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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东轻工职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题
Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost(
)areasinJapaneselife.
问题1选项
A.sophisticated
B.competitive
C.considerate
D.superficial
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sophisticated“久经世故的;复杂的”;competitive“有竞争力的”;considerate“体贴的”;superficial“肤浅的”。句意:因为有一个好的大学文凭就能找到一个更好的工作,所以教育是日本生活中最具有竞争力的领域之一。选项B符合题意。
2.单选题
Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral—usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.
WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.
Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.
1.Whichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesin
Americancompanies?
2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?
3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto_______.
4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’'scompetitionadvantageis_______.
5.WhatisthemainideaofthePassage?
问题1选项
A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskill.
B.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’'ownbusiness.
C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment.
D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.
问题2选项
A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.
B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologicareintroduced.
C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.
D.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.
问题3选项
A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment
B.technologicalandmanagerialstaff
C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills
D.topexecutives
问题4选项
A.theintroductionofnewtechnologies
B.theimprovementofworkers’'basicskills
C.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees
D.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees
问题5选项
A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.
B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.
C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’'shierarchy.
D.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:B
第5题:D
【解析】1.【试题解析】事实细节题。题目问的是哪一个符合美国公司的人力资源管理。可定位到文章首段中的第二句,本句提到美国的人力资源管理“isnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates”。第三句说到“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility”,技能获取被认为是一种个人责任,与B选项“他们把技能的获得看作是员工自己的事”符合,因此B选项正确。A选项“他们以最低成本雇佣员工,而不考虑他们的技能”来自第四句“Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment”,可知劳动力与原材料或设备一样,只是以尽可能低的成本租用,但本句并未提到忽视员工技能这一点,可排除;C和D选项在原文中未提及,可排除。“Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysmaterialsorequipment.”,这句话的意思是美国的企业是以最低的成本去雇佣劳动力,就跟购置材料和设备一样。由此可知,选项C以及选项D的说法错误,而选项B原文并没有提及,为无关选项。因此,答案为A。
2.【试题解析】事实细节题。题目问的是人力资源管理管理负责人在美国的企业中的地位,根据关键词“theheadofhuman-resourcemanagement”定位到原文第一段的“Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.,TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).”可得知,人力资源管理者处理企业中的边缘位置,在做重大决策前,从来没有人会咨询人力资源管理者。因此,答案为选项D。
3.【试题解析】事实细节题。题目问的是美国的企业用于培训的资金主要在哪个方面。根据关键词training、money定位到原文第二段的“Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.”,因此答案为选项B。选项A和C,,根据原文中的“Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.”可得知,美国企业在缺乏基本技能以及能操作新设备的员工培训方面花费的资金非常少。选项D原文并没有提及,为无关选项。因此,答案为B。
4.【试题解析】事实细节题。题目问的是保持公司竞争力优势的决定性因素是什么,根据关键词decisivefactor,competitionadvantage定位到文章首句,“Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.”可推断出员工技能对于公司竞争力优势很重要。因此,正确答案为选项B。选项A新工艺的引进,文章虽然有提到,但并无依据表明它可以保持公司竞争力优势。选项C文章并没有提及,为无关选项。选项D文章末尾虽有提到bottomhalf的群体技能可能会影响优势群体的工资,但与公司竞争力优势并无关系。
5.【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文的主题是什么,从文章首段首句可知,如果可持续的竞争优势取决于员工的技能,那么美国企业是有问题的,下文也有提到美国企业对于人力资源管理缺乏重视,从而影响了竞争力。由此可知,答案为选项D。选项A说的是美国的人力资源管理和日本、德国是不同的,这两个选项的说法都符合原文,但比较片面不足以概括全文。选项B说的是广泛的再培训对于有效的人力资源管理来说是必不可少的,这两个选项的说法都符合原文,但比较片面不足以概括全文;选项C说的是“人力资源管理的主管必须处于公司级别的中心位置”,说法太过于绝对。
3.单选题
AftertheDemocraticshellackinginthemidtermelection,everyonewonderedhowPresidentObamawouldrespond.
