考研考博-英语-嘉兴南洋职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-嘉兴南洋职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thesenationalparksareveryimportantforpreservingmanyanimals,whowould（）runtheriskofbecomingextinct.

问题1选项

A.instead

B.nevertheless

C.therefore

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项instead“代替；反而；相反”；B选项nevertheless“然而，不过”；C选项therefore“因此；所以”；D选项otherwise“否则；另外”。句意：这些国家公园对保护许多动物非常重要，否则这些动物将面临灭绝的危险。前后部分为转折关系，因此D项正确。

2.单选题

Somepeoplecriticizefamilydoctorsfor（）toomanymedicinesforminorillnesses.

问题1选项

A.prescribing

B.ordering

C.advising

D.delivering

【答案】A

【解析】prescribing规定,开药；ordering订购；advising建议；delivering发表,投递。句意：有些人批评家庭医生为小病开的药过多。

3.单选题

Studiesshowthatmostadoptedchildrenwanttoknowwhotheir（

）parentsare.

问题1选项

A.natural

B.first

C.primitive

D.origin

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。naturalparents“亲生父母”。句意：研究表明，大多数被收养的孩子都想知道自己的亲生父母是谁。A项符合题意。

4.单选题

Rapidenergyconsumptionwillnotonly（）theenvironment,butalsotriggerserioussocialproblems.

问题1选项

A.extract

B.spoil

C.dispose

D.deteriorate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。extract“提取；提炼”;spoil“糟蹋；溺爱；dispose“处理；处置；安排”；deteriorate“恶化”。句意：能源迅速消耗不仅会使环境恶化，还会引发严重的社会问题。只有D项符合句意，故答案D。

5.单选题

Myfatherdecidestomakemegobacktocollegeimmediately,studymylessonscarefully,and（

）.

问题1选项

A.amaster’sdegreemustattained

B.mustattainmymaster'sdegree

C.attainmymaster’sdegree

D.mymaster’sdegreebeattained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:父亲决定让我立刻回到学校，认真学习课程，并获得硕士学位。

语法题。考查并列的动词短语。由表示并列的and可知所填成分应与“studymylessonscarefully”结构一致,故选C。

6.单选题

Withinthatexclusivegroupofliterarycharacterswhohavesurvivedthroughthecenturies-fromHamlettoHuckleberryFinn—fewcanrivaltheculturalimpactofSherlockHolmes.Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks.

AtHolmes’side,ofcourse,washistrustedfriendDr.Watson.Loomingevenlarger,however,wasanotherdoctor,onewhosemedicalpracticewassoslowitallowedhimplentyoftimetopursuehisliteraryambition.Hisname:ArthurConanDoyle.Asthecreatorofthesefictionalicons,ConanDoylehashimselfbecomesomethingofacultfigure,theobjectofcountlesscriticalstudies,biographiesandfanclubs.

ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife.Therewasneverenoughmoney,theymovedfrequentlyinsearchoflowerrents;andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholicwhohadtobeinstitutionalized.Yettheearlylettershewrotetohismotheraresurprisinglyoptimistic,concernedmainlywithfood,clothes,allowancesandschoolwork.At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud’s,wherehewas“delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers.”

Asuperbstudent,ConanDoylewentontomedicalschool,wherehewasattractedbyDr.JosephBell,aprofessorwithanuncannyabilitytodiagnosepatientsevenbeforetheyopenedtheirmouths.ForatimeheworkedasBell’soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman’sprofession,orhowaquicklookataskinrashtoldBellthatthepatienthadoncelivedinBermuda.In1886,ConanDoyleoutlinedhisfirstnovel,AStudyinScarlet,whichhedescribedas“asimpletaleofmysterytomakealittleextramoney.”Itsmaincharacter,initiallycalledSherringfordHopeandlatercalledSherlockHolmes,wasbasedlargelyonBell.ButHolmes’firstappearancewentalmostunnoticed,andthestrugglingdoctordevotednearlyallofhissparetimetowritinglonghistoricalnovelsinthestyleofSirWalterScott—novelsthathewasconvincedwouldmakehisreputation.Itwasn’ttobe.In1888,HolmesreappearedinAScandalinBohemia,ashortstoryinStrandMagazine.Andthistime,itsherotookanimmediatehitandConanDoyle’slifewouldneverbethesame.

