考研考博-英语-普洱学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-普洱学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Lightingcanbeusednotonlytocreateanatmosphere,butalsoto（

）featuresofthehouse,suchasornamentsorpictures.

问题1选项

A.highlight

B.underline

C.activate

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。highlight“突出，强调”；underline“强调，在…下面划线”；activate“刺激，使活动”；upgrade“使升级，提升”。句意：灯光的使用不仅能营造一种氛围，还能突显出房屋的风格，如装饰或图画。A项符合句意，答案A

2.单选题

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

问题1选项

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。enrolling登记,

招收；dedicating献身,

致力，后面一般接介词to;reclaiming开拓,

开垦；

pursuing从事,

进行。句意：过去，大多数护林员都是男性，但今天，从事这一领域的女性人数正在攀升。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Althoughpoliticianstendedto（）acknowledgingthisaspect-ofpolicytoopublicly,intheirmorecandidmomentstheyadmittedthatthiscureforinflationwenthandinglovewithariseinunemploymentaboveNAIRU.

问题1选项

A.steerclearto

B.steerclearingto

C.steerclearof

D.steerclearingof

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配steerclearto“避开”，句意：尽管政客们尽量避免过于公开认证这方面的政策。不存在选项A、B、D搭配。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Anthropologyisthestudyofhumanbeingsascreaturesofsociety.Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysicalandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventionsandvalues,whichdistinguishonecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtodifferenttradition.

Thedistinguishingmarkofanthropologyamongthesocialsciencesisthatitincludesforseriousstudyothersocietiesthanourown.Foritspurposesanysocialregulationofmatingandreproductionisassignificantasourown,thoughitmaybethatoftheSeaDyaks,andhavenopossiblehistoricalrelationtothatofourcivilization.Totheanthropologists,ourcustomsandthoseofNewGuineatribearetwopossiblesocialschemesfordealingwithcommonproblems,andinsofarasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidanyweightingofoneinfavoroftheother.Heisinterestedinhumanbehavior,notasitisshapedbyonetradition,ourown,butasithasbeenshapedbyanytraditionwhatsoever.Heisinterestedinawiderangeofcustomthatisfoundinvariouscultures,andhisobjectiveistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultureschangeanddifferentiate,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthemannerinwhichthecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesoftheindividuals.

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayround.Traditionalcustomisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbelief,andtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

1.Accordingtothepassage,wecansaythatanthropology（）.

2.Forseriousstudy,ananthropologist（）.

3.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthoristrying（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.candealwithhumanbeingsasonegroupofthecreaturesinthelivingworld

B.canrevealanenormousdiversityoftraditions

C.canprovideinsightsintotherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandnature

D.candistinguishthehumanracefromothercreatures

问题2选项

A.mustnotstudyhisownculture

B.isnotsupposedtohaveaprejudiceagainstanysociety

C.shouldfocusonthosesocietieswhicharehistoricallyrelatedtoeachother

D.isobligedtoworkonlyonthosesocietiesthathavenohistoricalrelationshiptoeachother

问题3选项

A.tobecriticalofcustom

B.tosaythatanthropologyismoreimportantthanpsychology

C.tostrengthentherolecustomplaysinexperienceandbelief

D.todrawourintentiontotheimportanceofcustom

问题4选项

A.Thegoaloftheanthropologististounderstandthewayinwhichpeopleexpressthemselves.

B.Theanthropologisttriestounderstandwhyculturesarecarriedonwithoutanychange.

C.Theanthropologist'sprofessionalinterestisaswideasthevarietyofcustoms.

D.Theanthropologististoexploresocialrelationsofdifferentpeople.

问题5选项

A.HumanBehavior.

B.CreatureofSociety.

C.TheScienceofCustom.