问题1选项
A.fanfare
B.fiasco
C.facade
D.fantasy
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fanfare“(仪式上庆祝或欢迎重要人物到场时)号角齐鸣,嘹亮短曲;大张旗鼓宣扬,热议”;B选项fiasco“惨败;大惨败;泥鸽靶”;C选项facade“正面;表面;外观”;D选项fantasy“幻想;白日梦;幻觉”。句意:民主党在中期选举中落败后,每个人都想知道奥巴马总统会作何反应。shellacking“殴打;彻底击败”,B选项与该词意思最相近,因此B选项正确。
4.翻译题
Thereisnothingworsethansomeonewhoisalwayslate.Latenesscanbeacharmingeccentricity—foralittlewhile.ThetroubleisthatMr.orMrs.Unpunctualsoonstartscausinginconveniencetootherpeople.That’swhenthecheerfulacceptancegiveswaytoscornandresentment.
It’ssurprisinghowfartheunpunctualpersonwillgotoinconvenienceothers.(1)Forexample,afteracceptingtheofferofalifttoworkthefollowingmorning,heorshewillfailtoturnupatthepick-upspotattheagreedtime.There’ssuretobeaconvincingreason:lostdoorkeys,achildwithwhoopingcough,acatstuckupanappletree...
Thegiveroftheliftmakessurehe’snotlate.He’smadetheofferandnowhefeelsresponsibleforit;comewhatmaybemustkeephisword.Ontheotherhand,thepersonwho’sreceivingthefavorfeelsfreetoturnup10,15or30minutesafterthetimewhichhadbeenagreedon.Forhimorhertheyareminutesofhurriedactivityearningtherighttochauffeur-drivenluxury;forthedriver—thevictim—theyareminutesofsheerfrustration,boredomandwastedtime.
What’stheresultofthiseasy-goingattitude?(2)Well,maybethepersonwhoofferedtheliftgivesuptheseeminglyendlesswaitanddisappears,inwhichcasethelatecomerstrugglestocompletehisday’sschedulelaterthanever.Whereverhegoesheblamestheliftfor“lettinghimdown”.
There’sanotherequallylikelyresult.(3)Inthisversionofthestory,thegiveroftheliftwaitsinloyalfrustrationatthesideoftheroadforaslongashisthoughtlesspassengertakestoreachthespot.Notonlyarebothofthemlateforwork,butthepassengertellshiscolleaguesaboutthedriver’simpatienceintrafficqueues!
Sowhat’stheanswer?Perhapsthereshouldbeasubtlechangeinhowweviewtime.Atthemomentwethinkofitasaveryelasticcommodity;wemakevaguearrangementstomeetataboutacertaintime,andnoonehasaclearideaastojusthowfarthattimewillstretch.Will“aboutteno’clock”stretchtoaquarterpastten—orwillitstretchtohalfpastten?Therearenofixedrules.
【答案】1.例如,在接受了第二天早上搭便车去上班的提议后,他或她将不在约定的时间内出现在上车地点。
2.好吧,也许那个提供便车的人放弃了看似无止境的等待,然后开车走了,在这种情况下,迟到的人会比以往更晚地完成他的日程安排。
3.在这个版本的故事中,只要这位粗心的乘客到达目的地,提供便车的人就会在路边失望地等待。
5.单选题
Thepatients_______symptomstogetappointmentsquickerandaskdoctorstohidethetruthfrominsurancecompanies.
问题1选项
A.feign
B.obstruct
C.coinage
D.conjure
【答案】A
【解析】feign假装,捏造;obstruct阻隔,妨碍;coinage造币;conjure祈求。句意:患者假装生病以便更快地得到预约,并要求医生向保险公司隐瞒事实。选项A符合句意。
6.单选题
Bypatientquestioningthelawyermanagedto(
)enoughinformationfromthewitnesses.
问题1选项
A.evacuate
B.withdraw
C.impart
D.elicit
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项evacuate“疏散;撤退;排泄”;B选项withdraw“撤退;收回;撤销;取钱”;C选项impart“给予;传授;告知”;D选项elicit“抽出;引起;诱出”。句意:通过耐心的询问,律师设法从证人那里……足够的信息。“信息”是证人给出的,律师只有努力去“获取”,综合选项可知D选项正确。
7.单选题
Thisisnottheright()toaskformyhelp;Iamfartoobusyeventolisten.