1.ThetypicalfeaturesofSherlockHolmeswereallEXCEPT（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutConanDoyleandhisfamily

ConanDoyle’sshortstory？

3.HowdidConanDoylefeelabouthisfirstvisittoLondon?

4.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.“AScandalinBohemia”hasprovedtobe（

）atlast.

问题1选项

A.rational

B.sociable

C.intelligent

D.cunning

问题2选项

A.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.

B.TheyledahardlifeinEdinburgh.

C.Hisfatherwasaddictedtodrinking.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

问题3选项

A.Itwashorrible.

B.Itwaspleasant.

C.Itwasawful.

D.Itwasmemorable.

问题4选项

A.ldbe

B.writersoftenbasetheirwritingonpersonalexperiences

C.ConanDoylehasgonethroughaperiodofhardshiponhiswaytosuccess

D.inspirationwasveryimportantforapersontocreatesomething

问题5选项

A.successful

B.powerful

C.ridiculous

D.frustrating

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。rational意为“神智清楚的”；sociable意为“好交际的”；intelligent意为“聪明的，有才智的”；cunning意为“狡猾的”。根据文章第一段中“Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise”可知此处是对福尔摩斯特征的描写，一位擅长演绎推理和伪装的大师，B选项没有提及，因此正确答案为B。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife....andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholic（酗酒者）whohadtobeinstitutionalized.”可知A、B、C选项都正确，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud’s,wherehewas“delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers.””可知第一次的伦敦之旅给柯南•道尔留下了难忘的记忆，因此D选项“它是值得纪念的”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。从文章最后一段可知柯南•道尔的第一部小说是以Dr.JosephBell为原型写的，但并没有引起人们的关注，于是又写了他一部自己抱有很大希望的历史小说，然而还是没有成功，直到1988年发表的一篇短篇小说，才使他声名鹊起，可见柯南•道尔在成功之前经历过不少挫折，故选C。

5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句中“ConanDoyle’slifewouldneverbethesame.”可知柯南•道尔通过他的短篇小说改变了他的人生，因此可以推测这部小说是成功的，故选A。

7.单选题

Thedoctorponderedforawhile,tryingtorecallwhichofseveralmedicationswouldbebestto（

）thepatient’ssuffering.

问题1选项

A.alleviate

B.restrict

C.decrease

D.diminish

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。alleviate“减轻，使……缓和”；restrict“限制，约束”；decrease“减少”；diminish“减少，减损”。句意：医生仔细考虑了一会，试图回想起哪一种药能够最有效地减轻病人的痛苦。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades.Therapiddestructionofthetropicalrainforests,whicharetheecosystemswiththehighestknownspeciesdiversityonEarth,hasawakenedpeopletotheimportanceandfragilityofbiologicaldiversity.Thehighrateofspeciesextinctionsintheseenvironmentsisjolting,butitisimportanttorecognizethesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityinallecosystems.Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestoexpand,itwillnegativelyaffectoneafteranotherofEarth’secosystems.Interrestrialecosystemsandinfringemarineecosystems(suchaswetlands),themostcommonproblemishabitatdestruction.Inmostsituations,theresultisirreversible.Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste;inlessthantwocenturies,bysignificantlyreducingthevarietyofspeciesonEarth,theyhaveunraveledconsofevolutionandirrevocablyredirecteditscourse.

Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred.Theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbysomephysicalevent,eitherclimaticorcosmic.Therehavealsobeenlessdramaticextinctions,aswhennaturalcompetitionbetweenspeciesreachedanextremeconclusion.Only0.1percentofthespeciesthathavelivedonEarthhavesurvivedtothepresent,anditwaslargelychancethatdeterminedwhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout.

However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment.Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves,thatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation.LifeonEarthhascontinuallybeeninfluxasslowphysicalandchemicalchangeshaveoccurredonEarth,butlifeneedstimetoadapt-timeformigrationandgeneticadaptationwithinexistingspeciesandtimefortheproliferationofnewgeneticmaterialandnewspeciesthatmaybeabletosurviveinnewenvironments.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthormentionsthereductionofthevarietyofspeciesonEarthinline10tosuggestthat（

）.

3.Theauthormentionstheextinctionofthedinosaursinthesecondparagraphtoemphasizethat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,naturalevolutionarychangeisdifferentfromchangescausedbyhumansinthatchangescausedbyhumans（

）.

