据本空前的elegant及and可知，此处要用形容词形式，故填satisfying/satisfactory。3.whom考查非限制性定语从句。空格后是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词baby，关系词在从句中作for的宾语，故填whom。4.a考查冠词。home是可数名词，此处表泛指，故填不定冠词a。5.equipment考查名词。根据下文中的“furniture”可知，此处要用名词形式，又因equipment为不可数名词，故填equipment。6.(to)clean考查固定搭配。helpsb.(to)dosth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，为固定表达，故填(to)clean。7.as考查介词。根据句意可知，此处用as，表示“作为”。8.colleagues考查名词。colleague是可数名词，此处表泛指，又因为前面有my修饰，故用复数形式。9.willcontinue考查时态。本文描述的是将来的情况，动词应用一般将来时，故填willcontinue。10.morecolourful考查形容词的比较级。根据上文中的“richer”可知，此处要用colourful的比较级形式，故填morecolourful。B(2020·山东菏泽6月模拟)Hashtag,apetdogasagiftfromafriendto1.________(bright)upmyday,savedmylife—notonce,buttwice.MyhusbandandIhadbeenexpectingtheexciting2.________(arrive)ofhimformonthsbeforeHashtagcameintoourhomeinthewinter.IwasstrugglingwithdepressionandsuddenlyIhadsomethingelse3.________(require)myattention.Ihadbeenovercomebynegativethoughtscompletely,butnowIhad4.________senseofpurpose.Icouldn'tgiveup.Oncerealisingthat,Ibecame5.________(energy).Ifocusedongivinghimtrainingandaffection,andwalkingwithhim.Finally,Igotovermydepression18monthslater.There'snodoubt6.________Hashtagplayedanimportantroleinmyrecovery.Then,lastDecember,we7.________(sleep)deeplywhenafirestartedinourlivingroom.Barkingdownstairs8.________(unusual),Hashtagwokeusupandallowedus9.________(grasp)theseriousnessofoursituation.Withinmoments,wewerestandingoutside.There'snotellingwhatcouldhavehappened10.________Hashtag'swarning.Idon'thavethewordstodescribehowgratefulIfeelforthewarningfromhim.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Hashtag是作者的一只宠物狗，因为它，作者克服了抑郁症；也因为它，作者免受火灾的侵害。1.brighten考查动词。分析句子结构可判断，此处应填入动词，brightenup意为“(使)增添乐趣，有希望”。2.arrival考查名词。根据空前的the可判断，此处应填入arrive的名词形式arrival。3.requiring考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作后置定语，require与somethingelse之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。4.a考查冠词。asenseof意为“……感”，故填不定冠词a。5.energetic考查形容词。became在此处为系动词，表示状态的变化，意为“开始变得，变成”，后接形容词。energetic意为“精力充沛的，充满活力的”。6.that考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是Thereisnodoubtthat...句型，表示“……是毫无疑问的”。7.weresleeping考查时态。根据语境可判断，此处是在描述过去正在做某事，故用过去进行时。8.unusually考查副词。空处修饰动词，应用其副词形式unusually。9.tograsp考查不定式。由上下文可知，此处应用动词不定式，与上文构成allowsb.todosth.结构。10.without考查介词。没有Hashtag的警告会发生什么事不得而知。此处表示“无，没有”，应该用without。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.很遗憾你错过了这么一场精彩的足球比赛。(It's＋n.＋that...)It's_a_pity_thatyouhavemissedsuchawonderfulfootballgame.2.我昨天晚上是在公园遇到了我以前的英语老师。(强调句型)It_was_in_the_park_thatIcameacrossmyformerEnglishteacheryesterdayevening.3.天黑之前，我们到达了一个小镇，它的东面是一个大农场。(完全倒装)Beforedark,wearrivedatasmalltown,east_of_which_lies_a_big_farm.4.那个女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。(asif)Thegirllistenedas_if_she_had_been_turned_intoastone.5.他们坐在花园里，谈论着去年他们一起度过的日子。(现在分词作伴随状语)Theysatinthegarden，talking_about_the_daystheyspenttogetherlastyear.