考研考博-英语-天津中德应用技术大学考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津中德应用技术大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Banksarenotordinarilypreparedtopayoutallaccounts;theyrelyondepositorsnottodemandpaymentallatthesametime.Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.Iftheydid,thebankcouldnotpayallaccounts.However,iftheydidnotallappearatonce,thentherewouldalwaysbefundstopaythosewhowantedtheirmoneywhentheywantedit.Mrs.ElsieVaughthastoldusofaterrifyingbankrun(挤兑)thatsheexperienced.Oneday,inDecemberof1925severalbanksfailedtoopeninacitywhereshelived.Theotherbanksanticipatedarunthenextday,andsotheofficersofthebankinwhichMrs.Vaughtworkedasateller(出纳员)hadenoughfundsonhandtopayoffasmanydepositorsasmightapply.Theofficerssimplyinstructedthetellerstopayondemand.Nextmorningacrowdgatheredinthebankandonthesidewalkoutside.Thelengthofthelineconvincedmanythatthebankcouldnotpossiblypayoffeveryone.Peoplebegantopushandthentofightforplacesneartheteller’swindows.Clothingwastornandlimbsbroken,butthejamcontinuedforhours.Thepowerofthepanicatmosphereisevidentinthefactthattwotellers,thoughtheyknewthatthebankwassoundandcouldpayoutalldepositors,neverthelesswithdrewthefundsintheirownaccounts.Mrs.Vaughtsaysthatshehaddifficultyrestrainingherselffromdoingthesame.

11.Abankrunoccurswhen______.

12.WhathappenedtosomeofthecustomersofthebankwhereMrs.Vaughtworked?

13.Theessentialcauseofarunonabankis______.

14.ThecrowdsgatheredinMrs.Vaught’sbankandonthesidewalkbecauseof______.

15.Accordingtothepassage,theactionsofthecustomersofMrs.Vaught’sbankwereinfluencedchieflyby______.

问题1选项

A.abankisclosedforoneormoreday

B.employeesofabanktaketheirownfundsoutofthebank

C.toomanydepositorsattempttodrawouttheirmoneyatonetime

D.thereappearlonglinesinfrontofthetellers’windows

问题2选项

A.Theylosttheirmoney.

B.Theygotinjured.

C.Theyhadtoleavepartoftheirmoneyinthebank.

D.Theywereforcedtoputtheirmoneyintootherbanks.

问题3选项

A.lackofsufficientfunds

B.toomanydepositors

C.inefficienttellers

D.lossofconfidence

问题4选项

A.doubt

B.greed

C.anger

D.curiosity

问题5选项

A.thefailureofthebanktopayoffeveryone

B.thefailureofseveralbankstoopen

C.theactionsofthetwotellersinthebank

D.thedifficultywithwhichtheyobtaintheirmoney

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】11.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章前三句Banksarenotordinarilypreparedtopayoutallaccounts;theyrelyondepositorsnottodemandpaymentallatthesametime.Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.Iftheydid,thebankcouldnotpayallaccounts.（银行通常不会准备支付所有储户的款项；它们依赖储户不会全部同时要求取款。如果储户担心银行无法支付所有存款人，那么这种担心可能会导致所有储户在同一天出现来取款。如果他们这样做了，银行就不能支付所有的储户。），说明在所有储户同时来取款的时候，会发生银行挤兑。因此C选项“有太多的储户试图同时取款”正确。A选项“银行停业一天或一天以上时”，B选项“银行的员工将自己的存款从银行取出来”，D选项“柜员窗口前出现了长长的队伍”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

12.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第三、四句Peoplebegantopushandthentofightforplacesneartheteller’swindows.Clothingwastornandlimbsbroken,butthejamcontinuedforhours.（人们开始推挤，然后争夺靠近出纳员窗口的位置。衣服被撕破，四肢被打断，但拥堵仍持续了几个小时。），沃特夫人工作的银行一些顾客因为推搡而受伤。因此B选项“他们受伤了”正确。A选项“他们的钱丢了”，C选项“他们不得不把一部分钱留在银行里”，D选项“他们被迫把钱存入其他银行”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