问题1选项
A.time
B.opportunity
C.chance
D.case
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这不是向我寻求帮助的恰当吋机,我太忙了,甚至没时间倾听。
考查固定搭配。itistherighttimetodosth.是做某事的恰当时机。故选A。
8.单选题
Ascientist______judgmentandrefrainsfromdrawingconclusionsuntilallthefactsareknown.
问题1选项
A.delays
B.postpones
C.suspends
D.adjourns
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项delays“延期;(使)耽搁;推迟”(多指因外界原因推迟或耽误,也可指有意推迟);B选项postpones“使……延期;把……放在次要地位;把……放在后面;延缓,延迟;延缓发作”(正式用词,语气较强,多指有安排的延期,常指明延期到一定的时间);C选项suspends“延缓,推迟;使暂停;使悬浮;悬浮;禁赛”(指暂时中断以待某种条件的实现);D选项adjourns“休会;延期;换地方;推迟;使……中止;使……延期”(多指会议休会、法庭休庭或审判延期)。句意:科学家暂时停止了判断和总结,直到所有的证据都摆在眼前。因此C选项正确。
9.单选题
Thestationerhasnotyetdeliveredtheyellowpaper,butwhen()Iwillgiveyousome.
问题1选项
A.theydo
B.theywill
C.hedoes
D.hewill
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态辨析。句意:文具店还没有给你黄色的纸,但是……的时候我会给你一些。根据句意,可推测是一般现在时,因此排除B,D选项,选项A是they,不能指代stationer,因此选项C为正确答案。
10.单选题
Sincethecouplecouldnot______theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.
问题1选项
A.reconcile
B.comply
C.coincide
D.resign
【答案】A
【解析】【选项释义】
A.reconcile调和;使和解B.comply遵从;服从
C.coincide同时发生D.resign辞职;辞去(某职务)
【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】根据后半句“他们决定离婚”可推知,他们的分歧没有和解,空格处表示“和解”符合句意,故该题选择A项恰当。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。
【句意】由于这对夫妇的分歧无法得到和解,他们决定离婚。
11.单选题
M:IsthereanythingIcandoforyou.Madam?
W:I’dliketoseesomelinen,please.
Q:Wherearethetwopeople?
问题1选项
A.Inasportsdepartment.
B.Inatextiledepartment.
C.Inahotel.
D.Inashoedepartment.
【答案】B
【解析】根据题目“linen亚麻布”可知B选项‘纺织部’正确。
12.单选题
Scarcelyhadtheysettlethemselvesintheirseatsinthetheater(
)thecurtainwentup.
问题1选项
A.than
B.when
C.before
D.as
【答案】B
【解析】考试固定搭配。scarcely...when...意为“一……就……,刚刚……就……”。
句意:他们刚坐在剧院的座位上,幕布就升起了。
13.单选题
AbigprobleminlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguageislackofopportunitiesfor(
)interactionwithproficientspeakersofEnglish.
问题1选项
A.instantaneous
B.provocative
C.verbal
D.dual
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项instantaneous“瞬间的;即时的”;B选项provocative“刺激的;气人的”;C选项verbal“口头的;言语的”;D选项dual“双的;双重的”。句意:把英语作为一门外语来学习的大问题在于缺少与精通英语的人进行……交流的机会。综合句意与选项可知,大问题是缺少与speakerofEnglish进行“口头交流”的机会。C选项正确。
14.单选题
Theboywhoistalkingwithyourteacheris()anathlete.
问题1选项
A.anythingbut
B.nonebut
C.allbut
D.somethingbut
【答案】A
【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项anythingbut“根本不;绝不”;B选项nonebut“只是;仅”;C选项allbut“几乎;差不多”;D选项somethingbut没有此类搭配。句意:和你老师正在说话的那个男孩绝不是一个运动员。A选项词组更加贴合句意逻辑,故选A。
15.单选题
We’veallheardaboutendangeredanimals.Creatureslikethecriticallyendangeredblackrhinocerosarefamous.Butwhatarethemostendangeredplants?Theymightnotbeasexcitingorloveableasanimals,buttheyarejustasimportanttotheecosystem一andhumanityreliesonthatecosystem.
