考研考博-英语-山西农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,"doingourownthing",hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwell-regardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyform,thatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle:WhyWeShould,Like,Care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

1.AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish（

）.

2.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes

（

）.

3.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?

4.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as（

）.

问题1选项

A.isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

B.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

C.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

D.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

问题2选项

A.modesty

B.personality

C.liveliness

D.informality

问题3选项

A.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

B.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

C.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.

D.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.

问题4选项

A.interestintheirlanguage

B.appreciationoftheirefforts

C.admirationfortheirmemory

D.contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

问题5选项

A.‘"temporary’’isto“permanent”

B.“radical”isto“conservative”

C.“functional”isto“artistic”

D.“humble”isto“noble”

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”，forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.（Mr.McWhorter的学术专长是语言的历史和变化，例如，他认为“谁”这一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比失去古英语中的词格尾缀的消失更令人遗憾）可知Mr.McWhorter认为正式英语的衰变是一种自然的现象，因此选B。

2.词义题。根据题干关键词talking定位到文章第三段中的InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.（在英语口语和书面语中，交谈战胜了演讲，自然表达胜过了精雕细琢），分析句子可知talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft是对应关系，talking对应的spontaneity，specking对应craft，可推测演讲是需要精心准备的，而谈话则是自然随意的，因此D选项“非正式的”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas（他承认，人类语言的所有种类，包括非标准语言，包括黑人英语这样非标准语言，都具有很强的表达力。世界上没有一种语言或方言不能表达复杂的思想）可知A选项“逻辑思维不一定与我们说话的方式有关”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.（Mr.McWhorter承认，正式的语言并不是绝对必要的，他并没有提出任何激进的教育改革——他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可知Mr.McWhorter认同俄罗斯记住诗歌的做法，认为是somethingbeautiful，对其做法是赞同的，因此B选项“赞赏他们的努力”。

5.推理判断题。由heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful（他其实只是为那些美好而不是实用品的消逝而感到遗憾）可推测paperplates（纸盘）指的是实用性，而china（瓷盘）指美，具有艺术性，因此选C。

2.单选题

Thestudentswillputoffthematchuntilnextweek,（

）theywon’tbesobusy.

问题1选项

A.since

B.as

C.when

D.while

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此句的先行词为nextweek，在从句中作时间状语，因此引导词用when。句意：学生们将把比赛推迟到下周，那时他们不会那么忙。

3.单选题

Mostreadersunderestimatetheamountofrewritingitusuallytakestoproduceaspontaneousreading.Thisisagreatdisadvantagetothestudentwriter,whoseesonlyafinishedproductandneverwatchesthecraftsmanwhotakesthenecessarystepback,studiestheworkcarefully,returnstothetask,stepsback,returns,stepsback,againandagain.AnthonyBurgess,oneofthemostproductivewritersintheEnglishspeakingcountries,admits,“Imightreviseapagetwentytimes.”RonaldDahl,thepopularchildren’swriter,states,BythetimeI’mnearingtheendofastory,thefirstpartwillhavebeenrereadandchangedandcorrectedatleast150times...Goodwritingisessentiallyre-writing.Iampositiveofthis.’’Rewritingisn’tsomethingthatoughttobedone.Itissimplysomethingthatmostwritersfindtheyhavetodotodiscoverwhattheyhavetosayandhowtosayit.Itisaconditionofthewriter’slife.

Thereare，however，afewwriterswhodolittleformalrewriting，primarilybecausetheyhavethecapacityandexperiencetocreateandreviewalargenumberofinvisibledraftsintheirmindsbeforetheyapproachthepage.Andsomewritersslowlyproducefinishedpages,performingallthetasksofrevision，pagebypage.Butitisstillpossibletoseethesequencefollowedbymostwritersmostofthetimeinrereadingtheirownwork.

Mostwriterscanscantheirdraftfirst，readingasquicklyaspossibletocatchthelargerproblemsofsubjectandform,thenmoveincloserandcloserastheyreadandwrite,rereadandrewrite.

1.Whatdoesthestudentwriterfailtodo?