13.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二句Ifdepositorsshouldcometofearthatabankcouldn’tpayoffallitsdepositors,thenthatfearmightcauseallthedepositorstoappearonthesameday.（如果储户担心银行无法支付所有存款人，那么这种担心可能会导致所有储户在同一天出现来取款。），说明银行挤兑本质上是因为储户担心银行的支付能力，也就是对银行失去了信心。因此D选项“失去信心”正确。A选项“缺乏足够的资金”，由原文可知银行有足够的资金，所以A错误。B选项“储户太多”，C选项“柜员效率低下”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C错误。

14.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第五、六句Nextmorningacrowdgatheredinthebankandonthesidewalkoutside.Thelengthofthelineconvincedmanythatthebankcouldnotpossiblypayoffeveryone.（第二天早上，一群人聚集在银行和外面的人行道上。队伍的长度让许多人相信，银行不可能支付所有人的款项。），说明众人聚集在银行是因为他们对银行的支付能力有所怀疑。因此A选项“怀疑”正确。B选项“贪婪”，C选项“愤怒”，D选项“好奇”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

15.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由原文可知，因为储户担心银行的支付能力，害怕自己不能取出存款，所以才会做出在银行聚集、拥堵推挤等行为。根源在于severalbanksfailedtoopen“几家银行倒闭”，导致所有人都在这家银行排长队，进而引起大家的恐慌，所以B选项“几家银行的倒闭”是主要原因。原文也说明thebanks…hadenoughfundsonhandtopayoffasmanydepositorsasmightapply，可知这家银行是有支付能力的，也不存在取钱困难，所以A和D选项可排除；C选项“两名出纳的行为”其实源自于储户的行为，所以并不是储户行为的原因，也可以排除。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。

【答案】Chinahasdevelopedintoabig,extremelyattractiveandrealisticmarketintheglobalcontext.ManyfarsightedentrepreneursfromcountriesandregionsaroundtheworldhavebeguntokeepaneyeonChinaandgottensubstantialprofitsfromtheirinvestmentactivities.Ibelievethat,afterChina’sentryintoWTO,therewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignentrepreneurstomakeinvestmentsinChinaandalsolagerspacefortheirowndevelopment.TheinvestmentactivitiesinChinawillcertainlyserveasabridgeconnectingentrepreneursfromallthecountriesandregionsintheworldwiththeChinesemarket,andpromotethecommoneconomicdevelopmentandprosperityofChinaandtheworld.

3.单选题

Iwastryingtoreadthedirections（）andabsurd.

问题1选项

A.whichwasconfused

B.whichwereconfusing

C.thatwasconfused

D.theywereconfusing

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我正尝试阅读这令人困惑而且荒谬的说明。

语法题。考查定语从句。先行词是名词复数directions，因此，whichwasconfused和thatwasconfused错误。而D项theywereconRising不是定语从句，不符合句法结构，因此答案选B。

4.单选题

Inasocietywhereallaspectsofourlivesaredictatedbyscientificadvancesintechnology,scienceistheessenceofourexistence.Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologists,geologistsandotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishingwealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,andourpeoplewouldsufferfromdiseasesthatcouldnotbecured.Asasocietyweignorantlytakeadvantageoftheamenitiesprovidedbyscience,yetourliveswouldbealteredinterminablywithoutthem.

Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances.Withoutthevaccinescreatedbydoctors,diseasessuchaspolio,measles,hepatitis,andthefluwouldposeathreattoourcitizens,foralthoughsomeofthesediseasesmaynotbedeadly,theirsideeffectscanbeavastdetrimenttoanindividualaffectedwiththedisease.

Inaddition,sciencehasdevelopedperhapsthemostawe-inspiringvitalinventioninthehistoryoftheworld,thecomputer.Withoutthepresenceofthismachineourworldcouldexist,buttheconveniencesbroughtintolifebythecomputerareunparalleled.

Despitethegreatnessofpresent-dayinnovatorsandscientismandtheirrevelations,itisrequisitetoexaminetheamenitiesofsciencethatourculturesoblatantlydisregards.Forinstance,thelightbulb,electricity,thetelephone,runningwater,andtheautomobilearepresent-daystaplesofoursociety,however,theywerenotpresentuntilscientistsdiscoveredthem.

