考研考博-英语-广州航海学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州航海学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat_______thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.

问题1选项

A.atlarge

B.atintervals

C.atease

D.atrandom

【答案】B

【解析】介词词组辨析。atlarge“整个地”；atintervals“不时”；atease“不紧张”；atrandom“随机”。句意：讨论太长并且令人筋疲力尽，以至于说话的人时不时停下来吃点点心。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Lovecan’tconquerall.So,beforecouplestietheknot,theyshouldknowwhatthey’regettinginto.Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether.

Asmuchasapersonlovesanother,heorsheneverreallyknowswhathappensbehindcloseddoorsunlessheorsheisstandingontheotherside.Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether.Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds.Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilitiesbeforesomeonerealizesheorshehasmarriedalazybum.

Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc.?

Oneofthelargestproblemsinmarriagesisthe“in”word:money.Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theylearnoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother.It’simportantforcouplestofigureoutbudgetprioritiesbeforetheyaremarried,andthisisdifficulttodounlessapersonhasbeensharingexpenseswithhisorherpartner.Ifcouplesdon’thavetheirfinancialissuesinorder,theyareboundtosurface,causingtroubleinthemarriage.

It’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher.Aspecialbondformsbetweenpeoplewhosharetheirlivingspace,theirpersonallongings,andtheirlivestogether.Somethingsyoujustdon’tknowuntilyou’velivedwithsomeone.

Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,likemosteverythingelseinthiscountry,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect.Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship.Butifarelationshipisgoingtoendit’sbetterforpeopletodiscoverthehardtruthbeforetheymarry.Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?Peoplemightwanttofindoutbeforetheymaketheseriousdecisiontomarry.

1.“Tietheknot”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,throughlivingtogether（）.

3.Tosomepeoplelivingtogetherbeforemarringisunacceptablebecause（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Animportantpointtheauthormadeinthispassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.gettingacquaintedwitheachother

B.datingeachother

C.livingtogetherbeforemarriage

D.gettingmarried

问题2选项

A.acouplecanreinforcetheirlove

B.acouplecanlearnwhoisbetteratdoingthehousework

C.acouplecansavesomemoneyfortheirmarriage

D.acouplecanknoweachotherintimately

问题3选项

A.itisimmoralandinappropriate

B.itmayendarelationshipmorequickly

C.itisashametothecouple’sparents

D.itwillcausemanysocialproblems

问题4选项

A.Livingtogetherbeforemarriageisnowmoreacceptablethanbefore.

B.Littlehouseholdchorescancausetroubleinone’smarriage.

C.Loveistheguaranteeofahappymarriage.

D.Newly-wedsoftenhasmanylifeimbalancestoface.

问题5选项

A.livingtogetherbeforemarriageissignificant;everycoupleshouldtryit

B.livingtogetherbeforemarriageisachoicethatshouldberespected

C.livingtogetheristhebestwaytobridgethegapsbetweenacouple

D.livingtogetherisasymbolofthemodernformofcivilization

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:语义题。根据题干定位至第一段:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(人们对婚前同居的禁忌正在减少，越来越多的人在同居几个月甚至几年后说“我愿意”)，由此可知tietheknot指“结婚”，因此D项正确。