D.TheFunctionsofCultures.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段指出:Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysicalandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventionsandvalues,whichdistinguishonecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtodifferenttradition(它把注意力集中在那些自然特征和工业技术、传统和价值观上，它们使一个社区区别于从属于不同传统的其他社会),即人类学能体现从属于不同传统的社会之间的不同,因此B项“揭示传统的巨大多样性”正确。

2.判断推理题。A项中“mustnot”和D项中“only”表述过于绝对,故排除。B:不应该对任何社会存在偏见,第二段指出:...andinsofarasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidanyweightingofoneinfavoroftheother(只要他还作为一位人类学家，他就一定会避免厚此薄彼，对任何文化存在偏见),因此B与原文所述相符。C:应关注历史上相互关联的社会,第二段指出:Foritspurposes,anysocialregulation...andhavenopossiblehistoricalrelationtothatofourcivilization(就其目的而言，任何社会规则……都与我们文化中的社会规则不可能有历史联系),因此C与原文不符。故选B。

3.作者意图题。题干为:在第三段,作者打算…?第三段开始指出:Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment(当前，习俗并没有被看作是一门重要的学科),随后强调了Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayround(事实正好相反)。而后谈及了习俗的作用和多样性。因此作者第三段谈及的是习俗的重要性和地位。故选D。

4.判断推理题。第二段指出:Heisinterestedinawiderangeofcustomthatisfoundinvariouscultures,andhisobjectiveistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultureschangeanddifferentiate,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthemannerinwhichthecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesoftheindividuals(他感兴趣的是在各种文化中所发现的浩瀚的习俗范围，他的目标就是弄懂这些文化变化和相互区别的方式，搞清楚它们表达自己的不同方式，弄明白任何一个民族的习俗在某一特定文化中的个人生活中的作用方式),故选C“人类学家的专业范畴与习俗的丰富性一样广泛”。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了人类学的研究范围、对象和目标。通篇都在介绍人类学所研究的重点是人类的习俗，以及后文重点介绍了习俗的重要性和地位。故C项“习俗的科学”比较适合做文章标题。

5.单选题

ManyofourWelshpeoplearegoingtosettleinNorthCarolina,______landischeap.

问题1选项

A.that

B.which

C.ofwhich

D.where

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。根据句子可知，前半部分句子完整，且后面的句子前有逗号，所以空格部分是一个非限制性定语从句，排除A、C选项；先行词NorthCarolina在从句当中充当地点状语，关系词应该用where，D项符合。句意：我们很多威尔士人都打算去北卡罗莱纳州定居，那里的土地很便宜。因此，该题选择D项正确。

6.单选题

TomandRachelLeihbachei’sfriendshavealwaysbeeninstrumentalintheirlives.

问题1选项

A.approachable

B.thoughtful

C.functional

D.helpful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。instrumental表示“乐器的，有帮助的，仪器的”；A项approachable“亲切友善的，易理解的，可接近的”，B项thoughtful“深思的，体贴的，关切的”，C项functional“功能的”，D项helpful“有帮助的，有益的”。句意：汤姆和雷切尔雷巴赫的朋友在他们的生活中一直很有帮助。根据句意可知，instrumental在句中表示“有帮助的”，D项的意思符合句子。因此，该题选择D项正确。

7.翻译题

1.“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives.（PassageOne）

2.Findingwaystogetmoreandbettersleepcanbeachallenge.Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleepdisorders.Somesleepingdisordersaregenetic.Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayinguplateandbytravelingfrequentlybetweentimezonesorbyworkingnights.（PassageTwo）

3.Sellingonlinecarrieditsownrisks,however.Withsomanycompaniescompetingforconsumers'attention,pricecompetitionwasintenseandprofitmarginsthinornonexistent.（PassageThree）

4.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.（PassageFour）

5.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversations:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.（PassageFive）

【答案】1.《教孩子如何思考》一书讲述了如何提高孩子的洞察力，透彻理解话语的含义以及探讨话语的不同意图。

2.想办法获得更多更好的睡眠是一个挑战。科学家已经确认了80多种不同的睡眠障碍问题。有些睡眠障碍是遗传的。但许多问题是由熬夜、频繁地在不同时区之间旅行或夜间工作造成的。