Becauseofthecontributionofscientists,ourworldisevermetamorphosing,andthismetamorphosiseconomicallyandpersonallycomprisesoursociety,whetheroursocietyiscognizantofthisornot.

1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorimpliesthatwe（）.

2.Theauthoruseshealthcareandvaccinestoillustrate（）.

3.Nothing,accordingtotheauthor,canmatchtheinventionofthecomputerintermof（）.

4.Theauthorseemstobeunhappyabout（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.wouldnotsurvivewithoutscience

B.taketheamenitiesofscienceforgranted

C.couldhaveraisedthestandardsoflivingwithscience

D.wouldbefreeofdiseasebecauseofscientificwithadvances

问题2选项

A.howsciencehasbeendeveloped

B.whatsciencemeanstosociety

C.whatthenatureofscienceis

D.howdiseaseaffectssociety

问题3选项

A.power

B.novelty

C.benefits

D.complexity

问题4选项

A.people’signoranceoftheirculture

B.people’signoringtheamenitiesofscience

C.people’smakingnocontributionstosociety

D.people’smisunderstandingofscientificadvance

问题5选项

A.critical

B.cognizant

C.appreciative

D.paradoxical

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段“Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologists,geologistsandotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishingwealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,andourpeoplewouldsufferfromdiseasesthatcouldnotbecured”,如果没有化学家、物理学家、生物学家、地质学家和其他勤奋的科学家所取得的巨大进步，我们的生活水平就会下降，我们繁荣富强的国家就会陷入经济萧条，我们的人民就会患上无法治愈的疾病。由此可知，科技对我们的生活是十分重要的。因此A选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances”,医疗保健是我们社会的一个方面，它把我们和我们的古老祖先分开，它完全建立在科学发现和进步的基础上。由此可知，医疗保健和疫苗是科技发展的一个见证。因此A选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“Withoutthepresenceofthismachineourworldcouldexist,buttheconveniencesbroughtintolifebythecomputerareunparalleled”,没有这台机器，我们的世界可能存在，但电脑带来的便利是无与伦比的。由此可知，电脑是一项伟大的发明，它所带来的便利和益处是其他发明难以企及的。因此C选项符合题意。

4.作者意图题。由题干关键词定位到文章第四段“itisrequisitetoexaminetheamenitiesofsciencethatourculturesoblatantlydisregards.Forinstance,thelightbulb,electricity,thetelephone,runningwater,andtheautomobilearepresent-daystaplesofoursociety,however,theywerenotpresentuntilscientistsdiscoveredthem”,但我们有必要检查我们的文化如此公然的忽视科学的便利设施。例如，电灯泡、电、电话、自来水和汽车是我们当今社会的必需品，然而，它们直到科学家发现后才出现。由此可知作者对于便利设施的忽视是持不满态度的。因此B选项符合题意。

5.作者意图题。作者从最开始的科技对人类生活的重要性，到医疗保健和疫苗对人类健康的保证，以及计算机和科技设施的影响，都是积极赞赏的语气，因此C选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Itbestowstheabilitytoovercomelaziness,temptationsandnegativehabits,andtocarryoutactions,eveniftheyrequireeffort,areunpleasantandtediousorcontrarytoone’shabit.

问题1选项

A.monotonous

B.interesting

C.entertaining

D.equitable

【答案】A

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项monotonous“单调的，千篇一律的，因单调令人厌烦的”；B选项interesting“有趣的，有意思的”；C选项entertaining“令人愉快的，有趣的”；D选项equitable“公平的，公正的”。句意：它赋予人们克服懒惰、诱惑和消极习惯的能力，并且能够采取行动，即使这些行动需要付出努力，是令人不快的、乏味的或与自己的习惯相反的。Tedious“沉闷的；冗长乏味的”，A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。

6.翻译题

NoissueisasvitaltothefutureofU.S.researchuniversitiesasarenewalofcommitmenttothemutualbenefitsofresearchandeducation.Oneofthegreatstrengthsofourresearchuniversitiesistheirabilitytolinkthecreationofnewknowledgewiththetransferofthatknowledgetostudents.Unfortunately,numeroussigns(somereal,someperceived)pointtowardagrowingemphasisonresearchandade-emphasisoneducation.