5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.Thecausesoftheextinctionofthedinosaur

B.Thevarietyofspeciesfoundintropicalrainforests.

C.TheimpactofhumanactivitiesonEarth’secosystems

D.Thetimerequiredforspeciestoadapttonewenvironments.

问题2选项

A.newhabitatscanbecreatedforspecies

B.humansareoftenmadeillbypollutedwater

C.somespecieshavebeenmadeextinctbyhumanactivity

D.anunderstandingofevolutioncanpreventcertainspeciesfromdisappearing.

问题3选项

A.thecauseofthedinosaurs’extinctionisunknown

B.Earth’sclimatehaschangedsignificantlysincethedinosaurs’extinction.

C.notallmassextinctionshavebeencausedbyhumanactivity

D.actionsbyhumanscouldnotstoptheirreversibleprocessofaspecies’extinction

问题4选项

A.areoccurringatamuchfasterrate

B.arelessdevastatingtomostspecies

C.affectfewerecosystems

D.arereversible

问题5选项

A.Humaninfluenceonecosystemsshouldnotbeafactorindeterminingpublicpolicy

B.Theextinctionofafewspeciesisanacceptableconsequenceofhumanprogress.

C.Technologywillprovidesolutionstoproblemscausedbythedestructionofecosystems.

D.Humansshouldbemoreconsciousoftheinfluencetheyhaveonecosystems.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章提到了由于人类的活动导致一些动物灭绝，导致各种污染，严重破坏了地球生态系统。文章最后一段However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment提到人类改变物理和化学世界以及毁坏环境的速度和程度已经超过了一切其他事物。选项C“人类活动对地球生态系统的影响”符合题意。

2.文章第一段Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste提到人类正通过其他活动来破坏海洋生态系统，比如有毒垃圾的排放，可知由于人类的活动导致很多动物灭绝。选项C符合题意。

3.文章第二段第一句Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred提到有些动物的灭绝是地球历史进程中的结果。紧接着这用恐龙灭绝来佐证这个观点。选项C“不是所有动物的灭绝都是人类行为导致的”符合题意。

4.文章最后一段提到人类改变物理和化学世界以及破坏地球的速度比任何事物都快，并且事实上即将会导致生物毁坏的是人类正在造成的变化速度已经超过了变化本身。选项A符合题意。

5.文章第一段提到生物多样性已经成为一个公认的严重环保问题（Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades），文章最后也提到事实上有一种广泛的共识就是即将会导致生物毁坏的是人类正在造成的变化速度已经超过了变化本身（Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves），根据以上这些可推断人类应该更加意识到自己行为对生态系统的影响作用。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Agoodteachermustknowhowto（）hisideastothestudents,asgenerallyagreedbyeducationalexperts.

问题1选项

A.display

B.transmit

C.convey

D.illuminate

【答案】C

【解析】动词词性及搭配。句意：一个好老师必须知道如何把他的想法传达给学生。传达思想，想法等用convey，选项C正确。

10.单选题

Recentlythenewspapershavereportedseveral（）ontheboundariesofIsraelandJordan.

问题1选项

A.accidents

B.incidents

C.events

D.happenings

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。accidents“意外事故,交通事故”；incidents“事件，事变”；events“大事件，项目”；happenings“意外发生的事”。句意：最近，报纸报道了几起发生在以色列和约旦边境上的事件。首先可排除选项A和D；选项B含有“事变”的意思，更符合语境，所以正确。

11.单选题

TheObamaadministration______thehealthcarereforminMarch,2010.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.anticipated

C.expected

D.predicated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项initiate“开始，创始”，B项anticipate“预料，预期”，C项expect“期望，指望”，D项predicate“断言，暗示”。根据关键词thehealthcarereform“医疗改革”可知，空格处填A项符合句意。句意：奥巴马政府于2010年3月启动了医疗改革。因此，该题选择A项正确。

12.单选题

WrestlerJake“TheSnake”RobertstoldTMZ.comthathewill（）emergencysurgerytoremoveacanceroustumour.

问题1选项

A.uphold

B.undergo

C.transfer

D.trigger

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项uphold表示“支撑，鼓励，赞成”；B选项undergo表示“经历，经受，忍受”；C选项transfer表示“转让，转移”；D选项trigger表示“触发，引起”。由句意可知，这位摔跤手告诉TMZ.com网站说，他将进行紧急手术，切除癌症肿瘤。因此，只有undergo的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B选项。

13.单选题

Customersmayalsobepermittedto（

）theircurrentaccountsforashortperiodinanticipationofacredititemcomingin.