第2题:判断推理题。A:夫妻能牢固他们的爱情。第六段指出:Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship(同居可以是一种积极的经历，日后会巩固婚姻，但也可以是结束一段关系的事情)。因此A项不正确。B:夫妻可以了解谁更擅长做家务。第二段指出:Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilities...(通过同居，夫妻可以解决这些责任分配的不平衡…)，此说法并不能推断出B项，因此B项错误。C:夫妻能为他们的婚姻存一些钱。第四段指出:Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theyleanoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother(如果夫妻在婚前同居，他们会互相依赖对方的储蓄和消费方式。通过削减开支，人们不仅学会了如何控制每个人的钱袋，而且学会了如何相互讨论财务问题)。由此可知C项不正确。D:一对夫妻可以亲密地了解彼此。根据题干关键词livingtogether定位到第五段:it’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher(不和他或她住在一起，就很难亲密地了解对方)，因此D项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词unacceptable定位至第二段以及第六段。第二段指出:Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether(虽然有些人认为婚前同居是不道德的，但事实上，夫妻们正在通过同居来扩展关系)。第六段指出:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(虽然有些人认为婚前同居不合适，但这是每个人都应该尊重的选择)。由此可知A项“不道德也不合适”正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:与过去相比，现在人们更能接受婚前同居了。第一段第二句指出:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(对婚前同居的禁忌正在减少，越来越多的人在同居几个月甚至几年后说“我愿意”)。因此A项正确。B:家务琐事会给婚姻带来麻烦。第二段第三句指出:Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds(例如，家务责任的划分可能是新婚夫妇的一个大事)。因此B项正确。C:爱是美满婚姻的保证。第六段第四句指出:Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?(即使两个人彼此相爱，喜欢共度时光，但真正的问题是，你们能一起生活吗？)。因此C项与原文不符且过于绝对。D:新婚夫妇经常面临许多生活不平衡的问题。第三段指出:Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc(这似乎是一个小问题，但是有多少女人和男人从来没有想过他们会是唯一做饭、洗碗、吸尘、忙碌、擦洗、消毒、洗衣服、除尘等的人)。因此D项正确。

第5题:观点态度题。体现作者观点态度的句子可参考第六段:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(虽然有些人认为婚前同居是不合适的，但这是每个人都应该尊重的选择)，因此B项“婚前同居是一个应该被尊重的选择”正确。

3.单选题

Medievalistsusuallydistinguishmedievalpubliclawfromprivatelaw:theformerwasconcernedwithgovernmentandmilitaryaffairsandthelatterwiththefamily,socialstatus,andlandtransactions.Examinationonmedievalwomen’slivesshowsthisdistinctiontobeoverlysimplistic.Althoughmedievalwomenwerelegallyexcludedfromrolesthatcategorizedaspublic,suchassoldier,justice,jurymember,orprofessionaladministrativeofficial,women’scontrolofland—usuallyconsideredaprivateordomesticphenomenon—hadimportantpoliticalimplicationsinthefeudalsystemofthirteenth-centuryEngland.Sincelandequaledwealthandwealthequaledpower,certainwomenexercisedinfluencebycontrollingland.Unlikeunmarriedwomenwhowerelegallysubjecttotheirguardiansormarriedwomenwhohadnolegalidentityseparatefromtheirhusbands,womenwhowerewidowshadautonomywithrespecttoacquiringordisposingofcertainproperty,suingincourt,incurringliabilityfortheirowndebts,andmakingwills.

Althoughfeudallandswerenormallytransferredthroughprimogeniture(theeldestsoninheritingall),whennosonssurvived,thesurvivingdaughtersinheritedequalsharesunderwhatwasknownaspartibleinheritance.Inadditiontocontrollinganysuchlandinheritedfromherparentsandanybridaldowry—propertyawomanbroughttothemarriagefromherownfamily—awidowwasentitledtouseofone-thirdofherlatehusband’slands.Called“dower”inEngland,thisgranthadgreaterlegalimportanceundercommonlawthandidthebridaldowry;nomarriagewaslegalunlessthegroomendowedthebridewiththispropertyattheweddingceremony.In1215MagnaCarta(ThecharterofEnglishpoliticalandcivillibertiesgrantedbyKingJohnatRunnymedeinJune1215)guaranteedawidow’srighttoclaimherdowerwithoutpayingafine;thisdocumentalsostrengthenedwidow’sabilitytocontrollandbyprohibitingforcedremarriage.After1272womencouldalsobenefitfromjointure:thegroomcouldagreetoholdpartorallofhislandsjointlywiththebride,sothatifonespousedied,theotherreceivedtheselands.