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解ATherearerobotcleanersandrobotmopstohelpusaroundthehouse,sowhynotarobottobuildourhouses?Waitnolonger.Nowthereisasetofelectronicstodojustthat,buildahousefromscratch,andfast.Forgetweekstofindabuilderandmonthsforhouseconstruction;amachinedevelopedintheUnitedStatescanbuilda232sqmhouselayerbylayerinasingleday.UniversityofSouthernCalifornia'sProfessorBehrokhKhoshnevishasdesignedthegiantrobotthatreplacesconstructionworkerswithamouthonanarmofcrane,whichspitsoutconcreteandcanquicklybuildahouseaccordingtoacomputerpattern.Thetechnology,knownasContour(轮廓)Crafting,couldrevolutionisetheconstructionindustry.ContourCraftingcouldgreatlydecreasethecostofhomeowning,makingitpossibleformillionsofdisplacedpeopletogetonthepropertyladder.Itcouldevenbeusedindisasterreliefareastobuildemergencyandreplacementhousing.AsProf.Khoshnevispointsout,ifwelookaroundalmosteverythingismadeautomaticallythesedays—shoes,clothes,homeappliances,cars.Theonlythingthatisstillbuiltbyhandarebuildings.TheContourCraftingsystemisarobotthatautomatesage­oldtoolsnormallyusedbyhand.Theseareappliedbyaroboticcranethatbuildsathree­dimensionalobject.Thenatureofthetechnologymeansitwillalsobepossibletocreatecurvedwallsandarchitecturethatisboth“exotic(异国情调的)andbeautiful”accordingtoProf.Khoshnevis.Asaresult,itcouldbeidealtoprintoutexpensivehousesaccordingtocustomers'demands.Furthermore,Prof.Khoshnevisbelievesthatthetechnologycouldbeappliedbeyondourplanet.“ContourCraftingtechnologyhasthepotentialtobuildsafe,reliable,andaffordablestructures,habitats,laboratories,andotherfacilitiesonthemoonandMarsbeforethearrivalofhumanbeings，”hiswebsitereads.AccordingtotheInternationalLabourOrganisation,constructionemploysnearly110millionpeopleworldwideand“playsamajorroleinfightingthehighlevelsofunemploymentandinabsorbingextralabourfromtheruralareas”.Whattheimplicationsareforbuildersis,ofcourse,amajorconcern.ButKhoshnevissays“therealityisthatalotofnewjobscanbecreatedinthisfieldaswell”.Insteadofbuildingthehouse,workmenareusedtomaintainthemachine.1.Whichadvantagedoesthegiantrobothavefortheconsumers?A.Itsavesagreatdealoftime.B.Itdecorateshousesbeautifully.C.Itprovidesenergy­savingapartments.D.Itbuildsenvironmentally­friendlyhouses.2.Theunderlinedpart“togetonthepropertyladder”(inParagraph3)means“________”．A.toprintobjectsB.topurchaseahouseC.topredictdisastersD.toaccumulatewealth3.Thenewconstructiontechnologycansatisfytheneedsof________.A.low­incomeresidentsB.peopleatdifferentincomelevelsC.middle­incomepeopleD.wealthyimmigrants4.WhatinfluencewillContourCraftinghaveonconstructionindustry?A.Manyconstructionworkerswilllosejobs.B.Professionalswillbehiredtomakerobotbuilders.C.Moreruralpeoplewillengageinconstruction.D.Constructionworkerswillupdatetheirskills.【解题解读】本文是一篇说明文。随着科技的发展，巨型机器人可用于建设房屋，而且具有时间短、成本低等优势，并且能够满足不同收入的人们的实际购房需求。1.