问题1选项

A.overextend

B.overdraw

C.overvalue

D.overpay

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overextend“过分张开，过分扩展”；B选项overdraw“透支”；C选项overvalue“对……估价过高，高估”；D选项overpay“付款过多，多付报酬”。根据currentaccounts（往来账户）可知B选项符合语境。句意：客户如预知有一笔存入款项即将办理，也可短时期透支其往来账户。

14.单选题

Thoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore（

）thanthewoodenbox.

问题1选项

A.terminal

B.durable

C.persistent

D.bearable

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项terminal“晚期的，末端的”；B选项durable“耐用的，持久的”；C选项persistent“执着的，持续的”；D选项bearable“可忍受的”。

句意：拉尔夫知道尽管金属盒子不那么吸引人，但会比木箱更耐用。选项B符合句意。

15.单选题

Hewas（

）totakeoverthedutiesandresponsibilitiesofhisfatherfromanearlyage.

问题1选项

A.deduced

B.damped

C.diminished

D.destined

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:他注定从小就要从他父亲那接过所有的担子和责任。

Bedestinedtodosth.注定要做某事。

16.单选题

Hefoundthe______mediaattentionintolerableanddecidedtogoabroad.

问题1选项

A.sufficient

B.constant

C.steady

D.plenty

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.sufficient足够的；充足的B.constant连续发生的；不断的

C.steady（发展、增长等）稳步的，持续的D.plenty大量；很多adv.

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据intolerable（无法忍受的）可推知，mediaattention（媒体关注）是连续不断的，空格处表示“不断的”，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】

A、C项不符合句意；

D项是副词，不符合句子语法结构。

【句意】他无法忍受媒体不断的关注，决定出国。

17.单选题

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“可取的”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项applicable“适用的”。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的开销应该占总共______开销的五分之一。根据语境，这里指的是在所拥有的开销中，住房占五分之一，available“可获得的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Hisfacegavehim______whenhetoldalie.

问题1选项

A.off

B.up

C.away

D.out

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项off“离开，脱掉”，giveoff表示“发出（光等），长出（枝、杈等）”；B项up“向上，上涨”，giveup表示“放弃”；C项away“离去，离开”，giveaway表示“赠送，丧失，泄露”；D项out“向外，室外”，giveout表示“分发，发出”。根据关键词hisface“他的面部”和whenhetoldalie“当他说谎时”可知，空格部分表示“泄露”，C项符合语境。句意：他说谎时，脸上的表情出卖了他。因此，该题选择C项正确。

19.单选题

Anenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget（

）.

问题1选项

A.disposition

B.defect

C.discrepancy

D.deficit

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disposition“处置，性情”；B选项defect“缺点，劣势”；C选项discrepancy“不符，矛盾”；D选项deficit“赤字”。根据动词“cut削减，砍掉”和“budget预算”，可知空格部分单词意思为“赤字，不足额”，句意为：能源税能抑制普通的空气污染，限制石油进口和削减预算赤字。故正确答案选D。

20.单选题

Thosestudentswhohavemadeadequatepreparationsforthetestwillbebetteroff.

问题1选项

A.morewealthyt

B.lesssuccessfult

C.dismissedearliert

D.favorablypositioned

【答案】D

【解析】考查词语辨析。主语是students（学生），根据句子语境推测betteroff表示“表现好，排名靠前”；A项wealthy“富有的”，它的比较级形式是wealthier；B项lesssuccessful“不太成功”，C项dismissedearlier“更早淘汰”，D项favorablypositioned“很好的排名，排名靠前”。句意：那些为考试做了充分准备的学生排名靠前。根据句意可知D项正确。

21.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

明末清初之际，中国与欧美国家之间开始了具有近代意义的文化交流，这就是西方近代科学知识的东渐和以儒学为中心的中国传统文化的西传。对中国来说，这是继印度佛教文化传入中国之后，中国文化又一次大规模地对外来文化的吸收时期。在明末清初的100多年间，伴随着西方传教士的到来，中西文化的相互传播与交流进入了一个新的历史时期。