Herearethreeofthemostthreatenedplantstoday.(1)Theseplantsoccupysomeofthemostinaccessible,remotepartsofourplanet.Theyarethreatenedbyhabitatdestruction,illegalcollection,poaching,andcompetitionwithinvadingspecies.
Attenborough’spitcherplantisknownonlyfromtherelativelyinaccessiblesummitofMountVictoriainPalawaninthePhilippines.Therearethoughttobeonlyafewhundredofthem.
(2)
Attenborough’spitcherplantisoneofthebiggest,withpitchersupto30cminheightthatcantrapinsectsandrats.Itwasonlydiscoveredin2007whenateamofbotanists,tippedoffbytwoChristianmissionaries,scaledMountVictoria.
(3)
Thesuicidepalmisagiganticpalmfoundonlyinremotepartsofnorth-westMadagascar.Itlivesforabout50years,thenflowersonlyonce,anddiessoonafter.Suicidepalmswerediscoveredin2005byacashewplantationmanagerduringafamilyouting,andformallydescribedin2008.Withtrunksreaching18minheight,andhugefan-leavesupto5macross,thepalmscanbeseenonGoogleEarth.
(4)
Thecoraltree,withitsbrightredflowersandspinytrunk,occursonlyintheremoteforestsofsouth-eastTanzania.
(5)
However,theforestpatchwasclearedtogrowbiofuels,andthespecieswasfearedtohavegoneextinctagainuntilitwasre-rediscoveredto2011.Therearenowfewerthan50matureindividualsinthewild,inasingleunprotectedlocation.
问题1选项
A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.
B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).
C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998,butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.
D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.
E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.
F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.
问题2选项
A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.
B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).
C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998,butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.
D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.
E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.
F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.
问题3选项
A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.
B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).
C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998,butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.
D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.
E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.
F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.
问题4选项
A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.
B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).
C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998,butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.
D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.
E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.
F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.
问题5选项
A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.
B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).
C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998,butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.
D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.
E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.
F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:F
第4题:E
第5题:C
【解析】1.联系上下文。前文中提及如今有三种极度濒危的植物,由此可判断,下面的内容将进一步说明这三种濒危植物,选项B提及它们被国际自然保护联盟认定为极度濒危的等级。句中they与上文的threeplants对应,criticallyendangered与上文的mostthreatened呼应。
2.联系上下文。空格句的前后文中都提及了Attenborough’spitcherplant,由此可知,空格句子也是有关该植物的,选项中只有A提及pitcherplant,与之呼应。
3.联系上下文。空格所在句的主要内容为Attenborough’spitcherplant,选项F提到了Attenborough,指出猪笼草(pitcherplant)是以一个英国自然历史播音员的名字命名的,与前句中提到的discovered...whenateamofbotanists呼应。
4.联系上下文。原文第四段介绍濒临灭绝的植物——自杀棕榈,对其各项基本信息进行了详细说明,空格处句子也应该是有关这种濒危植物的介绍,选项E最符合
5.联系上下文。空格句的下文中提及theforestpatch,空格句子应与之对应,选项C中提及patchofforest。
16.填空题
ConcernsaboutresearchethicswerefurtherheightedbyaresearchprojectcalledtheTuskegeeStudy,
sponsoredbytheUnitedStatesPublicHealthServicetoassesstheclinicalcourseofsyphilis.
A
B
C
D
【答案】Aheighted改为heightened
【解析】【考查点】被动语态。
【解题思路】此句为被动语态,指的是人们对研究伦理的担忧进一步被加剧,应该用heighten的过去分词heightened。
【句意】一个名为“塔斯基吉研究”的研究项目进一步加剧了人们对研究伦理的担忧,该研究项目由美国公共卫生局资助,旨在评估梅毒的临床病程。
17.单选题
Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesinthehistoryofthoughtiscausedbytheuncertainty(
)tosolveagivenproblembytraditionalmethodspreviouslyappliedtoproblemswhichseemtobeofthesamenature.