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Forgetweekstofindabuilderandmonthsforhouseconstruction;amachinedevelopedintheUnitedStatescanbuilda232sqmhouselayerbylayerinasingleday.”可知，原先需要几个月的房屋建筑现在只要一天就能完成，因此，巨型机器人的明显优势是它可以节省大量的时间。故选A。2.B词义猜测题。根据第三段画线部分之前的内容“ContourCraftingcouldgreatlydecreasethecostofhomeowning，makingitpossibleformillionsofdisplacedpeople”中的“decreasethecostof”可推知，由于建房成本大大降低，许多人就可以买得起房子了。因此B项与画线部分意思相近。故选B。3.B推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Asaresult，itcouldbeidealtoprintoutexpensivehousesaccordingtocustomers'demands.”可知，它可以根据客户的需要建设出豪宅。再结合第三段第一句可推知，新的建设技术能满足不同收入水平的人们的需求。故选B。4.D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，随着巨型机器人技术的发展，在建筑业会有新的就业机会出现，而建筑工人的主要任务就是维护机器。由此可推知，建筑工人将会更新自己的技能。故选D。B(2020·山东齐鲁名校达标检测)ImovedtotheUnitedStatesasateenager.Theadjustmenttoanewplacewasdifficult.Buttherewasmajorstressinmylifeatthattime：IwastheonlymemberofmyfamilywhospokeEnglish,meaningIhadtostepupwhenwedealtwithashopassistant,awaiterandsoon.However,therewasanotheruniversallanguageIlovedtolearnasachild:art.AlthoughIconnectedmyselfwithdrawingandpaintingwhileinschool,Imostlydismissedartasapathtoacareer.Sincemydadalwayssaid“Thinkaboutthefuture”，IdidnotthinkhewouldsupportthestudyofartonceIwenttocollege.But,tomysurprise,itwasmyparentswhosuggestedjustthatandurgedmetoapplytotechnicalandliberalartsschools.Iwasadmittedintoindustrialdesign.It'sbasicallytodesignproductsandservices.Icouldbedoingsomethingmoretechnicalorsomethingmorerelatedtoproblem­solving.Itwasnoeasytasktodothecourseincludingmetalworking,woodworkingandmodelmaking.InoneclassIjustdrewcubesforanentiremonth,whichledmetoaquestion：“Wow!DoIreallywanttodothis？”ButIfinallysurvivedthecourse.NowIamadesignstrategistforMarshallMoyaDesign,afamousarchitectureandinteriordesigncompany.Ihaveexperienceinexhibitdesign,productdesignandwebsitedesign,apartfromwhichIenjoydevelopingpublicartinmyfreetime.Throughoutmycareer,I'vepickedupdifferentthingsalongtheway.Thebestwaytolearninmyopinionisthroughworking,therefore,getasmanyprojectsasyoucan.Industrialdesignkindofmakesyouanall­roundperson.5.Whatwastheauthor'sbiggestproblemwhenfirstmovingtoAmerica?A.Theadaptiontoanewenvironment.B.Difficultyinlearninganewlanguage.C.Father'sdisapprovalofherstudyingart.D.Theburdenofbeingacommunicator.6.Whatmadetheauthorchoosetostudyart?A.Herdeeploveforart.B.Thesuggestionofherfamily.C.Herpotentialindesign.D.Theneedofagoodjob.7.Whywastheauthor'sexperienceofdrawingcubesmentioned?A.Toemphasisehereffortatstudy.B.Toexpresstheregretatherchoice.C.Toprovethecoursewasdifficult.D.Toshowthebasiccontentofthecourse.8.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshementionedhercareer?A.Surprised. B.Stressed.C.Eager. D.Proud.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。随家人移居美国的作者热爱艺术，并在家人的支持和自己的坚持下，追逐梦想，成就事业。5.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Buttherewasmajorstressinmylifeatthattime:IwastheonlymemberofmyfamilywhospokeEnglish,meaningIhadtostepupwhenwedealtwithashopassistant,awaiterandsoon.”