2.WhatdoweknowaboutAnthonyBurgess?

3.Whydosomewritersdolittleformalrewriting?

4.Whatdomostwritershaveincommon?

问题1选项

A.Tohaveenoughtimetodevotetowriting.

B.Tofindhisdisadvantageinwriting.

C.Toseehisworkscomplete.

D.Toobserveotherwritersrewrite.

问题2选项

A.Heisthefirstpersontofindthedisadvantageofthestudentwriter.

B.Heisacraftsmanwhoalwaysregretswhathehasdoneandthereforeredoesit.

C.Hehaspublishedmanyliteraryworks.

D.Heenjoyswritingonthesamepagemanytimes.

问题3选项

A.Becausetheycandothementalrewriting.

B.Becausetheyarenotpositiveofwhattheyhavetosayorhowtosayit.

C.Becausetheybelieverewritingisnotworthwhile.

D.Becausetheyhavetofindtheirpagesfirstbeforetheywrite.

问题4选项

A.Spendingagreatdealoftimeplottinganddrafting.

B.Performingallthetasksofrevisionatonce.

C.Spendingmostoftheirtimereadingother’sworks.

D.Rereadingandrewritingtheirworks.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句，学生们只注重成品，而不会去回过头进行修改，不会后退去做更多的研究工作，作者认为这是学生作者的缺陷。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据第一段对AnthonyBurgess的介绍,“…oneofthemostproductivewritersintheEnglishspeakingcountries,admits,Imightreviseapagetwentytimes.”，可以看出他说英语的国家中是一为多产的作家，而且很注重作品的修改细节。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据第二段，“primarilybecausetheyhavethecapacityandexperiencetocreateandreviewalargenumberofinvisibledraftsintheirmindsbeforetheyapproachthepage.”，主要是因为这些作家有能力和经验在写作之前，在脑海中完成草稿的创作和审查。选项A符合题意。

4.主旨题。根据文章最后一段，大部分作家首先会扫描自己的作品，以最快的速度阅读，检查出形式和主题方面的问题，然后通过不停地重读和重写进行修改，使其更加完美。选项D符合题意。

4.不定项选择题

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.WedonotrealizethatwavinggoodbyeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gift”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingourfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably（）.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（）.

3.Incountriesotherthantheirown,mostAmericans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americans’culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（）.

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（）.

问题1选项

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

问题2选项

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

问题3选项

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

问题4选项

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

问题5选项

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:词义辨析题。我们首先需要知道四个选项的意思，然后代入原文分析哪一项是和文意相符的，A项“静止”，B项“闪开；躲开”，C项“向前走”，D项“后退；保持距离”，那么我们看到原文的第二段说到，拉美人和中东人喜欢在讲话时和对方更加靠近，而这一点会令美国人很不舒服；那么我们可以推出美国人在面对他们的时候，可能会后退拉开距离，保持在美国人觉得舒适的距离里进行交谈，答案为D。

第2题:作者意图题。问：作者给出这么多例子是为了批评美国的______。第一段指出，美国人的文化使多数美国人认为自己不但语言全球通用，使用的手势也能被别人明白，但他们没有意识到这是不正确的。这实际上是一种自我中心的观点。再回到原文发现第二段和第三段都是在说美国的不好的，举了很多例子，第三段第一句话确实有提到他们的随性，但是这并不是作者本质想要表达，作者第一段就指出，美国人对于自己的文化过于自信，以至于才会导致后面的这些后果，因此这一题的答案应该是A，批评了美国人以自我文化为中心。

第3题:推断题。题目询问在美国以外的国家里，大多数美国人_____。根据文章第5段“Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.（每次出国，我们一般都食宿在说英语的那些宾馆和饭店中，人们对我们的态度和我们所获得的信息都是由说英语的本地人——通常是富人决定的。我们的生意往来，国家的外交活动也是通过翻译才能进行）”，因此，A项的信息在文中并没有提及；B项与文中所陈述的意思相符；C项与文章所提及的观点相背；D项与文中所给的意思不符。