问题1选项
A.thatispossible
B.whetheritispossible
C.thatitispossible
D.aboutwhatispossible
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句子主干为Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesiscausedbytheuncertainty(反复出现的挫折和悲剧之一是由不确定性引起的),由空格前的uncertainty(不确定性)可知此处表示的是“一种可能性”。因此选B,由whether引导的同位语从句对前面的抽象名词uncertainty进行解释说明。句意:思想史上反复出现的挫折和悲剧之一,是由不确定性引起的,即是否用传统的方法来解决一个给定的问题,这些方法以前应用于看起来性质相同的问题中。
18.单选题
Therainwassoheavythatthemanwaswettotheskin;hiswholebodywas(
)andtrembling.
问题1选项
A.stiff
B.straight
C.steady
D.hard
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:雨太大,这个人身上已经湿了;他整个身子僵硬并且在瑟瑟发抖。stiff“僵硬的”;straight“直率的;笔直的”;steady“稳定的”;hard“坚硬的”。根据句意,选项A符合题意。
19.单选题
TheGovernmentislikelyto(
)withtheoppositiononthenewtaxproposals.
问题1选项
A.encounter
B.confront
C.clash
D.contradict
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。encounterwith“遇到”;clashwith“冲突”;contradictwith“相对立”;confront后面不接with。句意:政府可能会在新的税收提案上遭到反对。选项A符合题意。
20.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.
1.TherecentspeculationincludesthepossibilitythatthefirstlivingcellsmighthavearisenonMars,seedingEarthviathemanymeteoritesthatareknowntotravelfromMarstoourplanet.
2.Veniceinvitesidlenessandstrolling.Itssilenceisrestfulanditssundialsareinscribedwithwords:Icountonlythehappyhours.
3.Failuretogreetapersonyourecognizeortoansweragreetinggiventoyouisanunkindnesstotheotherperson,andverybadmanners.
4.Everythingcanbetakenfromamanbutonething—thefreedomtochoosehisattitudeinanygivensetofcircumstances.(LeonhardFrand).
5.Thereisagrowingtrendofsendingteenagestudentsabroadtostudy—thenumberhasbeenincreasingdramatically.Theirparentsarefantasizedbymythsabouteducationofferedinforeigncountries.Theyareattractedbytheeducationalexhibitionspresentedbyforeignuniversitiesandcolleges,whichpaintmanyrosypicturesandtellmanyglowtalespromptingthemintoactions.However,sendingyoungchildrentostudyabroadmaynotpredictresultinsuccess.Manyyoungstudentslackadaptabilityandflexibility.
【答案】1.最近的推测包括第一批具有生命的细胞可能出现在火星上,通过很多从火星飞到地球的陨石将上面的种子播种到地球上。
2.威尼斯是人们休闲解闷、闲庭漫步的好去处,她从容宁静,闲适悠然,连城中的日冕上都刻着这样的铭文:只记住快乐的时光。
3.不向你认识的人打招呼或不回应别人的问候是不友好,也是非常不礼貌的行为。
4.任何东西都可以从一个人的身上拿走,但有一样不行,那就是在任何特定的环境中选择自己的生活态度的自由。(莱昂哈德•弗兰克)
5.现在越来越流行送十几岁的学生出国留学,而且这个人数也在急剧增加。他们的父母被外国提供的教育神话所迷惑。他们被外国大学和学院举办的教育展所吸引,这些展览描绘了许多美好的画面,讲述了许多激励他们采取行动的光辉故事。然而,送孩子出国留学可能无法预测成功的结果。许多年轻学生缺乏适应能力和灵活性。
21.单选题
Lindawas(
)theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.
问题1选项
A.tostart
B.tohavestarted
C.tobestarting
D.tohavebeenstarting
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。wasto表示将来过去时,havedone表示本来要做而没有做,根据句意选B。
句意:Linda本来在一个月前要做实验的,但她最后改变了主意。
22.单选题
Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.
Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.
Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.
1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?
2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(an)()way.
3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?
4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris()inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.
5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?
问题1选项
A.Activeincommunication
B.Attractiveinpersonality
C.Enjoyableinperfomiance
D.unpredictableinbehavior
问题2选项
A.quick
B.unpredictable
C.productive
D.inconspicuous
问题3选项
A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.