西藏的发展进步符合人类社会的发展规律。由传统的农牧业经济到现代市场经济，由政教合一至政教分离，由专制到民主，由迷信到科学，由封闭到开放，是人类社会普遍的发展规律。西藏60多年的发展正是遵循了这个规律和总趋势。

当今世界正在发生广泛而深刻的变化。由于经济全球化与信息化的发展，科学技术迅猛进步，世界变成了“地球村”。各国相互联系，相互依存，利益交融达到了前所未有的程度，需要携手应对的问题越来越多，互利合作的愿望越来越强，从某种意义上讲，世界已是一种“利益共同体”。

【答案】1.ChinabegantohaverealculturalexchangeswithEuropeanandAmericancountriesinthelateMingDynastyandtheearlyQingDynasty,whichiswhatisoftencalledXiXueDongJianinChinese—theintroductionofmodernWesternscience,technologyandculturetoChina—andDongXueXiJianinChinese—theintroductionoftraditionalChineseculturecenteredonConfucianismtotheWest.ThisturnedouttobethesecondperiodforChinatoabsorbandassimilateforeignculturesonalargescalefollowingtheintroductionofIndia’sBuddhistculturetoChina.Inaspanof100yearsbetweenthelateMingDynastyandtheearlyQingDynasty,withthearrivalofWesternmissionaries,thespreadanddiffusionofChineseandWesternculturesbothentereduponanewphaseofhistory.

2.ThedevelopmentandprogressofTibetisinaccordwiththerulesforthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Fromtraditionalagricultureandanimalhusbandrytoamodernmarketeconomy,fromtheintegrationofpoliticalandreligiouspowerstotheirseparation,fromautocracytodemocracy,superstitiontoscience,andisolationtoopenness—thesearethegenericlawsforthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Overthepast60yearsofitsdevelopment,Tibethasunfailinglyfollowedtheserulesandthegeneraltrend.

3.Theworldtodayisundergoingextensiveandprofoundchanges.Ithasbecome“aglobalvillage”duetotheeconomicglobalization,developmentofinformation,andtherapidadvanceofscienceandtechnology.Countriesaremorecloselylinkedandinterdependentwiththeirinterestsmorecloselyintertwinedthaneverbefore.Therearemoreandmoreissuesthatneedjointresponse,andthereisagrowingdesireformutuallybeneficialcooperation.Tosomeextent,theworldhasbecomeacommunityofinterest.

22.单选题

Theinterestsoftheconsumershouldbeparamount.

问题1选项

A.supreme

B.unbending

C.superfluous

D.tangible

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.supreme最高的，至高的B.unbending坚定的，不易弯曲的，冷漠的

C.superfluous多余的，不必要的D.tangible有形的，切实的，可触摸的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由关键信息Theinterestsoftheconsumer（消费者的利益）可推测，paramount的意思是“第一位的，首位的”，A选项词义与划线单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为A选项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】消费者的利益应放在首位。

23.单选题

Anelectricareisaluminouscurrentofelectricitythatleapsfromoneelectrodetoanother.

问题1选项

A.ludicrous

B.magnetic

C.flickering

D.glowing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。Luminous“发光的；发亮的”。A项“不合理的；不能当真的”，B项“磁性的；富有吸引力的”，C项“闪烁的”，D项“热烈赞扬的；热情洋溢的”，因此选C。句意：电流是从一个电极跳到另一个电极的发光电流。

24.不定项选择题

Afewyearsagoayoungmotherwatchedherhusbanddiaper（给……换尿布）theirfirstbornson,“Youdonothavetobeunhappyaboutit,”sheprotested.“Youcantalktohimandsmilealittle.”Thefather,whohappenedtobeapsychologist,answeredfirmly,“Hehasnothingtosaytome,andIhavenothingtosaytohim.”

Psychologistnowknowhowwrongthatfatherwas.Fromthemomentofbirth,ababyhasagreatdealtosaytohisparents,andtheytohim.Butadecadeorsoago,theseexpertsweredescribingthenewbornasaprimitivecreaturewhoreactedonlybyreflex,ahelplessvictimofitsenvironmentwithoutcapacitytoinfluenceit.Andmothersacceptedthetruth.Mostthought(andsomestilldo)thatanewinfantcouldseeonlyblurry（模糊的）shadows,thathisothersenseswereundeveloped,andthatallherequiredwasnourishment,cleandiapers,andawarmbassinet.