Asensationalisticviewofthesetrendsoftenemergesinthepopularpress.Recentstorieshavedescribedadetachedprofessor’sleavingteachingtograduatestudents,rewardsystemsbasedon“publishorperish”,faculty“buyingout”ofteachingresponsibilities,andtenureandpromotiondecisionsbasedentirelyonone’sabilitytoattractfederalresearchdollars.Thesetypesofreportshavefueledagrowingpublicbacklashagainsthighereducation.Anumberofstateshavetoinstituteminimumrequirementsforclassroomtimeandofficehoursforfacultyatpublicresearchuniversities.

【答案】对美国研究型大学的未来来说，没有什么比重新致力于研究和教育的共同利益更重要。研究型大学的最大优势之一是它们能够将新知识的创造与向学生传授知识联系起来。不幸的是，许多迹象（有些是真实的，有些是察觉到的）表明，这些大学越来越重视研究，而不那么重视教育。

大众媒体上经常出现关于这种趋势的哗众取宠的观点。最近的一些报道介绍了把教学任务扔给研究生的冷漠教授、基于“要么发表论文，要么死亡”原则的奖励制度、“买断”教学责任的教师以及完全取决于吸引联邦研究经费的能力的任期和晋升制度。这类报告激起了公众对高等教育的强烈反对。许多州已经为公立研究型大学的教师制定了上课时间和办公时间的最低要求。

7.单选题

Intimesofeconomicdifficulty,governmentalbudgetsforeducationareoftenslashedbeforeanyothers.

问题1选项

A.shifted

B.cut

C.checked

D.donated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。slash表示“猛砍，削减”。A项shift“转移，快速转移”，B项cut“割破，砍，削减”，C项check“检查”，D项donate“捐赠”。句意：在经济困难时期，政府经常首先削减教育预算。根据句意，该题选B正确。

8.单选题

Themostpressingproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarceresources.

问题1选项

A.urgent

B.difficult

C.terrifying

D.puzzling

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项urgent“紧急的，急迫的”；B选项difficult“困难的”；C选项terrifying“令人恐惧的”；D选项puzzling“令人迷惑的”。句意：任何经济体系面临的最紧迫的问题是如何利用其稀缺的资源。句中划线词的定义是“紧迫的”，与A选项最为接近，因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Ingeneral,theeffectsofradiationcanbedividedintothosewhichaffecttheindividualsexposedandthosewhichaffecttheir（）.

问题1选项

A.succession

B.descendants

C.descent

D.successors

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项succession“继任，继承”；B选项descendant“后代，晚辈”；C选项descent“下降，血统，袭击”；D选项successor“继承人”。根据individual可知，空格处应填入某一或某类人物，故A、C选项不符合题意，排除。successor一般是说某个家庭的继承人，而descendant泛指人类的子孙后代，所以本题选B更加贴切。句意：总的来说，辐射的危害可以分为对辐射接收者本人的影响以及对其子孙后代的影响。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

10.单选题

Wetriedtonegotiatebuttheywereadamant.

问题1选项

A.disagreeable

B.confident

C.hostile

D.unyielding

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.disagreeable不愉快的，厌恶的，脾气坏的B.confident自信的，确定的

C.hostile敌对的，敌意的D.unyielding不屈的，坚强的，坚定的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由but可知，前后句意为转折，前面提到“我们试图谈判”，所以推断adamant表示“态度坚决”。因此，D选项词义与划线部分单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为D选项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】我们试图谈判，但他们态度坚决。

11.单选题

Herfacewasafair（）toherdisposition.

问题1选项

A.mark

B.indication

C.preface

D.index.

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:mark“斑点；记号；成绩”；B:indication“指示；象征”；C:preface“序言，引语”；D:index“索引；＜数＞指数；指示；标志”。句意：她的脸是显示她气质的一个很好的指标。根据语境和句意，D选项正确。

12.单选题

Allthewindowsofthefactorywereshatteredbytheterribleexplosion.