第4题:细节推断题。根据题干定位到倒数第一和倒数第二段，文章说：多年来，美国和美国人在文化上的盲目性和语言的无知上还能凑合，但是现在不一样了，美国已经没有以前那样的统治力，现在如果美国还想在世界事务中发挥更重要的作用；希望在下个世纪的重要决定中占有一席之地的话，他们就必须开始尊重别的语言，别的文化了，因此答案为C。

第5题:全文主旨推断题。题目询问作者写作这篇文章是要使美国人意识到什么。作者在文章的开篇就批评了大多数美国人心目中的一种错误的文化观，即美国的语言世界通用。接着又指出这种文化观所引起的语言和文化上的盲目性和随意性使美国人在世界上失去了朋友、生意和人们的尊重。美国在国际事务中的领先地位也正在失去。由此可看出作者的写作意图是要美国人克服这种文化上的盲目性，了解世界的文化。因此，D项与作者的意图相符。

5.单选题

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

问题1选项

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.表示“对...感到生气”。句意:记者和摄影师都对演员在采访中的粗鲁行为感到十分生气。irritation一般与feel搭配，所以选项B正确。

6.单选题

BarbaraStrozziwasasingerandcomposerofmadrigalsariasandcantataspublishedinVenicebetween1644and1664.Heruseofthesevocalformsplacesherdirectlywithinthecantatatraditionofthemid-seventeenthcentury,alongwithsuchmayorfigureasRossi,Carissimi,andCesti.WiththenotableexceptionofFrancescaCaccioi(1587-1640),sheistheonlyknownwomanamongthemanyariaandcantatacomposersofseventeenth-centuryItaly,andis,presumably,amongtheveryfewwomenoftheperiodtohavepursuedacareerasacomposerandtohaveachievedsomemeasureofpublicrecognition.

Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored.Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste.”Suchanappreciationnowappearsirrelevantaswellaspolemicalinitsincompletenessbecauseweareinabetterposition-withregardtobothhistoricalknowledgeandsocialawareness-toattemptamorepreciseevaluationforasomewhatanomalous(unusual)figurelikeBarbaraStrozzi.

Bornin1619inVenice,shegrewupinthehomeofGiulioStrozzi,arenownedpoetandleadingfigureamongVenetianintellectuals.Barbara’spresenceinGiulio’shouseholdguaranteedheranearlyandfullexposuretoVenetianmusicalandliterarysociety.Indeed,shewasabletoenteraworldthatwas,apparently,closedtoothermembersofhersex.Similarly,FrancescaCaccini,themostprominentandsuccessfulItalianwomancomposeroftheperiod,wasthedaughterofprofessionmusiciansandthereforeexposedtomusicfrominfancy.Thisparallelsuggeststhatsuchanenvironmentmayhavebeenessentialforthedevelopmentofafemalecomposer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,BarbaraStrozzi’smusicattractedattentionearlyinthetwentiethcenturybecauseof（

）.

2.Theauthor’suseoftheword“supposedly”(line4,Para.2)implieswhichofthefollowing?

3.TheauthorofthepassagebasesherassertionthatStrozziisoneoftheveryfewseventeenth-centuryItalianwomencomposersonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

4.TheauthorofthepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwasmostessentialtothesuccessofbothFrancescaCacciniandBarbaraStrozzi?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatallofthefollowingmadeBarbaraStrozzi“asomewhatanomalousfigure”EXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.itsuniquelyprivatecharacter

B.itsinfluenceonFrancescaCaccini

C.thescarcityofseventeenth-centurywomencomposers

D.theunconventionalityofitsforms

问题2选项

A.Theauthordoubtsthehistoricalauthenticityofthequotationthatfollows.

B.Theauthordoubtstheaccuracyofthefactssheisreporting.

C.Theauthordisagreeswiththejudgmentsheisdiscussing.

D.TheauthordoesnotbelievethatStrozzi9smusichasthequalitiescitedinthequotation.

问题3选项

A.Publicrecognitionisanindispensablepartofacareerasacomposer.

B.StrozziandCacciniwereinfluencedbythesamecomposers.