3.然而，网上销售也有风险。由于有如此多的公司都争着要吸引消费者的注意力，价格竞争就会非常激烈，而利润就会越来越少，甚至毫无利润可言。

4.道路礼貌行为不仅指具备良好的行为举止，同时也指具备良好的意识表现。当遇到不文明行为时，需要驾驶员报纸最清醒的头脑和很好的脾气来控制住心中报复的念头。

5.更不用说像谈话这样复杂的事情，现在最先进的计算机正竭力地去认识物体的形状，而这是十个月大的孩子要完成的任务。

8.单选题

To（

）istosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.

问题1选项

A.conserve

B.conceive

C.convert

D.contrive

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。conserve意为“保护，保藏，保存”；conceive意为“想象，设想”；convert意为“（使）转变”；contrive意为“设计，发明”。句意：保存就是节约与保护，把我们现在享有的好的条件留给其他人来共享。

9.单选题

Thequantumtheorystates（

）,aslight,isgivenoffandabsorbedindefiniteunitscalledquantaorphotons.

问题1选项

A.energythat

B.thatitisenergy

C.itisenergy

D.thatenergy

【答案】D

【解析】考查宾语从句。states是谓语，后面接一个句子做宾语。宾语从句需要一个引导词that,另外宾语从句还缺少主语，故D项正确。句意：量子理论认为，能量，比如光，是以量子或光子的基本单位来释放和吸收的。

10.判断题

测试使用的判断题，请勿组到其他试卷中，该试题只用于后台测试，造成不便请多包涵

问题1选项

A.对

B.错

【答案】A

【解析】试题解析

11.翻译题

各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的办法。然而，特别是对艺术学科来说，要想了解一个人的艺术禀赋资质和艺术实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。

【答案】Contrasttotherapidandastonishingdevelopmentinvarioussubjects,thewayofmeasuringknowledgeandabilityremainsasbefore,ratherprimitive.Sofar,therehasbeennowaywhichismoreeffectiveandreliablethanexamsineducation,whichseemskindofqueer.Thoughsomepeoplebelievethatexamscouldweighone’sknowledgelevel,thetruthisjusttheopposite,asisobvioustoall.Examsmaybeanot-so-badsolutiontotesttheabilitytoremembersomethingbyroteortoanswerquestionsquicklyyetundergreatpressure,buttheyareofvainifyouwanttoknowaboutthegift,intelligenceorpracticalabilitiesofaperson.

12.单选题

The（

）ofourtriptoWashingtonwasthevisittotheWhiteHouse.

问题1选项

A.climate

B.extremity

C.maximun

D.novel

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。climate意为“气候”；extremity意为“末端，端点，尽头”；maximun意为“最大值，最大”；novel意为“小说”。

句意：我们华盛顿之行的最后一站是参观白宫。

13.单选题

Thedoctorsdon’t（）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.

问题1选项

A.monitor

B.manifest

C.articulate

D.anticipate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项monitor“监视”；B选项manifest“表明”；C选项articulate“清晰地表达”；D选项anticipate“预计”。句意：医生们预计那位病人活不了太久了。本句表示预计病人的存活时间，因此D选项正确。

14.单选题

Wearetoldthatthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogramme,Panorama.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtosomanyintimationsaboutsocieties,formsoflife,attitudesotherthanthosewhichobtainintheirownlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities;widthofjudgment,asenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnonotethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinaquarryandwhichmay,conceivablygotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdoesnotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesareresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobserve—fleetingly—individuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthem,issufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesire,tokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.TheorgansoftheEstablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandWhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathatthenwillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquirydonotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiriesmightreallyhurt,Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptions.Ofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestiontheseclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogrammersgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationinitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo.Thereareexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

Theresultcanbeseeninahundredradioandtelevisionprogrammersasplainlyasinthenormaltreatmentofpublicissuesinthepopularpress.Differentlevelsofbackgroundinthereadersorviewersmaybeassumed,butwhatusuallytakesplaceisasubstitutefortheprocessofarrivingatjudgment.Programmerssuchasthisarenoteworthylessforthe'stimulation'theyofferthanforthefactthatthatstimulation(repeatedatregularintervals)maybecomeasubstitutefor,andsoahindranceto,judgmentscarefullyarrivedatandtestedinthemindandonthepulses.Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything.