问题1选项

A.smashed

B.crushed

C.crashed

D.splintered

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项smashed“打碎”，指突然而猛烈地重击某物，使之破碎或完全变形；B选项crushed“压碎”，指用力把东西压破或变形；C选项crashed“碰撞”，指摔坏，坠毁；D选项splintered“分裂”，指物品裂开。句意：工厂的所有窗户都被可怕的爆炸震碎了。划线部分shattered是打碎的意思。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Thesuspectgavea（

）explanationforhispresenceatthescene,sothepolicedecidedtolookelsewherefortheperpetratorofthecrime.

问题1选项

A.unbelievable

B.credible

C.insufficient

D.apologetic

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。unbelievable“不可信的，站不住脚的”；credible“可信的，可靠的”；insufficient“不充分的，不足的”；apologetic“道歉的，辩解的”；根据句意‘由于嫌疑人为自己在现场的出现做出了（

）解释，所以警察决定转向其它地方搜寻该犯罪的作案者。’确定B选项正确。

14.翻译题

Quittingsmokingismoreofamatterofwillpowerthanofindividualchoice,forsmokingiswidelyrecognizedasaddictive.Althoughcounselingandmedicationcanincreasetheoddsthatasmokerquitspermanently,thebestwaytoavoiddilemmasisnevertotakeupsmokingtobeginwith.

Theirreversibleeffectsofcigarettesmokingvaryinintensityandarerelatedbothtotheamountanddurationofexposureandtheageatwhichthepersonisinitiallyexposed.Thisreportchallengesthenotionthatafewyearsofexposuretosmokingwillhavenolastingharmfulconsequences.Wehopetodiscouragethisprevalentbutvitalhabitandsuggestthattobacco-relatedhealtheffectsdeclinesubstantiallyastimeawayfromsmokingincreases.

【答案】人们普遍认为吸烟成瘾，与其说戒烟是个人选择的问题，不如说是意志力的问题。虽然就医和药物治疗能增加永久戒烟的概率，但避免进退两难的最好办法是一开始就不吸烟。吸烟带来不可逆的影响程度不同，且与烟瘾和烟龄有关，也与最初接触烟的年龄有关。

本报告挑战的是一种观点，即几年的吸烟史不会产生长期的不良后果。我们希望劝说人们不要染上这一常见而致命的习惯，并指出随着戒烟时间的增加，烟草对健康产生的影响就会大幅度减少。

15.单选题

Oneargumentusedtosupporttheideathatemploymentwillcontinuetobethedominantformofwork,andthatemploymentwilleventuallybecomeavailableforallwhowantit,isthatworkingtimewillcontinuetofall.Peopleinjobswillworkfewerhoursintheday,fewerdaysintheweek,fewerweeksintheyear,andfeweryearsinalifetime,thantheydonow.Thiswillmeanthatmorejobswillbeavailableformorepeople.This,itissaid,isthewayweshouldsetaboutrestoringfullemployment.

Thereisnodoubtthatsomethingofthiskindwillhappen.Theshorterworkingweek,longerholidays,earlierretirement,job-sharing—theseandotherwaysofreducingtheamountoftimepeoplespendontheirjobs—arecertainlylikelytospread.Amixofpart-timepaidworkandpart-timeunpaidworkislikelytobecomeamuchmorecommonworkpatternthantoday,andaflexi-lifepatternofwork-involvingpaidemploymentatcertainstagesoflife,butnotatothers—willbecomewidespread.Butitissurelyunrealistictoassumethatthiswillmakeitpossibletorestorefullemploymentasthedominantformofwork.

Inthefirstplace,solongasemploymentremainstheoverwhelminglyimportantformofworkandsourceofincomeformostpeople,itisverydifficulttoseehowreductionsinemployees’workingtimecantakeplaceonascalesufficientlylargeandatapacesufficientlyfasttomakeitpossibletoshareouttheavailablepaidemploymenttoeveryonewhowantsit.Suchnegotiationsastherehaverecentlybeen,forexampleinBritainandGermany,aboutthepossibilityofintroducinga35-hourworkingweek,havehighlightedsomeofthedifficulties.But,secondly,ifchangesofthiskindweretotakeplaceatapaceandonascalesufficienttomakeitpossibletoshareemploymentamongallwhowantedit,theresultingsituation—inwhichmostpeoplewouldnotbeworkingintheirjobsformorethantwoorthreeshortdaysaweek―couldhardlycontinuetobeoneinwhichemploymentwasstillregardedastheonlytrulyvalidformofwork.Therewouldbesomanypeoplespendingsomuchoftheirtimeonotheractivities,includingotherformsofusefulwork,thattheprimacyofemploymentwouldbeboundtobecalledintoquestion,atleasttosomeextent.