Todayuniversitylaboratoriesacrossthecountryarestudyingnewbornsintheirfirstmonthoflife.Asaresult,psychologistsnowdescribethenewbabyasperceptive,withremarkablelearningabilitiesandanevenmoreremarkablecapacitytoshapehisorherenvironmentincludingtheattitudesandactionsofhisparents.Someresearchersbelievethattheneonatalperiodmayevenbethemostsignificantfourweeksinanentirelifetime.

Farfrombeinghelpless,thenewbornknowswhathelikesandrejectswhathedoesn’t.Heshutoutunpleasantsensationsbyclosinghiseyesoravertinghisface.Heisagluttonfornovelty.Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything.

Whenamorenineminutesout,aninfantprefersahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline.Hemakesthechoicedespitethefactthat,withdeliveryroomattendantsmaskedandgowned,hehasneverseenahumanfacebefore.Bythetimehe’stwelvehoursold,hisentirebodymovesinprecisesynchronic（同时发生）tothesoundofahumanvoice,asifheweredancing.Anon-humansound,suchasatappingnoise,bringsnosuchresponse.

1.Theauthorpointsoutthatthefatherdiaperinghisfirst-bornsonwaswrongbecause（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

3.Whatdoesthesentence“Heisagluttonfornovelty”probablymean?

4.Accordingtothepassage,it’sgroundlesstothinkthatnewbornsprefer（）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlydiscussingabout?

问题1选项

A.hebelievedthebabywasnotabletohearhim

B.hethoughtthebabydidn’thavethepowerofspeech

C.hewasapsychologistunworthyofhisprofession

D.hethoughtthebabywasnotcapableofanyresponse

问题2选项

A.Anewinfantcanseeonlyblurryshadows.

B.Anewinfant’ssensesareundeveloped.

C.Allanewinfantrequiresisnourishment,cleandiapers,andawarmbassinet.

D.Anewinfantisactuallyabletoinfluencehisorherenvironment.

问题3选项

A.Thenewbornisgreedyfornewfood.

B.Thenewborntendstoovereat.

C.Thenewbornalwayslovesthingsthatarenewtohim.

D.Thenewborn’sappetiteisaconstanttopicinnovels.

问题4选项

A.ahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline

B.animatethingstoinanimateones

C.humanvoicetonon-humansounds

D.nourishmenttoawarmbassinet

问题5选项

A.Whatpeopleknowaboutnewborns.

B.Howwrongparentsarewhentheyhandletheirbabies.

C.Howmuchnewbornshaveprogressedinaboutadecade’stime.

D.Whythefirstmonthoflifeisthemostsignificantfourweeksinalifetime.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。联系上下文可知这位父亲是个心理学家，而大约十年前，心理学家认为新生儿只是aprimitivecreaturewhoreactedonlybyreflex,ahelplessvictimofitsenvironmentwithoutcapacitytoinfluenceit（一种仅凭反射做出反应的原始生物，是无力影响其生存环境的无助受害者），而如今他们已经认识到了这种观点是错误的，结合这位父亲的话“他没什么对我说的”可知他当时也是坚持这种错误观点，因此D选项“他认为婴儿没有能力做出任何回应”符合题意。

第2题:事实细节题。由第三段第二句中的psychologistsnowdescribethenewbabyasperceptive,withremarkablelearningabilitiesandanevenmoreremarkablecapacitytoshapehisorherenvironmentincludingtheattitudesandactionsofhisparents（心理学家现在把新生婴儿的形象描述为有洞察力，有非凡的学习能力，甚至有卓越的塑造其生活环境的能力，包括他父母的态度和行为）可知D选项“一个新生婴儿实际上能够影响其生活环境”符合题意。

第3题:语义推测题。由下文Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything（他喜欢有生命的东西胜过无生命的东西，喜欢人胜过一切）可推测Heisagluttonfornovelty表达的并非仅仅与“吃”有关，而是新生儿对新鲜事物的浓厚兴趣，因此C选项“新生儿总是喜欢新鲜的事物”符合题意。