B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.
C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife.
D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.
问题4选项
A.favorable
B.critical
C.vague
D.hesitant
问题5选项
A.ArtificialRelationships
B.HowtoFormIntimateRelationships
C.TheAffectionateMachine
D.HumansandComputers
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节事实题。A:在交流上是生动的,第一段指出:Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions(这个机械将不是被动的参与者,而将会增加自己的建议、信息和意见),由此可知A项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。B:在个性上有吸引力,由最后一段中“Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive...(这个电脑自己的个性将是充满生气且令人印象深刻……)可知B项属于理想伴侣机械的特点。C:在表现上令人愉快,第一段指出:Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner(想的伴侣机械(即电脑)将不仅仅在外表、感觉和声音上是友好的,且还会被编程去以令人愉快的方式来表现),因此C属于理想伴侣机械的特点。D:在行为上无法预测,由第一段中“yetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(但是这个机械(即电脑)也仍然稍微有些不可预测)”可知D不符合原文所述。因此选D。
2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(这整个过程(即人与电脑之间友谊形成的过程)将会以一种微妙的方式来实现,以便避免去给出一个将可能引起恼怒的过度亲密的印象),因此D项“难以察觉的”正确。
3.细节事实题。A:能发起一段有趣的对话,第一段指出:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopic(它有时会主动提出或改变互动的活题),因此A项符合原文所述。B:受先前的交流影响,文章并未提及。C:准备去了解人的生活,由第一段中“initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(在电脑首次与人进行互动时,它可能有些迟疑,但随着对使用者的了解,在互动吋它会变得更放松且亲密)”可知C项符合原文所述。D:有一个令人喜欢且能随机应变的个性,最后一段指出:itwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(它会相应使川者的性格来形成固己的性格。带着如这些样的性格,这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)。因此D符合原文所述。因此本题选B。
4.观点态度题。从末段中“Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(因为这些特征,这个机械可能的确变成一个非常有吸引力的社会伙伴)”可以看出作者持赞成的态度。故选A。
5.主旨大意题。作者在第一段提出“有感情的机械”这个话题及随后段落“阐述有感情的机械与人在友谊形成方式及这种人造友谊带来的好处,因此C项“有感情的机械”比较适合做文章标题。
23.单选题
Comicartcanbe,andoftenis,deadlyserious,atwhichpointitis___difficulttocategorizeit.
问题1选项
A.awfully
B.indicatively
C.crucially
D.ultimately
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项awfully“可怕地;十分;非常;很”;B选项indicatively“指示地,表示地;象征地;陈述地”;C选项crucially“关键地;至关重要地”;D选项ultimately“最后;根本;基本上”。句意:喜剧艺术可以是,而且往往是极度的严肃,在这一点上很难对它进行分类。结合此处语境,A为正确答案。
24.单选题
Whentraveling,youareadvisedtotaketravelers'checks,whichprovideasecure_______tocarryingyourmoneyincash.
问题1选项
A.substitute
B.selection
C.inference
D.alternative
【答案】D
【解析】substitute替代物;preference偏爱;selection选择,指从相当数量中进行选择,强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别;alternative可供选择的,强调在两个中选一个。句意:旅游的时候建议你带上旅行支票,作为携带现金的一个安全替代方式。选项D正确。
25.单选题
Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost(
)areasinJapaneselife.
问题1选项
A.sophisticated
B.competitive
C.considerate
D.superficial
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sophisticated“久经世故的;复杂的”;competitive“有竞争力的”;considerate“体贴的”;superficial“肤浅的”。句意:因为有一个好的大学文凭就能找到一个更好的工作,所以教育是日本生活中最具有竞争力的领域之一。选项B符合题意。
26.单选题
Thatthematerialintheadsmaynotbepertinenttotherealissuesthecandidatewillbeaddressingonceinofficeorwhattheymightdoontherealissuestheymightfaceis().
问题1选项
A.atallpoints
B.besidethepoint
C.uptoapoint
D.tothepoint
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配。atallpoints“在各方面”;besidethepoint
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