考研考博-英语-上海东海职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海东海职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thenewbiologicalpsychiatrydoesnotdenythecontributingroleofpsychologicalfactorsinmentalillnesses,butpositsthatthesefactorsmayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditionsand（

）suchillnesses.

问题1选项

A.disguise

B.impede

C.consummate

D.precipitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项disguise“掩饰；假装”；B选项impede“阻碍；妨碍；阻止”；C选项consummate“完成；作成”；D选项precipitate“使（坏事）突然发生”；猛地落下”。句意：新的生物精神病学并没有否认心理因素在精神疾病中的作用，而是假设这些因素可能作为现有生理条件的催化剂而起作用，并······这类疾病。在本句中，“因素”与“疾病之间”是引起与被引起的关系。因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Myneighborsoneithersideofmehavepaintedtheirhouses,（

）ofcoursemakesmyhouselookshabbierthanitreallyis.

问题1选项

A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。空格处所填单词指代前面句子的内容，即我两边邻居都给他们的房子刷了漆，也就是指这件事，故排除BC两项。再由空格前的逗号可知，次从句为非限制性定从，故用which引导。句意：我两边的邻居都给他们的房子刷了漆，这让我的房子比实际上更显得破旧。答案D

3.单选题

TheDuPontCompany,the13thlargestemployerintheU.S.，routinelygivespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobstodeterminewhomightbeacarrierofthetraitforsickle-cellanemia,eventhoughthetraitisregardedaslargelyharmless.Althoughthereareothergeneticallytransmittedblooddiseasesandmetabolicdisordersthatpredominateinracialorethnicgroups,blacksaretheonlyonestobeidentifiedwithadiseaseandexaminedforitatDuPont.InathreemonthstudyofgeneticscreeningintheAmericanworkplace,theNewYorkTimesfoundnootherinstanceofanethnicorracialgroupsingledoutinanorganizationorcompany.DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals.Yettheofficialscanoffernofirmevidencethatthetrait―notthedisease,butonlyasingleabnormalgene—makesblacksmorevulnerable.DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreeningandthusisatthecenterofthedebateoverthisareaofscience,debatesointense,sobroad,thatevenmedicaldirectorsfromothercompanieswhobelievethepossibilitiesofgeneticscreeningwantnopartofit.Atleast,nowtheofficialsatDuPontCompany,aleaderinthechemicalindustrywithannualgrosssalesofmorethan$10billion,feeltheyhavethemoneyandthescientiststoturnthedistrustintoachievement.Ifsomechemicalsarehighlytoxicandtheworkplaceislessthanpure,companyofficialsreason,itisonlylogicaltotrytodeterminewhysomeworkersgetsickerfasterandwhyothersseemtohavemoretoleranceforindustrialpoisons.Andsothecompanyislookingbeyondtheskillsandloyaltyofitsworkerstogeneticstructure.

Thesickle-celltraitisnotthesameassickle-cellanemia.Theanemiaisrarebutdebilitatingdisorderfoundinfewerthan50,000Americanblacks,abouttwo-tenthsofapercentoftheblackpopulation.Perhapstwomillionotherblacksarecarriersofthetrait—theyareheterozygous.Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDuPont?

2.WhatdoDuPontofficialssay?

3.Whatistrueaboutgeneticscreening?

4.Theunderlinedword"toxic"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecarriersofsick-celltrait?

问题1选项

A.Itexaminedthebloodofsomeblacks

B.Itexaminedsomeblacksfortheirknowledgeofblood.

C.Itdiscoveredthatsomeblackshavebloodillness.

D.Itdiscoveredthebloodofsomeblackscontainingindustrialchemicals.

问题2选项

A.Theyaretryingtoprotectblacksformhealththreats.

B.Theycanprovethatblacksarelikelytohavehealthproblems.

C.Theyregardtheskillsofworkersasthemostimportantmatter.

D.Theyhopethatothercompaniescanfollowtheirexample.

问题3选项

A.Itoftenaimsatblackemployees.

B.Itsfocusisoftenonsickle-cellanemia.

C.Somecompaniesdonotwanttodoit.

D.TheUSgovernmentstronglysupportsit.

问题4选项

A.powerful

B.complex

C.thick

D.poisonous

问题5选项

A.Theirnumberisabout50,000.

B.Theyusuallyseemtohavenormallives.