1.TheauthorholdsthattheEstablishmentshouldtryto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whenmasscommunicationsdealwithintellectualmatters,theyshould（）.

3.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedraljusttoshow（）.

4.Theword“fleetingly”inParagraph1means（）.

5.Inthepassagetheauthorcriticizesthemassmediafor（）.

问题1选项

A.doagoodservicetosociety

B.altertheformofpublicinstitutions

C.maintainitspositioninsociety

D.kindlestrongemotionsinthepublic

问题2选项

A.lookonthemasadomesticpastime

B.regardthemasmostpressingmatters

C.thinkofthemascontroversialmatters

D.considerthemtobeofonlydomesticinterest

问题3选项

A.sometimespayingcloseattentiontodetailsisextremelyimportant

B.greatworksofartusuallyneedgoodandsolidfoundations

C.theancientsocietyhaddifferentbeliefs

D.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialsonly

问题4选项

A.attentively

B.transiently

C.Sentimentally

D.strictly

问题5选项

A.theirwideningthegapbetweenreadersorviewers

B.theirfailingtoreachanydefiniteconclusionsoverwhattheyreport

C.theirsettingtoointellectualastandard

D.theircateringforasmallnumberofaudiences

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:文章第二段提到无论这些组织的初衷有多么美好，也不管它们的形式是什么样的，比如国家、教会、社团、政党等等，都只会为了平衡各方的利益而屈从于现状，所以作者认为应该努力改变公共机构的形式，选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第三段最后一句话Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything提到大众传媒让知识事宜失去本来的活力，让它们坐在壁炉旁，有序却无用，就像一场家庭游戏。由此可以看出，大众传媒在处理知识相关的事情时，把它看作一场娱乐。选项A符合题意。

第3题:从文章第一段最后三句提到通过练石场的大量石头，人们可以想象出这些石头极有可能被用来建教堂。大众传媒不能建大教堂，而且它们展示石头的方式并不能提示他人去建造。作者采用对比手法的目的只是为了说明要想得到某些有价值的结果并不能只是依靠原料本身，所以选项D符合题意。

第4题:attentively“聚精会神地”；transiently“短暂的”；sentimentally“多情地”；strictly“严格地”。选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章第二段第二三句作者批判大众媒体不能对所报道的内容给出绝对真实的评论，所以选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

To（）aroomistokeepitsuppliedwithfreshair.

问题1选项

A.blaze

B.ventilate

C.boast

D.violate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项blaze“燃烧；怒视”；B选项ventilate“（使）通风”；C选项boast“吹嘘；以有……而自豪”；D选项violate“违反；侵犯”。句意：……就是使它充满新鲜空气。后文的freshair“新鲜空气”，想在室内呼吸到新鲜空气就需要给房间通风。因此B选项符合题意。

16.单选题

What’shotfor2007amongtheveryrich?A$7.3milliondiamondring.AtriptoTanzaniatohuntwildanimals.Oh,andincomeinequality.

Sure,someleftistbillionaireslikeGeorgeSoroshavebeenrailingagainstinequalityforyears.Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.

InDecember,MortimerZuckermanwroteacolumninU.S.New&WorldReport,whichheowns,“Ournation’scorebargainwiththemiddleclassisdisintegrating,”lamentedthe117th-richestmaninAmerica.“Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.”Henotedthat“TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.”

WilburRossJr.hasechoedZuckerman’sangeroverthebitterstrugglesfacedbymiddle-classAmericans.“It’sanoutragethatanyAmerican’slifeexpectancyshouldbeshortenedsimplybecausethecompanytheyworkedforwentbankruptandendedhealth-carecoverage,”saidtheformerchairmanoftheInternationalSteelGroup.