Sincemanywidowshadinheritancesaswellasdowers,widowswerefrequentlythefinancialheadsofthefamily;eventhoughlegaltheoryassumedthemaintenanceoftheprincipleofprimogeniture,theamountoflandthewidowcontrolledcouldexceedthatofhersonorofothermaleheirs.Anyonewhoheldfeudallandexercisedauthorityoverthepeopleattachedtotheland—knights,rentaltenants,andpeasants—andhadtohireestateadministrators,overseeaccounts,receiverents,protecttenantsfromoutsideencroachment,punishtenantsfornotpayingrents,appointprieststolocalparishes,andactasguardiansoftenants,childrenandexecutorsoftheirwills.Manymarriedwomenfulfilledthesedutiesasdeputiesforhusbandsawayatcourtoratwar,butwidowscouldactontheirownbehalf.Widow’slegalindependenceissuggestedbytheirfrequentappearanceinthirteenth-centuryEnglishlegalrecords.Moreover,thescopeoftheirsway(a:acontrollinginfluenceb:sovereignpower:DOMINIONc:theabilitytoexerciseinfluenceorauthority:DOMINANCE;synonymsseePOWER.)isindicatedbythefactthatsomecontrollednotmerelysingleestates,butmultiplecounties.

26.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

27.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelyexpressesthemeaningoftheworld“sway”asitisusedinLine33ofthepassage?

28.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesthefunctionofthesecondparagraphofthepassage?

29.Accordingtoinformationinthepassage,awidowinearlythirteenth-centuryEnglandcouldcontrolmorelandthandidhereldestsonif（）.

30.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.Thetraditionalviewofmedievalwomenaslegallyexcludedfrommanypublicofficesfailstoconsiderthirteenth-centurywomeninEnglandwhowereexemptedfromsuchrestrictions.

B.Theeconomicindependenceofwomeninthirteenth-centuryEnglandwasprimarilydeterminednotbytheirmaritalstatus,butbytheirstatusasheirstotheirparents’estates.

C.Thelawsandcustomsofthefeudalsysteminthirteenth-centuryEnglandenabledsomewomentoexerciseacertainamountofpowerdespitetheirlegalexclusionfrommostpublicroles.

D.DuringthethirteenthcenturyinEngland,widowsgainedgreaterautonomyandlegalrightstotheirpropertythantheyhadhadinpreviouscenturies.

问题2选项

A.Vacillation.

B.Dominion.

C.Predisposition.

D.Inclination.

问题3选项

A.Providingexamplesofspecifichistoricaleventsassupportfortheconclusiondrawninthethirdparagraph.

B.Narratingasequenceofeventswhoseoutcomesdiscussedinthethirdparagraph.

C.Explaininghowcircumstancesdescribedinthefirstparagraphcouldhaveoccurred.

D.Describingtheeffectsofaneventmentionedinthefirstparagraph.

问题4选项

A.thewidowhadbeengrantedthecustomaryamountofdowerlandandtheeldestsoninheritedtherestoftheland

B.thewidowhadthreedaughtersinadditiontohereldestson

C.theprincipleofprimogeniturehadbeenappliedintransferringthelandsownedbythewidow’slatehusband

D.thecombinedamountoflandthewidowhadacquiredfromherownfamilyandfromdowerwasgreaterthantheamountinheritedbyherson

问题5选项

A.explainalegalcontroversyofthepastinlightofmodemtheory

B.evaluatetheeconomicandlegalstatusofaparticularhistoricalgroup

C.resolveascholarlydebateaboutlegalhistory

D.tracethehistoricaloriginsofamodemeconomicsituation

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】26.主旨目的题。全文多次出现关键词，Medievalists,law,women,浏览全文，主题句可定位到第一段第三句。“Althoughmedievalwomenwerelegallyexcludedfromrolesthatcategorizedaspublic,suchassoldier,justice,jurymember,orprofessionaladministrativeofficial,women’scontrolofland—usuallyconsideredaprivateordomesticphenomenon—hadimportantpoliticalimplicationsinthefeudalsystemofthirteenth-centuryEngland.（虽然中世纪妇女在法律上被排除在公共角色之外，如士兵、法官、陪审团成员或职业行政官员，但妇女对土地的控制——通常被认为是一种私人或家庭现象——在13世纪的英国封建制度中具有重要的政治含义。）”由此得出本题答案。

27.