C.Theyincludeoverhalfoftheblackpopulation

D.Theydonotseemtobeaffectedbyindustrialchemicals.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到DuPont公司对来应聘的黑人进行血液检测（givespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobs），选项A符合题意。

2.文章提到DuPont公司官方发言人强调这种做法不是歧视，而是在帮助他们避免潜在的疾病威胁（DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals），选项A符合题意。

3.文章提到DuPont公司是美国做基因筛查的先锋（DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreening），所以可以推测出一些公司并不想做这个筛查。选项C符合题意。

4.题干中的toxic是“有毒的”的意思。powerful有力的；complex复杂的，thick浓的；厚的；poisonous有毒的。选项D符合题意。

5.文章最后一句Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease提到实际上很多携带者可以很积极地生活并且不会有任何症状。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Theking'sdaughterthreatenedtodrinkthechemicalifherefusedherrequest.

问题1选项

A.deadly

B.deathly

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国王的女儿威胁国王说，如果不同意她的要求，就喝下毒药。A选项deadlyadj.致命地，非常地，表示致死的可能性极大，用于能引起死亡的事物，如：adeadlydisease是通常会致死的疾病。B选项deathlyadj.死一般的，让人想到死亡的，如：adeathlysilence死一般的寂静。fatal强调命运或必然性，用来形容导致毁灭，灾难，死亡的潜在或实际原因。在预测未来时，多用fatal。而mortal是死亡已经发生或一定会发生，因此该词只用于事实上已经引起死亡或即将引起死亡的事物。此处是表示“致命的东西”，因此，A项是正确答案。

5.单选题

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyreadlovinglettersfromthefamilies.

问题1选项

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。loving意为“爱的，充满爱的”；sentimental意为“伤感的”；affectionate意为“深情的，挚爱的”；intimate意为“亲密的，亲近的”；sensitive意为“敏感的”。

句意：所有的海上石油探险家在读家里寄来的充满爱的信件时都兴高采烈。

6.单选题

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30millionparticipantsofallages.

问题1选项

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娱乐”；symposium“座谈会’；penalty“惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Therearenotmanyteacherswhoarestrong（）oftraditionalmethodsinEnglishteaching.

问题1选项

A.sponsors

B.contributors

C.advocates

D.performers

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。sponsor赞助商；contributor贡献者，参与者；advocate拥护者，提倡者；performer表演者，执行者。句意：坚决拥护传统的英语教学方法的老师并不是很多。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

Ourmultimillionnerve-cellcentralnervoussystemhasitsrootsinthescatterednervecellsoftiny,lowlyorganismsthatlivedinwaterhalfabillionyearsago.Nervecellsevidentlyfirstappearedincoelenterates—“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone.Acoelenterate’snervenetworklacksanykindofcentralizedcontrol.Thisprobablybeganwithflatworms--thefirstcreaturetopossessahead.

Specializedsensecellshelpflatwormsrespondmoreflexiblythanseaanemonestooutsidestimuli.Butlikemostanimalswithoutabackbone,flatwormsactalmostbyinstinctandreflex.

Intelligentbehaviorremainedimpossibleuntiltheappearanceofrelativelybig,complextypesofbrain—thetypeswefindamongthebackbonedanimasorvertebrates.Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect.Butthedevelopmentofafish'sthree-partbrainreflectsthatbeast’sunintellectualpriorities.Muchoftheforebraindealsonlywithsmell.Themidbrainhandlesvisionandthehindbrainbalance.

Withearlymammalsthebraingrewlargerandmorecomplex.Sensecoordinationshiftedfromthemidbraintotheforebrain,adevelopingstructurecappedbyfoldedcerebrumtohandlememoryandlearning.Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements.

Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees,wherevisionmatteredmorethansmell.Accordinglytheoncebig“smell’’partoftheforebraingrewsmaller,whilethepartthathandlesvisiongrewmuchlarger.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Thehydraisakindof（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,thephrase“tookto”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinsectsdonothave（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whathelpstocoordinatethecomplexphysicalactivityofamammal?

问题1选项

A.Thesensoryorgansofinvertebrates.

B.Theanatomyoftinyorganisms

C.Theoriginofthebrainandcentralnervoussystem.

D.Theimportanceofvisionforfishandadvancedanimals.