What’shappening?TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.GiventherecentchangeofcontrolinCongress,thepopularityofmeasureslikeincreasingtheminimumwage,andeffortsbyCalifornian’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare,theseguysdon’tneedtheirownpersonalweathermentoknowwhichwaythewindblows.It’spossiblethatplutocratsareexpressingsolidaritywiththestrugglingmiddleclassaspartofanefforttoinsulatethemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxpolicies.Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.

No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.

Inotherwords,ifmiddle-classAmericanscontinuetostrugglefranticallyastheultrawealthygroweverwealthier,itwillbeincreasinglydifficulttomaintainpoliticalsupportforthefreeflowofgoods,services,andcapitalacrossborders.AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.Forpeoplewhobuyandsellcompanies,orwhoallocatecapitaltomarketsallaroundtheworld,that’stherealnightmare.

61.WhatisthecurrenttopicofcommoninterestamongtheveryrichinAmerica?

62.WhatdowelearnfromMortimerZuckerman’slamentation?

63.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanlearnthat______.

64.Whatistherealreasonforplutocratstoexpresssolidaritywiththemiddleclass?

65.WhatmayhappeniftheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods?

问题1选项

A.Thefateoftheultra-wealthypeople.

B.Thedisintegrationofthemiddleclass.

C.Theinequalityinthedistributionofwealth.

D.Theconflictbetweentheleftandtherightwing.

问题2选项

A.Manymiddle-incomefamilieshavefailedtomakeabargainforbetterwelfare.

B.TheAmericaneconomicsystemhascausedmanycompaniestogobankrupt.

C.TheAmericannationisbecomingmoreandmoredivideddespiteitswealth.

D.ThemajorityofAmericansbenefitlittlefromthenation’sgrowingwealth.

问题3选项

A.theveryricharefashion-conscious

B.theveryricharepoliticallysensitive

C.universalhealthcareistobeimplementedthroughoutAmerica

D.Congresshasgainedpopularitybyincreasingtheminimumwage

问题4选项

A.Theywanttoprotectthemselvesfromconfiscatorytaxation.

B.Theyknowthatthemiddleclasscontributemosttosociety.

C.Theywanttogainsupportforglobaleconomicintegration.

D.Theyfeelincreasinglythreatenedbyeconomicinsecurity.

问题5选项

A.Thepricesofimportedgoodswillinevitablysoarbeyondcontrol.

B.Theinvestorswillhavetomakegreateffortstore-allocatecapital.

C.Thewealthywillattempttobuyforeigncompaniesacrossborders.

D.Foreigncountrieswillplacethesameeconomicbarriersinreturn.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】61.细节事实题。题干意思是“当前美国富人共同感兴趣的话题是什么？”。第二段提到Butincreasingly,centristandright-wingbillionairesarestartingtoworryaboutincomeinequalityandthefateofthemiddleclass.（但越来越多的中间派和右翼亿万富翁开始担心收入不平等和中产阶级的命运），可知当前美国富人共同感兴趣的话题是收入不平等和中产阶级的命运，所以C项“财富分配的不平等”正确。A项“超级富豪的命运”和D项“左翼和右翼之间的冲突”在文中没有提到；B项“中产阶级的解体”太片面，美国富人担心的是国家与中产阶级的核心交易的瓦解。因此，该题选择C项正确。