可知，作者一家搬到美国后面临的主要问题是：她是家庭中唯一会说英语的人，每次面对售货员、服务员等时，她不得不站出来，由此可推知她肩负着家人与外界沟通的重责，故选D。6.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ididnotthinkhe...itwasmyparentswhosuggestedjustthatandurgedmetoapplytotechnicalandliberalartsschools.”可知，作者的父母建议她学习艺术，故选B。7.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Itwasnoeasytasktodothecourseincludingmetalworking,woodworkingandmodelmaking.”可知，作者认为学习工业设计不容易，下文中的“InoneclassIjustdrewcubesforanentiremonth...survivedthecourse.”进一步说明学习工业设计这门课程的过程是艰难的。故选C。8.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Throughoutmycareer,I'vepickedupdifferentthingsalongtheway.”和“Industrialdesignkindofmakesyouanall­roundperson.”可知，作者为她的事业感到自豪。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空WhenJayceCrowderwasinkindergartenhewassadthathelookeddifferentfromhisclassmates.Theyhadtwohands.Hehadone.“Itstartedwhenoneboyteasedhim，”sayshismother,CortneyLewis.Jayce'senthusiasm1.He'dreturntotheirhomewithquestions:WhyamIdifferent?Whyme?Lewisadmittedshedidn'tknowwhattodoatthatpoint.Howcouldshe2answerstoherson'squestionswhenshehadneverfoundthoseanswersherself?Afewweekslater,LewisturnedontheTVtoanewsstoryaboutaneighthgraderfromWashington,Iowa.TrashaunWillis,then14,hadbecomeanInternet3afterpostingvideosofhisslamdunks(灌篮),and,likeJayce,hewas4mostofhisleftarm.LewiscalledJaycein.Hewascompletelyattracted,watchingdunkafterdunk.Atthetime,itseemedthatwatchingTrashaunwouldsimplybea(n)5momentforJayce.6littledidLewisknowthatafamilyfriendhadalreadyreachedouttotheDesMoinesRegister,askingthenewspapertohelpsetupameetingwithTrashauntobuildJayce's7.TheboysmetatWashingtonMiddleSchoolonaSaturdayafternoonacoupleofmonthslater,andinstantlybonded.Thedaywasnotspentwallowing(沉浸)inself­pity—itwasfullof8.Theyrodebikesaroundtheschool'shallways,tookphotos,playedhide­and­seek,andshotbaskets.Trashaun9gaveJayceashirtthatsays“Tenlingersareoverrated.”Atonepoint,TrashaundidgetseriouswithJayce.Hesaidnottoletanyonedraghimdownandnottoletwords10hisconfidence.Sincethatmeeting,Lewishasseenavisible11inherson,whoisnowsevenandinsecondgrade.Herecentlystartedwrestlingandlovesit.LewispointstoTrashaun's12.“Meetinghim，”shesaid,“madeJayce13thatthereareotherslikehim.”AsforTrashaun,hisrelationshipwithJaycemadehimlookforwardto14morekids,perhapsasayouthcoachwithanonprofitorganisationdevotedtocoachingkidswithlimbdisabilities.“Honestly,itmeansalottoknowthatIchangedJayce's15，”Trashaunsays.Still,heneverdreamedthathisvideoswouldhavesuchaneffect.“Ijustthoughtmyfriendswouldseemyvideosandbelike,‘Oh,hedunkedit！’”Obviously,hedidmorethanthat!1.A.doubled B.returnedC.improved D.disappeared2.A.discover B.forgetC.provide D.inform3.A.hit B.winnerC.fan D.user4.A.giving B.makingC.missing D.having5.A.proud B.inspiringC.exact D.warning6.A.So B.AndC.Thus D.But7.A.intelligence B.confidenceC.strength D.imagination8.A.fun B.prideC.sadness D.silence9.A.still B.justC.even D.again10.A.gain B.loseC.fix D.shake11.A.e