1.TheauthorusesthenegotiationsinBritainandGermanyasanexampleto（

）.

2.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorseemstoimplythatasaresultofshorterworkingtime

（

）.

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsfuturefullemploymentisgenerally（

）.

问题1选项

A.supportreductionsinemployeesworkingtime

B.indicateemployeesareunwillingtosharejobs

C.provethepossibilityofsharingpaidemployment

D.showthatemploymentwillloseitsdominance

问题2选项

A.employmentmaynotretainitsusualimportance

B.employmentmaynotberegardedasvalidwork

C.peoplecanbeengagedinfarlessunpaidwork

D.peoplecanbeengagedinfarmoreunpaidwork

问题3选项

A.supportive

B.wavering

C.skeptical

D.unclear

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。本题是问作者用英国和德国的谈判这个例子的目的是什么。由本文最后一段中的内容“itisverydifficulttoseehowreductionsinemployees’workingrimecantakeplaceonascalesufficientlylargeandatapacesufficientlyfasttomakeitpossibletoshareouttheavailablepaidemploymenttoeveryonewhowantsit.Suchnegotiationsastherehaverecentlybeen,forexampleinBritainandGermany,aboutthepossibilityofintroducinga35-hourworkingweek,havehighlightedsomeofthedifficulties.很难看出，员工的工作时间是如何以足够大的规模、足够快的速度减少的，以至于有可能将可用的带薪就业机会分配给每一个想要的人。最近在英国和德国就引入每周35小时工作制的可能性进行的谈判，突显了其中的一些困难。”可知提到了这次谈判，主要目的是为了支持减少员工们的工作时间，A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。本题是问文章的最后作者想表达更短的工作时间的一个结果是什么。根据本文最后一段最后一句内容“Therewouldbesomanypeoplespendingsomuchoftheirtimeonotheractivities,includingotherformsofusefulwork,thattheprimacyofemploymentwouldbeboundtobecalledintoquestion,atleasttosomeextent.将有如此多的人把如此多的时间花在其他活动上，包括其他形式的有益工作，就业的首要地位必然会受到质疑，至少在某种程度上是这样。”可知有更短的工作时间的结果是人们就可以把时间放到更多其他的活动或者有价值的工作中去，所以C选项‘人们可以从事少得多的无薪工作’正确。

3.观点态度题。本题是问作者对于未来的完全雇佣所持有的态度。A选项supportive“支持的”；B选项wavering“摇摆的，犹豫不决的”；C选项skeptical“怀疑的”；

D选项unclear“不清楚的”。根据本文第二段最后一句话写到“Butitissurelyunrealistictoassumethatthiswillmakeitpossibletorestorefullemploymentasthedominantformofwork.但是，如果认为这将使充分就业成为可能，重新成为占主导地位的工作形式，那肯定是不现实的。”可知出作者认为恢复完全雇佣为工作的主要形式是不现实的，C选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Theboysinthedorm（）acointodecidewhowouldcleanthefloor.

问题1选项

A.held

B.tossed

C.put

D.collected

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hold“持有；保存；召开”；B选项toss“抛；摇匀；颠簸”；C选项put“出发；航行；发芽”；D选项collect“收集；募捐”。句意：宿舍里的男生……硬币决定谁来扫地。这里是指“扔硬币”来做决定，因此B选项toss符合句意。

17.单选题

Duringthenineteenyearsofhiscareer,FranceBattiatehaswonthe（）ofawideaudienceoutsideItaly.