62.推理判断题。题干意思是“我们从MortimerZuckerman的悲叹中学到了什么？”。根据题干定位到文章第三段，原文提到Mostofoureconomicgainshavegonetopeopleattheverytopoftheincomeladder.Averageincomeforahouse-holdofpeopleofworkingage,bycontrast,hasfallenfiveyearsinarow.（我们的大部分经济收益都流向了收入阶梯最顶端的人；相比之下，工薪阶层家庭的平均收入却连续5年下降），可推断，尽管国家财富增长，但大多流向了收入最顶端的人，大部分的美国人得到的越来越少，故D项“大多数美国人从国家不断增长的财富中获益甚少”正确，由此也可知A项“许多中等收入家庭未能争取到更好的福利”错误；第三段最后一句讲到TensofmillionsofAmericansliveinfearthatamajorhealthproblemcanreducethemtobankruptcy.（数以千万计的美国人生活在恐惧之中，担心一个重大的健康问题就会让他们破产），由此可知B项“美国的经济体制已经导致许多公司破产”表述与原文不符；C项“美国国家变得越来越分裂，尽管它很富有”在该段没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

63.推理判断题。题干意思是“从第五段我们可以了解到……”。第五段第二句提到TheveryricharejustastrendyasyouandI,andcanbesowhenitcomestopoliticsandpolicy.（富人和你我一样适应潮流，在政治和政策方面也可以如此），可以推断，富人在政治和政策方面也非常敏感，故B项“非常富有的人在政治上很敏感”正确。A项“非常富有的人有时尚意识”是文中的一个比较，用来突出富人在政治方面的敏感性，该项不选；由andeffortsbyCalifornian’sgovernortoofferuniversalhealthcare（以及加州州长提供全民医疗保健的努力）这一句可知，C项“全民医疗保健将在整个美国实施”表述错误；D项“国会通过提高最低工资获得了欢迎”，文中只提到了国会提高最低工资等措施的流行，并没有描述它的欢迎程度。因此，该题选择B项正确。

64.细节事实题。题干意思是“富豪们表达与中产阶级团结一致的真正原因是什么？”。根据第六段No,whattheyfearwasthatthepoliticalchallengesofsustainingsupportforglobaleconomicintegrationwillbemoredifficultintheUnitedStatesbecauseofwhathashappenedtothedistributionofincomeandeconomicinsecurity.（不，他们担心的是，由于收入分配不均和经济不安全，美国面临的持续支持全球经济一体化的政治挑战将更加困难）可知，富豪们表达与中产阶级团结一致的真正原因是想得到全球经济一体化的支持，故C项“他们希望获得对全球经济一体化的支持”正确。由第五段最后一句Buttheprospectthatincomeinequalitywillleadtohighertaxesonthewealthydoesn’tkeepplutocratsupatnight.Theycanlivewiththat.（但收入不平等将导致对富人增税的前景不会让富豪们夜不能寐，他们承受得了）可知，A项“他们想保护自己不被没收”和D项“他们感到越来越受到经济不安全感的威胁”不符合原文；B项“他们知道中产阶级对社会贡献最大”在文中没有提及。因此，该题选择C项正确。

65.细节事实题。题干意思是“如果美国对外国投资者和外国商品设置障碍，会发生什么？”。由最后一段倒数第二句AndwhentheUnitedStatesplacesobstaclesinthewayofforeigninvestorsandforeigngoods,it’slikelytoencouragereciprocalactionabroad.（当美国为外国投资者和外国商品设置障碍时，很可能会鼓励国外的对等行动）可知，如果美国对外国投资者和外国商品设置障碍，其他国家也会采取相应的措施，故D项“外国将设置同样的经济壁垒作为回报”正确。A项“进口商品的价格将不可避免地飙升到无法控制的程度”、B项“投资者将不得不做出巨大的努力来重新配置资本”和C项“富人将试图跨越国界购买外国公司”在文中都未提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。

17.翻译题

AnothermilestoneonthejourneytowardsdigitalcashwaspassedonNovember13th.Thatdatemarkedtheemergencefrombeta-testinginAmericaofV.me,a“digitalwallet”thatholdsmultiplepaymentcards,inavirtualrepository(容器).1.Insteadofprovidingtheirpersonaldetailandcardnumberstopayforstuffonline,customersjustenterausernameandapassword.TheserviceisprovidedbyVisa,agiantcard-paymentnetworkwhoseheadquartersisintheheartofSiliconValley,closetoahostoftechnologyfirmswhichwouldlovetogettheirhandsonachunkoftheglobalpaymentsbusiness.