C.Themusicofanywomancomposerwhomherseventeenth-centurycontemporariesregardedasnoteworthywouldbeknowntomodemscholars.

D.Thecantatatraditionofthemed-seventeenthcenturyincludescomposersscholarsandperformersofmadrigalsandariasaswellascantatas.

问题4选项

A.TheirpresenceinVeniceatatimewhenvocalmusicnourished.

B.Theirearlyfirsthandexposuretomusicandmusicians.

C.Thelackofcompetitionfromothercomposers.

D.Thepopularityofmadrigalsandcantatasinseventeenth-centuryItaly.

问题5选项

A.shewasawomancomposerduringtheseventeenthcentury

B.shedidnotwritedramaticworksforvoice

C.shedidnotperformoperaticworks

D.shewrotemovingvocalworks

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段提到这一历史上的与众不同在本世纪初吸引了人们对她作品的关注，而这时大多数和她同时代的男性作曲家，甚至任何时代的女性作曲家的作品，仍然相对被忽视（Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored），由此可知她的作品之所以吸引别人的关注是因为她作品的与众不同，选项D符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第二段提到对她风格的欣赏受到了主流传统的限制，局限于对其女性化特质的孤立：自发性、精致的优雅、绝妙的品味（Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste”），由此可知作者并不赞成这种观点，因此选项C符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第一段最后一句话提到她是十七世纪意大利众多咏叹调和大合唱作曲家中唯一知名的女性，而且她是那个时期为数不多的从事作曲家事业并获得一定程度的公众认可的女性之一（sheistheonlyknownwomanamongthemanyariaandcantatacomposersofseventeenth-centuryItaly,andis,presumably,amongtheveryfewwomenoftheperiodtohavepursuedacareerasacomposerandtohaveachievedsomemeasureofpublicrecognition），因此选项D符合题意。

4.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到芭芭拉很早就接触了威尼斯音乐和文学社会（Barbara’spresenceinGiulio’shouseholdguaranteedheranearlyandfullexposuretoVenetianmusicalandliterarysociety），接着提到了成功的意大利女性作曲家卡西尼从婴儿时期就接触音乐（Similarly,FrancescaCaccini,themostprominentandsuccessfulItalianwomancomposeroftheperiod,wasthedaughterofprofessionmusiciansandthereforeexposedtomusicfrominfancy），因此选项B符合题意。

5.推理判断题。四个选项中，除了选项A“她是17世纪女作曲家”不是她不寻常的原因外，其他三项都是。

7.单选题

Theworld（

）credittoPrinceHenry,knownasHenrytheNavigator,forthedevelopmentofcraftthatmadeoceanicexplorationpossible.

问题1选项

A.owes

B.pays

C.admits

D.gains

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。owecreditto表示“感激，归功于”。句意为：世界应感谢被称为“航海家亨利”的亨利王子，原因是他发展了海船技术，使远洋航行成为可能。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Agoodwayto（）alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.

问题1选项

A.require

B.inquire

C.acquire

D.enquire

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析。根据句意可知，这里指学会一门语言。acquire指获得某物或习得某一技能，所以选项C正确。

9.单选题

Todeveloplightindustryinabigway（）toimprovingthepeople’slivelihood.

问题1选项

A.owes

B.attributes

C.distributes

D.contributes

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项owesto...归功于，因为B选项attributesto把……归功于；C选项distributesto分销，分发给；D选项contributesto对……有贡献，有好处。根据句意可知，大力发展轻工业有利于提高人民生活水平，因此D项正确。

10.填空题

Let’sgetataxi,（1）we?It’s（2）alongwalkandI’mfeelingalittletired.It（3）bejetlagthat’scausingmetorunoutof（4）.Ifeltfinethismorning,butit’sonlybeentwodays（5）IflewbackfromNewYork.