问题1选项

A.enjoyment

B.appreciation

C.evaluation

D.reputation

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。句意：在他19年的职业生涯中，FranceBattiate赢得了意大利以外的大量观众的。

enjoyment享受；appreciation欣赏；evaluation评价；reputation名誉。因此，B项符合句意。

18.单选题

Thegovernmentdecidedtotakea(n)（）actiontostrengthenthemarketmanagement.

问题1选项

A.diverse

B.durable

C.epidemic

D.drastic

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。diverse多样的，变化多的；durable持久的，耐用的；epidemic流行的,传染的；drastic激烈的,大刀阔斧式的。句意:政府应该采取（）措施加强市场管理。takeadrasticaction意为“进行大刀阔斧的改革”。

19.翻译题

4.Whenpeoplefaceachallengetheysometimestalkabouttakingadeepbreathtofindcourageorstrength.Infact,theword“inspire”literallymeans“tobreathein”.Butevenwiththeinspirationofothers,it’sunderstandablethatwesometimesthinktheworld’sproblemsaresobigthatwecandolittletohelp.Onourown,wecannotendwarsorwipeoutinjustice,butthecumulativeimpactofthousandsofsmallactsofgoodnesscanbebiggerthanweimagine.

【答案】【参考译文】

4.遭遇挑战的人们有时会说，深吸一口气，拿出勇气和力量。事实上，“鼓舞”的字面意思就是“吸气”。可即便受到他人鼓舞，我们有时还是发现，这个世界的问题太大，我们所做的不过杯水车薪，这是可以理解的。就我们自己而言，我们无法结束战争，扫荡不公，可成千上万微不足道的善行累加起来，却能产生我们想象不到的影响。

20.单选题

Ayearago,threejournalistsworkingforQatar’sAl-JazeeraEnglishnetworksuddenlyfoundthemselvescaughtupinEgypt'sharshsecuritycrackdownfollowingthemilitary'soverthrowofIslamistPresidentMohammedMorsi,thecountry'sfirstdemocraticallyelectedleader.Twoofthem,AustralianPeterGreste,anaward-winningformerBBCcorrespondent,andMohammedFahym,anEgyptian-bornCanadian,werearrestedwhenthepoliceburstintotheirofficesuiteinCairo’sMarriottHotel.Thethird,EgyptianfreelanceproducerBaherMohammed,wasledawayinhandcuffsfromhisCairohomeafterhispoliceshothisdog.

Egypt’scrackdownonpoliticaldissenthaspresentedPresidentObamawithadifficultchoice.Ononehand,he’skeenlyawareofEgypt’sstrategicimportancetotheU.S.—fromcooperationwithanti-terroristintelligencetomaintainingtheIsraeli-Egyptianpeacetreaty,whichiswhyObamahasrefusedtocharacterizeMorsi’soverthrowasacoup,astepthatwouldlegallyrequiretheadministrationtohaltallmilitaryaidtoEgyptuntilthecountryrestoresdemocracy.ButObamaalsowantstobeseenasastaunchdefenderofhumanrightsanddemocracy,keydemandsoftheArabSpringproteststhatchallengedautocraticruleinmuchoftheMiddleEast.Tothatend,theconflictedpresidentlastyearhelduphundredsofmillionsofdollarsofmilitaryaidtoEgypttosignalhisconcernoverhumanrightsviolations.

Now,however,Washington'sstrategicconsiderationsappeartohavetrumpeditshumanrightsconcerns.Thereason:thenewRepublican-controlledHouseandSenateareconcernedwiththeriseofISISmilitants.There'salsobeenahugeinfluxofaidtoEgyptfromoil-richGulfstatesthathasweakenedU.S.leverage.Lastmonth,Obamasignedlegislationthatallowshimtoinvokenationalsecurityconcernstowaivehumanrightsconditionsattachedto$1.5billioninmostlymilitaryaidtoEgypt,suchasrequirementstoholdfreeandfairelectionsandprotectminorityfights.AndwhileObamaperiodicallyspeaksoutagainstEgypt'sdismalhumanrightsrecord,there'slittledoubtamongbothadministrationofficialsandMiddleEasthandsthathewillusethatwaivertokeeptheaidtoCairoflowing.“WecanharanguetheEgyptiansallwewantaboutdemocracy,”saysanexpertonEgyptattheCouncilonForeignRelations.“Butitdoesn'tgetusanywhere.”