语义题。根据题干关键词sway定位到原文最后一段最后一句。“Moreover,thescopeoftheirsway(a:acontrollinginfluenceb:sovereignpower:DOMINIONc:theabilitytoexerciseinfluenceorauthority:DOMINANCE;synonymsseePOWER.)isindicatedbythefactthatsomecontrollednotmerelysingleestates,butmultiplecounties.”后面括号中的内容是对其的解释说明，括号中提到influence,power,authority，那么sway的意思则应与这些词相近。选项中dominion意为“主权，统治权”符合要求，从而得出本题答案。

28.

细节事实题。根据题干定位第二段。原文第一段最后一句“Unlikeunmarriedwomenwhowerelegallysubjecttotheirguardiansormarriedwomenwhohadnolegalidentityseparatefromtheirhusbands,womenwhowerewidowshadautonomywithrespecttoacquiringordisposingofcertainproperty,suingincourt,incurringliabilityfortheirowndebts,andmakingwills.”提到了widows（寡妇）如何分得财产，包括suingincourt,incurringliabilityfortheirowndebts和makingwills三种情境，第二段就是围绕着这几种情境来具体描述解释相关的法律规定。从而得出本题答案。

29.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词widow,controlmoreland,hereldestson可定位到原文第二段。根据“thesurvivingdaughtersinheritedequalsharesunderwhatwasknownaspartibleinheritance.”“propertyawomanbroughttothemarriagefromherownfamily”“awidowwasentitledtouseofone-thirdofherlatehusband’slands.”即可得出本题答案。

30.主旨目的题。本文讨论的话题背景时期为thirteenth-centuryEngland，与选项B中的aparticularhistoricalgroup对应；原文第一段第四句提到那段特定历史时期是landequaledwealthandwealthequaledpower与选项B中的theeconomicandlegalstatus对应。从而得出本题答案。

4.单选题

Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.Forests,jungles,deserts,plains,oceans—theorganicenvironmentisbornanddiesandisrebornendlessly,beautifully,andcompletelywithoutmoralconstraintorethicalcontrol.Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.Itisnotacity.

Humanbeingsmadeandmakecities,andonlyhumanbeingskillcities,orletthemdie.Andhumanbeingsdoboth—makecitiesandunmakethem—bythesamemeans:byactsofchoice.Weenjoydeludingourselvesinthisasinotherthings.Weenjoybelievingthatthereareforcesouttherecompletelydeterminingourfate,naturalforces—orforcessostrongandoverwhelmingastobelikenaturalforces—thatsendcitiesthroughorganicorbiologicalphasesofbirth,growth,anddecay.Weavoidtheknowledgethatcitiesareatbestworksofart,andatworstungainlyartifacts—butneverflowersorevenweeds—andthatwe,notsomemysteriousforceorcosmicbiologicalsystem,controlthecreationandlifeofacity.

Wecontrolthecreationandlifeofacitybythechoicesandagreementswemake—thebasicchoicebeing,forinstance,nottolivealone,thebasicagreementbeingtolivetogether.Whenpeoplechoosetosettle,likethestarts,notwanderlikethemoon,theycreatecitiesassitesandsymbolsoftheirchoicetostopandtheiragreementnottoseparate.Nowstasisandproximity,notmovementdistance,definehumanrelationships.Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.

Acityisnotanextendedfamily.Thatisatribeorclan.Acityisacollectionofdisparatefamilieswhoagreetofunction:Theyagreetoliveasiftheywereascloseinbloodortiesofkinshipastheyareinphysicalproximity.Choosinglifeinanartifact,peopleagreetoliveinastateofsimilitude.Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.Ifafamilyisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughbiology,acityisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughwillandimagination—throughmentalchoicesmakingartifice,notthroughphysicalreproduction.

21.Theauthor’spurposeisprimarilyto______.

22.Theauthorcitesthesentence“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”(Paragraph1)as______.

23.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthestatementsquotedin“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”inParagraph1is______.

24.Accordingtothispassage,whyisananthillbydefinitionunlikeacity?