【答案】1.shall

2.really

3.must

4.energy

5.when

【解析】1.固定句式。Letus的反义疑问用shallwe。

2.语义题。句意:真是好长一段距离。空白处需填入一个程度副词，故可以用really。

3.语法题。考查情态动词。表示“肯定的推测”。

4.固定搭配。runoutofenergy没有能量了。

5.语义题。句意:但我从纽约飞回来才两天。When为引导词o

11.不定项选择题

Atthefall2001SocialScienceHistoryAssociationconventioninChicago,theCrimeandJusticeNetworksponsoredaforumonthehistoryofgunownership,gunuse,andgunviolenceintheUnitedStates.Ourpurposewastoconsiderhowsocialsciencehistorymightcontributetothepublicdebateoverguncontrolandgunrights.Todate,wehavehadlittleimpactonthatdebate.Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians,especiallyscholarssuchasGaryKleck,JohnLott,andMichaelBellesiles,whosework,despiteprofoundflaws,ispoliticallycongenialtoeitheropponentsorproponentsofguncontrol.KleckandMarkGertz,forinstance,argueonthebasisoftheirwidelycitedsurveythatgunownerspreventnumerouscrimeseachyearintheUnitedStatesbyusingfirearmstodefendthemselvesandtheirproperty.Iftheirsurveyrespondentsaretobebelieved,Americangunownersshot100,000criminalsin1994inself—defense—apreposterousnumber.Lottclaimsonthebasisofhisstatisticalanalysisofrecentcrimeratesthatlawsallowingprivateindividualstocarryconcealedfirearmstodetermurders,rapes,androbberies,becausecriminalsareafraidtoattackpotentiallyarmedvictims.However,hebiaseshisresultsbyconfininghisanalysistotheyearbetween1977and1992,whenviolentcrimerateshadpeakedandvariedlittlefromyeartoyear.Hereportsonlyregressionmodelsthatsupporthisthesisandneglectstomentionthateachofthosemodelsfindapositiverelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandrealincome,andaninverserelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandunemployment.

ContrarytoKleckandLott,BellesilesinsiststhatgunsandAmerica’s“gunculture”areresponsibleforAmerica’shighrateofmurder.InBelleville’sopinion,relativelyfewAmericansownedgunsbeforethe1850sorknowhowtouse,maintain,orrepairthem.Asaresult,hesays,gunscontributedlittletothehomiciderate,especiallyamongwhites,whichwasloweverywhere,evenintheSouthandonthefrontier,wherehistoriansonceassumedgunandmurderwenthandinhand.AccordingtoBellesiles,thesepatternschangeddramaticallyaftertheMexicanWarandespeciallyaftertheCivilWar,whengunownershipbecamewidespreadandculturalchangesencouragedtheuseofhandgunstocommandrespectandresolvepersonalandpoliticaldisputes.Theresultwasanunprecedentedwaveofgun-relatedhomicidesthatnevertrulyabated.Tothisday,theUnitedStateshasthehighesthomiciderateofanyindustrialdemocracy.Bellesiles’slowestimatesofgunownershipinearlyAmericaconflict,however,withthoseofeveryhistorianwhohaspreviouslystudiedthesubjectandhasthusfarprovenirreproducible.Everyhomicidestatistichepresentsiseithermisleadingorwrong.

GiventheinfluenceofKleck,Lott,Bellesilesandotherpartisanscholarsonthedebateoverguncontrolandgunrights,wefeltaneedtopulltogetherwhatsocialsciencehistorianshavelearnedtodateaboutthehistoryofgunownershipandgunviolenceinAmerica,andtoconsiderwhatresearchmethodsandprojectsmightincreaseourknowledgeinthenearfuture.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthepublicdebateoverguncontrol?

2.TheauthormentionsKleck,Lott,andBellesilesmainlyto（）.

3.Theauthor’smaincriticismofJohnLottisthathe（）.

4.WithwhichofthefollowingwillBellesilesmostprobablyagree?

5.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

问题1选项

A.IthaslittleinfluenceontheforumsponsoredbytheCrimeandJusticeNetwork.

B.Neithersupportersnoropponentsofguncontrolcitetheworksofscholars.

C.Theworksofmainstreamsocialscientistshavegreatimpactonit.

D.Manysocialsciencehistorianshavesofarfailedtotakepartinit.