SuchattemptsatgainingleverageovertheEgyptiansdon'tseemtobeworking.Ifanything,theyhavefurtherstokedEgyptiandoubtsaboutWashingtonanddrivenCairoclosertothosewealthyGulfnationswhohaveprovidedel-Sissiwithsome$32billioninaidwithnoconditionsattached.Bycontrast,Washington'sannual$1.5billionaidpackagenowseemspaltry.EvenwiththelikelihoodthatU.S.militaryaidtoEgyptwillnowflow,therelationshipstillfacessomeroughspots.EgyptianofficialsareresistingAmericanadvicetospenditsaidmoneyoncounterterrorismequipmentandbordersecurity.

YetthesedisagreementsareunlikelytochangeWashington'sdecisiontomuteitshumanrightsconcerns,whichmeansthejailedAl-JazeerajournalistswillhavetocountonasuccessfulrapprochementbetweenEgyptandQatarfortheirrelease,ratherthananyfurtherpressurefromWashington.AsanAmericanworkingwiththeEgyptianmilitarysaid,“Idon’tthinktheadministrationhasmuchstomachtoreallypushhardagainstCairo.”

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfromanarticleentitled“（）”

2.Theword“harangue”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto“（）”

3.Wecaninferfromthelastsentenceinthelastparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedissent’ssituationinEgypt?

问题1选项

A.TheLeverageofAmericainEgypt

B.U.S.MilitaryAidtoEgypt

C.TheWinterofEgypt’sDissent

D.TheFutureofEgypt

问题2选项

A.harness

B.trytopersuade

C.harass

D.trytoteach

问题3选项

A.theUnitedStateshaslittleinterestinimpellingEgypt

B.theUnitedStatesnolongerhasmuchdesireinEgypt

C.theUnitedStatesdoesnotwanttotolerateEgyptanymore

D.theUnitedStatesisveryangrywithwhatEgyptdid

问题4选项

A.TheUnitedStatesismoreconcernedwiththehumanrightsinEgyptthanwithotheraspects.

B.AlthoughtherelationshipbetweentheUnitedStatesandEgyptfacessomeroughspots,theUnitedStatesstillhasstronginfluenceonEgypt.

C.TheGulfstatesandtheUnitedStatessharethesamestandonEgyptasbothofthemhaveofferedsomeaidtoEgypt.

D.AlthoughtheUnitedStateshasdecidedtoofferaidtoEgypt,itsleverageinCairoisdiminishing.

问题5选项

A.Itisoptimistic

B.Itispessimistic.

C.Itisindifferent

D.Itiscredulous.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段第一句，“Ayearago,threejournalistsworkingforQatar’sAl-JazeeraEnglishnetworksuddenlyfoundthemselvescaughtupinEgypt'sharshsecuritycrackdown”，可知第一段主要提到了三位记者突然被发现自己被卷入埃及严厉的安全镇压中，接着提到了两名记者受到了逮捕，还有的被直接枪毙打死。可知埃及对政治分歧人员进行了镇压。根据文章最后一段，“thejailedAl-JazeerajournalistswillhavetocountonasuccessfulrapprochementbetweenEgyptandQatarfortheirrelease,ratherthananyfurtherpressurefromWashington.”，可知被监禁的记者只能依靠埃及和卡特尔的和解来释放他们，而不是华盛顿的压力。所以文章主要讲了埃及对政治异议者的打压相当严厉，异议者的处境相当艰难。选项C符合题意。

2.词义理解题。根据文章第三段，“ObamaperiodicallyspeaksoutagainstEgypt'sdismalhumanrightsrecord…WecanharanguetheEgyptiansallwewantaboutdemocracy…Butitdoesn'tgetusanywhere.”，可知美国虽然定期公开批评了埃及糟糕的人权纪录，但是并没有认为带来任何好处。所以对于民主，他们能够对埃及人民harangue他们能想到的所有，可推断出美国可以尽一切可能对埃及人在民主方面进行劝说。选项B符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“Idon’tthinkt