问题2选项

A.flatworm

B.coelenterate

C.seaanemone

D.nervecell

问题3选项

A.began

B.fledto

C.carriedto

D.becamefriendlytoward

问题4选项

A.brains

B.backbones

C.nervecells

D.reflexes

问题5选项

A.Thecerebellum

B.Theforebrain

C.Thecerebrum

D.Themidbrain

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲中枢神经系统和大脑的起源，因此C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone”(诸如水螅和海葵等腔肠动物)。由此可知，B项“腔肠动物”正确。

第3题:词义题。对于短语“tookto”的理解可参考句子:Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees(先进的哺乳动物，如猴子、猿和人类（灵长类动物）的大脑是由祖先进化而来的，它们…在树上生活)，taketo本意为“开始从事”。

第4题:判断推理题。第三段指出:Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect(最微小的鱼相比最大的昆虫有更大的头脑)。由此可知，A项“大脑”正确。

第5题:细节事实题。题干为:由文章可知，什么有助于协调哺乳动物复杂的身体活动?倒数第二段指出:Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements(同时，后脑获得了巨大的小脑来协调复杂的运动)。由此可知A项“小脑”正确。

9.单选题

What,besideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrosstheseasoftime?It’schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfoodexpertsays.

FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspasstheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolleditsvirtues.

Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.Chickensgotanotherboost（吹捧）inthebookofGenesis,whereitiswrittenthatbirdsandfishwerecreatedonthefifthday,adaybeforefour-leggedanimals.ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.

Hernewbook,“TheWholeWorldLovesChickenSoup”，looksatthebelovedandmysteriousbrew,withdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.“Throughouttheages,"shesaid,“therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoodsareeasiertoeatfortheweak-womenandtheill.Inaddition,“soup,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoon”areconsidered“comfortfoods.”Sheratonsaid.

“IlovesoupandlovemakingsoupandasIwascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish...Ithasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurative,astrengthbuilder.”SheratonsaidfromherNewYorkhome.

Herbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitwasbrandnew.TheNationalBroilerCouncil,thetradegrouprepresentingthechickenindustry,reportedthat51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

2.Sinceancienttimes,thevalueofchickensoup（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

4.Chickensouphascurativepowersmainlyfor（）accordingtoSheraton.

5.Itcanbesaidfromthesurveythatchickenis（）.

问题1选项

A.ProminentAmericanFoods

B.HistoryofthechickenSoup

C.ChickenSoupRecipes

D.ChickenSoup,aUniversalCure-all

问题2选项

A.hasbeenover-estimated

B.hasbeenwidelyacknowledged

C.hasbeenappreciatedonlybyphilosophers

D.hasbeenknownonlytomothers

问题3选项

A.Chickensouphasaverylonghistory.

B.Sinceancienttimes,chickensouphasbeenahomeremedy.

C.Poultryusuallystandshigherthanfour-leggedanimals.

D.Four-leggedanimalsweresaidtobecreatedonthesixthday.

问题4选项

A.itscolor

B.itstaste

C.itsflavor

D.itsrecipe

问题5选项

A.amaindish

B.apopularfood

C.cheaperthananyotherfood

D.Alloftheabove

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。全文从不同角度，从古至今，讲述了鸡汤的好处。故D项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第二段FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspasstheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolleditsvirtues.从俄罗斯的村庄到非洲和亚洲，鸡汤一直是那些身体和精神虚弱的人的良药。母亲们把她们的知识传给了古希腊、中国和罗马的古代作家，甚至12世纪的哲学家和医生摩西•梅因米德斯(MosesMainmides)也赞美这种美德。由此可知从古代开始鸡汤的价值就为人所知。故B项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.在古代，亚里士多德认为家禽应该比四条腿的动物站得更高，因为空气的密度比地球小。可知这只是亚里士多德的猜测，不是事实。故C项表述错误。

4.细节事实题。由第三段“ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.但在过去3年的大部分时间里，MimiSheraton一直在探索鸡汤的世界。他表示，鸡肉之所以具有真正的或想象中的疗效，在很大程度上是因为它的颜色。可知Sheraton认为鸡汤具有如此强大的疗效在于它的颜色。故A项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.51%的受访者说他们买鸡肉是因为鸡肉更健康，50%的人说鸡肉有多种用途，41%的人说鸡肉很经济，46%的人说鸡肉脂肪含量低。”可知很多人购买鸡肉，并且购买的原因也多样化，恰好说明了鸡肉成为一种受欢迎的食物。故B项正确。

10.单选题

AbullgrazesondrywheathusksinLogan,Kansas,oneoftheregionshitbytherecorddroughtthathasaffectedmorethanhalfoftheUSandisexpectedtodriveupfoodprices.

Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternestwarningsyetaboutglobalfoodsupplies,sayingthattheworld’spopulationmayhavetoswitchalmostcompletelytoavegetariandietoverthenext40yearstoavoidcatastrophicshortages.

Adoptingavegetariandietisoneoptiontoincreasetheamountofwateravailabletogrowmorefoodinanincreasinglyclimate-unstableworld,thescientistssaid.Animalprotein-richfoodconsumes5to10timesmorewaterthanavegetariandiet.Onethirdoftheworld’sarablelandisusedtogrowcropstofeedanimals.Otheroptionstofeedpeopleincludeeliminatingwasteandincreasingtradebetweencountriesinfoodsurplusandthoseindeficit.

“900millionpeoplealreadygohungryand2millionpeoplearemalnourishedinspiteofthefactthatpercapitafoodproductioncontinuestoincrease.”theysaid.“With70%ofallavailablewaterbeinginagriculture,growingmorefoodtofeedanadditional2billionpeopleby2050willplacepressureonavailablewaterandland.”

ThereportisbeingreleasedatthestartoftheannualworldwaterconferenceinStockholm,Sweden,where2,500politicians,UNbodies,non-governmentalgroupsandresearchersfrom120countriesmeettoaddressglobalwatersupplyproblems.

Competitionforwaterbetweenfoodproductionandotheruseswillintensifypressureonessentialresources,thescientistssaid.“TheUNpredictsthatwemustincreasefoundproductionby70%bymid21thcentury.Thiswillplaceadditionalpressureonour‘alreadystressedwaterresources’atatimewhenwealsoneedtoallocatemorewatertosatisfyglobalenergydemand…whichisexpectedtorise60%overthecoming30years—andtogenerateelectricityforthe1.3billionpeoplecurrentlywithoutit”saidthereport.

Overeating,undernourishmentandwasteareallontheriseandincreasedfoodproductionmayfacefutureconstraintsfromwaterscarcity.

“Wewillneedanewrecipetofeedtheworldinthefuture,”saidthereport’seditor,AndersJagerskog.

AseparatereportfromtheInternationalWaterManagementInstitute(IWMI)saidthebestwayforcountriestoprotectmillionsoffarmersfromfoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsiawastohelptheminvestinsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology,ratherthantodevelopexpensive,large-scaleirrigationprojects.

“Farmeracrossthedevelopingworldareincreasinglyrelyingonandbenefitingfromsmall-scale,locally-relevantwatersolutions.Thesetechniquescouldincreaseyieldsupto300%andaddtensofbillionsofUSdollarstohouseholdrevenuesacrosssubSaharanAfricaandsouthAsia,”SaidDr.ColinChartres,thedirectorgeneral.

56.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewaterscientists’warning?

57.Whatdothescientistssaycanbedonetoincreasefoodsupply?

58.Accordingtothewaterscientists’report,______.

59.Inregardtotheproblemofwatersupply,scientistsbelieve______.

60.WhatdoestheIWMIsayisthebestsolutiontofoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsia?

问题1选项

A.TherecorddroughtforceshalfoftheUStogohungry.

B.TherecorddroughtdrivesupfoodpricesintheUS.

C.Severefoodshortagemayhappenwithoutpropermeasures.

D.Avegetariandietistheonlyoptiontoavoiddisastrousshortages.

问题2选项

A.Growmoreanimalprotein-richfood.

B.Turnpasturesintoarablelands.

C.Promotetradebetweencountriesself-sufficientinfood.

D.Increasetheamountofwaterforfoodproduction.

问题3选项

A.percapitafoodproductionhasbeenincreasing

B.reducedfoodsupplywillmakemorepeoplemalnourished

C.70%ofwaterwillbeusedtofeed2billionpeopleby2050

D.researchersbegintoseeksolutionstotacklewaterproblem

问题4选项

A.morewatershouldbeallocatedtosatisfyenergydemand

B.foodproductionmustbeincreasedto70%bymid-century

C.energydemandwillintensifypressureonwaterresources

D.electricitygenerationmustbeincreasedby60%30yearslater

问题5选项

A.Applyingsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology.

B.Launchinglarge-scaleirrigationprojects.

C.Increasethelocalhouseholdrevenues.