问题2选项

A.illustratetheinfluencetheyhaveontheissueofguncontrol

B.refutetheclaimthatprivateownershipoffirearmswilldeterviolentcrimes

C.supportthethesisthatgunownershipleadstomoreviolence

D.demonstratewhyresearchmethodsshouldbeimprovedinthestudyofthegunownershiphistory

问题3选项

A.advocatesprivateownershipoffirearms

B.isnotobjectiveinhisanalysis

C.hasanalyzedawrongperiod

D.hasciteddubiousstatistics

问题4选项

A.Guncontrolshouldbetightened.

B.Gunshavelittletodowithmurder.

C.“Gunculture”wastheresultofhighhomicideratesinAmerica.

D.Thestatisticsthatearlierhistoriansproducedofgunownershipisreliable.

问题5选项

A.resolvingapublicdisputeoverguncontrol

B.describingtheeffectsofearlierstudiesonguncontrol

C.analyzingtheflawsintheprevioustheoriesaboutguncontrol

D.summarizingtherecentdevelopmentinthestudiesofguncontrol

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。下面哪一个关于公众对枪支的控制的陈述是正确的？选项A“它对犯罪与司法网创建的论坛的影响很小”；选项B“枪支控制的支持者和反对者都没有引用学者的观点”；选项C“主流社会科学家的观点对其有很大的影响”；选项D“许多社会科学历史学家目前不能够参与其中”，根据文章第一段中“Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians它被主流的社会科学家和历史学家所主导”，可知社会科学历史学家对犯罪与司法网所创建的论坛的影响极大，由此可知其对民众的看法也具有很大的影响，可知正确答案为选项C。

第2题:推理判断题。作者提到Kleck，Lott和Bellesiles是为了，选项A“说明他们对枪支控制问题上的影响力”；选项B“反驳个人拥有枪火会阻止暴力犯罪这个观点”；选项C“支持枪支所有权会带来犯罪这个理论”；选项D“论证为何枪支所有权的历史研究的研究方法需要改善”，根据文章第一段中“Ithasbeendominatedbymainstreamsocialscientistsandhistorians,especiallyscholarssuchasGaryKleck,JohnLott,andMichaelBellesiles,whosework,despitepropoundflaws,ispoliticallycongenialtoeitheropponentsorproponentsofguncontrol.它被主流的社会科学家和历史学家所主导，尤其是GaryKleck，JohnLott，和MichaelBellesiles这样的学者，他们的理论尽管存在缺陷，但还是被枪支控制问题的反对者和支持者在政治上所拥护”，可知这些学者的观点都存在其缺陷，之后作者在介绍他们的观点的时候也会强调他们的观点所存在的一些问题，文章最后一段中得出结论我们需要运用更好的研究方式，了解更多关于枪支使用权的历史知识来更好地了解这个问题，所以作者引用Kleck，Lott和Bellesile是为了论证为何枪支所有权的历史研究的研究方法需要改善，故正确答案为选项D。

第3题:推理判断题。对JohnLott的主要批评是什么，选项A“提倡私人拥有枪支”；选项B“不是客观的分析”；选项C“分析了一个错误的时间”；选项D“引用了可疑的数据”，根据文章第一段末尾“Hereportsonlyregressionmodelsthatsupporthisthesisandneglectstomentionthatechoofthosemodelsfindapositiverelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandrealincome,andaninverserelationshipbetweenviolentcrimeandunemployment.他只报道了支持他的理论的回归模型而没有提及那些模型所反映出来的暴力犯罪与实际收入之间呈正相关，与失业问题呈反相关的问题”，由此可知JohnLott的理论不够客观，忽略了很多相关的因素，故正确答案为选项B。

第4题:推理判断题。Bellesiles最有可能同意以下哪个观点？选项A“应该加强枪支控制”；选项B“枪支和谋杀没有任何关系”；选项C“枪支文化是美国杀人率高的原因”；选项D“早期的历史学家提供的关于拥有枪支的数据是值得信赖的”，根据文章第二段中“Theresultwasanunprecedentedwaveofgun-relatedhomic