TheshorttermnewtechnologyisactuallyboostingusageofplasticSmartphoneappsoftenrequireuserstoentertheircarddetailstopayforservices.FirmssuchasSquareandPayPalhavedevelopedtinycardreadersthatplugintosmartphonesandallowsmalltradersusingtheirfewertoacceptpaymentscheaply.EdMcLaughlin,whooverseesemergingpaymentstechnologiesatMasterCard,reckonssuchdevelopmentshaveadded1.2mnewbusinessesoverthepast12monthstothecardfirmslistofmerchants.

2.Butevenifplasticcardseventuallygothewayofvinylrecords(黑胶唱片),cardnetworksshouldstillprosperbecausetheytooareinvestingheavilyinnewtechnologyandhaveseveralbuilt-inadvantages.VisaisbettinghasmemberbanscanhelpittonarrowthegapwithrivalslikePayPal,forinstance,whichispartofe-Bayandhasgrownto11mactiveusers,thanksinparttoitsuseontheauctionsite.Over50financialinstitutionsaresupportingthelaunchofV.me,whichacceptsnon-visacardsinitswallet,tooMasterCardandothersarealsotoutingdigitalwallets,someofwhichcanholddigitalcouponsandticketsaswellascarddetails.

Beforelongallofthesewalletsarelikelytoenduponmobilephones,whichcanbeusedtobuythingsinstoresandotherplaces.ThisiswherefirmssuchasSquare,whichhasdevelopeditsownelegantandeasy-to-usemobilewalletandGooglehavebeenfocusingplentyofenergy.JenniferSchulz,Visa’sglobalheadofe-commerce,predictstherewillbeashake-outthatleavesonlyafewwalletprovidersstanding.Thankstotheirtrustedbrands,bigbudgetsandpaymentssavvy(机智，悟性),oneormorecardcompanieswillbeamongthem.

Cardnetworksarealsotakingstakesininnovativefirmstokeepaneyeonpotentiallydisruptivetechnologies.Visaownspartofsquare,whichrecentlystruckadealwithStarbuckstomakeitsmobile-paymentserviceavailablein7,000ofthecoffeechainoutletsinAmerica,VisahasalsoinvestedinMonitise,amobile-bankingspecialist.AmericanExpress,foritspart,hassetupa$100mdigital-commercefund,oneofwhoseinvestmentsisiniZettle,aSquare-likefirmbasedinSweden.

Sofarfewhavetriedtocreatenewpaymentssystemsfromscratch.Thosethathavetoyedwiththeidea,suchasISIS,aconsortiumoftelecomscompaniesinAmerica,haveconcludeditisfartoocostlyandpainfultodealwithregulators,setupanti-fraudsystemsandsoforth.Fearsaboutthesecurityofnew-fangledpaymentsystemsalsoplayintothehandsofestablishedcardfirms.

Still,theycannotrelax.BryanKeane,ananalystatDeutscheRank,pointsoutrivaldigitalwalletscouldpromotealternativestocreditanddebitcards,includingstorevaluecardsanddirectbank-account-to-bank-accountpayments3.BigretailersinAmericahaveclubbedtogethertocreatetheirowndigitalwalletandarelikelytopromptuserstochoosethepaymentoptionsthatarecheapestforthechainsbyofferingthemincentiveslikecoupons.

JackDorsey,thebossofSquareandaco-founderofTwitter,agreesthatdigitalwalletswillmakethetrade-offsbetweenvariouspaymentoptionsclearertoconsumerandreckonsthiswillforcecardnetworkstouptheirgame.“Theyhadamajorinnovation60yearsago”,hesays,“andtherehavebeenvery,veryfewinnovationssince”4.Someinthepaymentsworldmightquibble(狡辩)withthatbutonethingtheycanal