D.Investinginanewexpensiveirrigationproject.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】56.推理判断题。题干意思是“从水科学家的警告中可以推断出什么？”。根据第二段Leadingwaterscientistshaveissuedoneofthesternestwarningsyetaboutglobalfoodsupplies,sayingthattheworld’spopulationmayhavetoswitchalmostcompletelytoavegetariandietoverthenext40yearstoavoidcatastrophicshortages.（主要的水科学家发布了迄今为止关于全球食物供应最严厉的警告之一，他们说，为了避免灾难性的食物短缺，世界人口可能不得不在未来40年几乎完全转向素食）可推断，如果不采取措施，人们就将面临食物短缺的问题；故C项“如果不采取适当措施，可能会发生严重的食物短缺”符合题意。A项“创纪录的干旱迫使一半的美国人挨饿”，文章只提到创世纪的干旱影响了美国一半以上的地区将提高食品价格，并没有明确提及挨饿；B项“创纪录的干旱抬高了美国的食品价格”，不只是美国，世界的食品价格将会提高；D项“素食是避免严重短缺的唯一选择”表述太绝对，素食只是其中一种办法。因此，该题选择C项正确。

57.细节事实题。题干意思是“科学家们说可以做些什么来增加食物供应？”。根据第三段第一句Adoptingavegetariandietisoneoptiontoincreasetheamountofwateravailabletogrowmorefoodinanincreasinglyclimate-unstableworld,thescientistssaid.（科学家们说，在一个气候日益不稳定的世界里，采用素食是增加水资源利用率以种植更多粮食的一种选择）可知，可以通过增加用于食物生产的水资源来增加食物供应，D项“增加粮食生产用水”正确。第三段第二句提到Animalprotein-richfoodconsumes5to10timesmorewaterthanavegetariandiet.（富含动物蛋白质的食物比素食多消耗5到10倍的水）可知，A项“种植更多富含动物蛋白质的食物”错误；根据第三段倒数第二句Onethirdoftheworld’sarablelandisusedtogrowcropstofeedanimals.（世界上三分之一的可耕地被用来种植喂养动物的作物）可知，把可耕地变为牧场也是选择之一，B项“把牧场变成可耕地”错误；第三段最后一句提到Otheroptionstofeedpeopleincludeeliminatingwasteandincreasingtradebetweencountriesinfoodsurplusandthoseindeficit.（养活人民的其他选择包括消除浪费和增加粮食盈余国家和粮食赤字国家之间的贸易），可知C项“促进粮食自给自足国家之间的贸易”也不正确。因此，该题选择D项正确。

58.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据水科学家的报告，……”。根据第四段第一句900millionpeoplealreadygohungryand2millionpeoplearemalnourishedinspiteofthefactthatpercapitafoodproductioncontinuestoincrease（尽管人均粮食产量继续增加，但已有9亿人在挨饿，200万人营养不良）可知，A项“人均粮食产量一直在增加”正确。B项“减少食物供应将使更多的人营养不良”文中没有提及；根据第四段最后一句With70%ofallavailablewaterbeinginagriculture,growingmorefoodtofeedanadditional2billionpeopleby2050willplacepressureonavailablewaterandland.（由于70%的可用水资源用于农业，到2050年增加粮食以养活额外的20亿人口将给可用水资源和土地带来压力。）可知，C项“到2050年，70%的水将被用来养活20亿人”表述不准确；D项“研究人员开始寻找解决水问题的方法”文中也没有提及。因此，该题选择A项正确。

59.细节事实题。题干意思是“关于水的供应问题，科学家们相信……”。第六段第一句提到Competitionforwaterbetweenfoodproductionandotheruseswillintensifypressureonessentialresources,thescientistssaid.（科学家们说，粮食生产和其他用途之间对水的争夺将加剧对基本资源的压力）可知，能源需求会加剧水资源的压力，故C项“能源需求将加大对水资源的压力”正确。根据Thiswillplaceadditionalpressureonour‘alreadystressedwaterresources’atatimewhenwealsoneedtoallocatemorewatertosatisfyglobalenergydemand…（在我们还需要分配更多的水来满足全球能源需求的时候，这将给我们“已经紧张的水资源”带来额外的压力）可知，分配更多的水来满足全球能源需求使水资源更紧张，所以A项“应该分配更多的水来满足能源需求”错误；根据第六段TheUNpredictsthatwemustincreasefoundproductionby70%bymid21thcentury.（联合国预测，到21世纪中期，我们必须将石油产量提高70%）可知B项“到本世纪中叶粮食产量必须增加到70%”错误；原文提到whichisexpectedtorise60%overthecoming30years（预计在未来30年，这一数字将增长60%）可知，D项“发电量必须在30年后增加60%”错误，不是“30年后”，而是“未来30年”。因此，该题选择C项正确。