25.Mutualdefense,controlofwaterways,andshelterfromtheforcesofnaturearepresentedprimarilyanexampleofmotivesforpeopleto______.

问题1选项

A.identifythesourcesofpopulardiscontentwithcities

B.definethecityasgrowingoutofasocialcontract

C.illustratethedifferencebetweencitiesandvillages

D.comparecitieswithbloodfamilies

问题2选项

A.anexampleofonetypeoffigurativelanguages

B.asimplestatementofscientificfact

C.amomentarydigressionfromhiscentralthesis

D.aparadoxwithironicimplications

问题3选项

A.respectful

B.ambivalent

C.skeptical

D.approving

问题4选项

A.Itcanbecasuallydestroyedbyhumanbeings.

B.Itsinhabitantsoutnumbertheinhabitantsofeventhelargestcity.

C.Itisaworkofinstinctratherthanofimagination.

D.Itexistsonafarsmallerscalethananycitydoes.

问题5选项

A.moveawayfromtheirenemies

B.gathertogetherinsettlements

C.welcomehelpfromtheirkinfolk

D.redefinetheirfamilyrelationships

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“作者的主要目的是……”。定位文章第一句Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.（当我们从过去和现在的时代、从最初到今天来思考城市时，我们必须永远记住，城市是人工制品）可知，文章开头先指出城市是人造艺术品，随后两段描述了人类是如何通过选择和约定控制城市的创造和生活，最后总结城市是一个有着契约的地方，定位文章倒数第二句Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.（城市是一个有着重大契约的城市），所以这篇文章的作者的主要目的是定义城市为社会契约中成长起来的地方，B项“将城市定义为在社会契约中成长起来的城市”正确。A项“找出民众对城市不满的根源”，文中没有提到人类对城市的不满，该项属于无中生有。C项“说明城市和乡村之间的差异”也是无中生有，原文并未比较这两个的差异。D项“比较城市与血亲家庭”曲解原文，原文只是用血亲家庭来描述城市的特点。因此，该题选择B项。

22.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“作者在第一段中引用了‘社区是城市有机体的重要细胞’，作为……”。定位到第一段第三句Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(…“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”)…—areartificial.（尽管我们从生物学或自然角度对其进行比喻：社区是城市有机体的重要细胞，但是，城市还是人造的），句子中提到了metaphor，作者从生物学角度引用比喻来描述城市，所以A项“一种比喻性语言的一个例子”正确。B项“科学事实的简单陈述”和C项“中心论点暂时的离题”属于无中生有，这并不是一个科学事实，也没有离题。D项“一个具有讽刺意味的悖论”属于曲解原文，文中并没有提到悖论。因此，该题选择A项。

23.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者在第一段中引用‘当工业逃离时，城市就会消亡；社区是城市有机体的重要细胞’时，陈述的态度是……”。定位到第三句Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.（但是城市是人造的，尽管我们从生物学或自然角度对其进行比喻：当工业逃离时，城市就会消亡；社区是城市有机体的重要细胞；或者尽管我们用感伤的或拟人化的手段来描述城市）可知，尽管从生物学或自然学角度来比喻，或者用拟人化的手段来描述城市，试图让城市和自然联系在一起，但是城市依旧是人造的，这是一种矛盾的想法，所以B项“矛盾的”符合题意。A项“有礼貌的”、C项“持怀疑态度的”和D项“赞成的”都不正确，属于曲解原文。因此，该题选择B项。