60.细节事实题。题干意思是“国际水管理研究所认为，解决撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚粮食不安全的最佳办法是什么？”。根据倒数第二段AseparatereportfromtheInternationalWaterManagementInstitute(IWMI)saidthebestwayforcountriestoprotectmillionsoffarmersfromfoodinsecurityinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthAsiawastohelptheminvestinsmallpumpsandsimpletechnology,ratherthantodevelopexpensive,large-scaleirrigationprojects.（国际水管理研究所(IWMI)的另一份报告说，各国保护撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚数百万农民免受粮食不安全之害的最佳方式是帮助他们投资于小型水泵和简单技术，而不是开发昂贵的大规模灌溉项目）可知A项“采用小型水泵和简单技术”正确，B项“开展大规模灌溉工程”和D项“投资一项新的昂贵的灌溉工程”错误；C项“增加当地家庭收入”这是这些解决方案带来的好处，与题干不符。因此，该题选择A项正确。

11.单选题

Outsidemyofficewindowthereisafire（

）ontheright.

问题1选项

A.escape

B.ladder

C.steps

D.stairs

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我办公室的窗外右侧有一个安全出口。

固定搭配。四个选项中常与fire搭配使用的是escape;fireescape意为“防火安全楼梯，安全出口”。

12.翻译题

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday'smediaandtechnologybrawl—iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD—wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it'sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit'sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.(1)Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfotechisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday'sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.(2)SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn'texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It'snosurprise,ofcourse.(3)Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision'sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

(4)Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople~over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumers.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe'dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe'reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

(5)NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.B.White,whoin1938wrote,"Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure."Westilldon'tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese

【答案】（1）当你设法弄清消费信息技术将向何处发展以及这对社会意味着什么时，要记住这个重要的核心事实：人们只是想看更多的电视节目。

（2）就像其他每个消费电子产品公司做的那样，索尼公司在最近的消费类电子产品展会上推出大量产品，这些产品是用来把网络视频放到电视上。在同时举行的麦客世界展会上，苹果公司总栽史蒂夫•乔布斯推出具有同样功能的苹果电视。

（3）从那时到现在，基本而明显的事实是处理器的功能不断提高和带宽的不断增大，而预言家们已经自信地预测了这一天。正如他们自信地预言它的含义：传统的电视节目会被替代。

（4）实际情况却正好相反。尽管网络时代有其他多种选择，我们美国人如今看的无聊电视却比以往任何时候都多，这就说明了问题。

（5）关于电视，没有人比著名的《纽约人》杂志评论家E.B.怀特的评价更恰当。他在1938年写道：“我们的好坏将取决于电视,这一点我敢肯定。”

13.单选题

Ananalysisoftheideasinthenovelcompelsananalysisoftheformofthework,particularlywhenformandcontentareas（）astheyareinTheHouseoftheSevenGables.

问题1选项

A.symptomatic

B.delineated

C.integrated

D.conspicuous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：对小说理念的分析使人不得不分析作品的形式，特别是当形式和内容像它们在《凶宅七角楼》里一样（）的时候。

symptomatic有症状的，症候的；delineated描绘；integrated综合的，相互协调的；conspicuous显著的，明显的。选项C“相互协调的”符合题意。

14.写作题

Directions:Itisfoundthatmanystudentstodaysimply"cutandpaste"informationfromtheInternetwhentheydotheirassignments.Whatcanbedonetostopthis?Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldalsogiveyouressayapropertitleonthebasisofyoursuggestion(s).Writetheessayontheanswersheet2only.

【答案】TeachersandStudentsShouldUnite15.单选题

Dogovernmentsreallyassignandenforcepropertyrights?DespitethefactthatRegistriesofDeedsnowrecordlandownershipofeverysquareinchofNorthAmericanterritory,itisobvious:hattheserightshavenotalwaysexisted.[1]In1785,theU.S.CongresswasbusilyassigningunclaimedlandtotheconstructionofpublicschoolsintheNorthwestTerritory;latertotheconstructionofrailroadsintheWest.Today,mostlandisclaimed,butnationalgovernmentsandinternationalagenciesalikearebusilycreatingnewrightsinothertypesofscarceresourcessuchastheelectromagneticspectrumorthegeostationaryarc.

[2]Theelectromagneticspectrum,popularlycalledtheairwaves,isanimmenserangeoffrequencies(radiowaves,microwaves,visiblelight,X-rays,gammarays,andmore)thatareconvertedbymanyfor