24.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，为什么蚁丘的定义不同于城市？”。根据题干定位到第一段倒数第二句Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.（大自然从未创造过城市，而大自然创造的城市可能看起来像一座城市，比如一座蚁丘，但它只是看起来像一座城市）可知，蚁丘虽然看起来是个城市，但其实并不是城市；结合第一段第一句提到的wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts（我们必须永远记住城市是人工制品），可以推断蚁丘和城市的区别在于一个是自然的本能，一个是人工创造，C项“这是本能的工作，而不是想象力”符合题意。A项“它可以被人类随意摧毁”，城市也只有人类才能毁灭，该项曲解原文。B项“它的居民数量甚至超过最大城市的居民”和D项“它的规模比任何城市都小得多”没有提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择C项。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“共同防御，控制水道，躲避自然的力量，这些都是人们……的主要动机”。定位到倒数第二段最后一句Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.（共同防御、控制河流或港口、躲避自然力量，所有这些和其他原因可能导致人们聚集，但一旦聚集，他们的生活方式就不同了，也变得不同了）可知，人们做这些事情的原因是聚集在一起，其中提到了两个词，aggregate和congregated，相当于gathertogether，所以B项“聚集在定居点”正确。A项“远离他们的敌人”和C项“欢迎亲戚的帮助”没有提到，属于无中生有。定位最后一段第一句Acityisnotanextendedfamily.（一个城市不是一个大家庭）可知，城市并不是一个大家庭，所以人们做这些事情并不是为了重新定义家庭关系，D项“重新定义他们的家庭关系”为反向干扰。因此，该题选择B项。

5.单选题

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalableskillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills.”Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsinteachingarenotnowassalableastheywereduringthepast20years,andthepopulationchartsindicatetheymaynotbesoonagain.Homeconstructionskillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecourseveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

ASchoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,anabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthispassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisinfavorof

______.

2.Theword“fluctuate”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolsshould______.

问题1选项

A.teachingpracticalskillsthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

问题2选项

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

问题3选项

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself

B.Aconstructionworker

C.Acarrepairman

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills

问题4选项

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.（在一个人们可以自由学习他们想要的东西、在他们想要的地方工作、在他们想要的地方投资的社会里，我们不可能使劳动力的供求完全一致）可知作者没有特地支持哪一种教育，而是支持他们自由地学习。C选项“自由的教育”，符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“教授一些实用的技能，这些技能可以在当前的就业市场上得到销售”，作者在文中写到，不确定哪些技能值得推销，可排除A选项。B选项“随时代变化的灵活课程”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“保持劳动力市场供求平衡”，文章提到并不能做到劳动力供求一致，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段Homeconstructionskillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates（随着就业市场的波动，住房建造技能的变化是销售能力变化的另一个例子）。选项B“不规则的变化”，文章所说，就业市场的波动，可以理解为不规则的变化，选项B正确。选项A“保持稳定”，不符合文章的内容，可排除。选项C“依照成法”，不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“日就衰败”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough（但如果这些技能很受欢迎，如果学习能让他们更好地了解周围的世界，并能更好地适应不断变化的世界，那么他们就没有受骗。他们很快就会找到工作的）。由此句可推测，那些拥有自学能力的人，可以在高失业率下找到工作。A选项“有自学能力的人”，符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“建筑工人”，文章没有提到此内容，B选项排除。C选项“汽车修理工”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“一个有相当多的销售技巧的人”，一所完全致力于销售技能的学校，尤其是在高失业率的时候，就是把男女送进虎穴，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.（学会了如何学习的人可以在校外学习。那是我们大多数人学会做我们所做的事情的地方，而不是在学校。学会学习是最高的自由技能之一）。由此句可推测，要学会如何学习，关注适应变化的能力。D选项“关注适应变化的能力”，符合文章内容，因此D选项正确。A选项“预测技能在未来就业市场的销售能力”，销售能力只是有限的技能，A选项排除。B选项“把当前的就业市场也考虑进去”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“考虑什么技能是可以销售的”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除C选项。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Sheistoohardonme.

B.Sheaskstoomanyquestions.

C.Sheisalwaysconsiderateofmyfeelings.

D.Sheisthemeanestmotherintheneighborhood.

问题2选项

A.Auniversityinstructor.

B.Ateachingassistant.

C.APh.

D.student.D.Apsychiatrist.

问题3选项

A.Theyusuallysayno.

B.Theyusuallysayyes.

C.Theyusuallywaitandsee.

D.Theyusuallyrefusetosayanything.

问题4选项

A.Theyareoverconfident.

B.Theirbrainsgrowtoofast.

C.Theyarepsychologicallydependent.

D.Theirbrainsarestillimmatureinsomeareas.

问题5选项

A.Beeasyonyourteen.

B.Trytobemean