第4题:事实细节题。需注意题干中的groundless（无理由的），因此要找出不符合文意的选项。由第四段最后一句Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything（他喜欢有生命的东西胜过无生命的东西，喜欢人胜过一切）可排除B选项；由第五段第一句中的aninfantprefersahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline（婴儿更喜欢人的脸，而不是头型的轮廓）可排除A选项；由第五段第三句中的hisentirebodymovesinprecisesynchronictothesoundofahumanvoice,asifheweredancing（他的整个身体精确地随着人类的声音同步移动，就好像他在跳舞）和第四句Anon-humansound,suchasatappingnoise,bringsnosuchresponse（而非人类的声音，比如敲打声，则不会产生这种反应）可推断出婴儿更喜欢人类的声音，因此C选项可以排除，所以D选项为正确答案。

第5题:主旨大意题。本文介绍了过去心理学家对婴儿的错误认识，以及现在的正确认识，因此A选项“人们对新生儿的了解”符合题意。

25.翻译题

品德的高尚与美好所达到的程度可能与对美的感受程度成正比。欣赏美的能力不仅增加了我们快乐的来源，也加强了我们德性的修养。

社区教育课程建设是社区教育发展的必然产物，科学适宜的系列教育课程是有效实施社区教育的基础。其课程建设应以满足社区发展需求的多样化为根本。

礼仪之于社会犹如衣着之于个人。人若不穿衣服，就会一丝不挂，令人耻笑，必然导致道德败坏。假定社会是一列火车，礼仪就好比轨道，火车只能沿着它隆隆前进。假定社会是一辆贵宾车，礼仪就好比轮子与轴，马车只有靠它们才能滚滚前进。

【答案】Thedegreetowhichnobilityandbeautyofcharacterareattainedmaybeindirectproportiontothedegreetowhichbeautyisfelt.Thepowertoappreciatebeautynotonlyincreasesoursourcesofhappiness,butalsoenhancesourmoralcultivation.

Constructionofcommunityeducationcurriculumistheinevitableproductofcommunityeducationdevelopment.Thescientificandproperserieseducationcurriculummaybethebasisofeffectiveimplementingcommunityeducation.Itscurriculumconstructionshouldbebasedonthediversificationneedsofcommunitydevelopmentneeds.

Etiquetteistosocietywhatapparelistotheindividual.Withoutapparelpeoplewouldbenakedandlaughedbyothers,whichwouldcertainlyresultinmoralcorruption.Ifsocietywereatrain,theetiquettewouldbetherailsalongwhichthetraincouldrumbleon.Ifsocietywereastatecar,theetiquettewouldbeitswheelsandaxisonlyonwhichthecarriagecouldrollforward.

26.单选题

PerhapsnosinglemonumentintheUSAisasfamousaretheStateofLiberty.StandingonasmallislandinNewYorkHarbor,thecrownedlady,holdingaloftinherrighthandthetorchoffreedomandinherlefthandatabletwhichisinscribed“July4th,1776”，isasymbolofAmericandemocracy.Sheiscolossal.Sheis151ft.highandthepedestalonwhichshestandsisalmostasmuch.Anelevatortakesvisitorstothetopofthepedestal,aroundwhichabalconyruns.

ASpiralstaircasegoesuptothecrown,andanothertothetorch.TheStateofLibertywasagifttotheUSAfromFrancein1886,asamarkoffriendshipandalsoinmemoryoftheaidFrancegavetheAmericansduringtheAmericanRevolution.

Formillionsofimmigrants,theStatuewastheirfirstsightofthepromisedland,andforafewitwasalsothelast,astheysailedbackhomeagain.AboutamilefromLibertyIsland,thereisanothersmallisland,calledEllisIsland,whichwaslookeduponwithdreadbytheimmigrants.Foritwasherethattheyhadtowaittheirturntobeexaminedbydoctorsandofficials.MostoftheimmigrantscouldnotspeakawordofEnglish.Butonlytwooutof100immigrantswererefusedadmissiontoNewYorkCity.Oftenthepersonrefusedturnedouttobeagrand-motheroraweary,frightenedgirlmistakenlylabeled“feeble-minded.”Sometimeshusbandsandwiveswerepartedbecauseoneofthemhappenedtohaveabadcoughandwassuspectedofhavingtuberculosis.

NewYorkCitywasabitterdisillusionmenttosomeimmigrants.Forfrombeingacitypavedwithgold,itwasacityteemingwithovercrowded,unhealthyandunsafeghettos.Theimmigrantslookedforearlierimmigrantsoftheirownnationalityorreligion.SoItalian,Polish,Irish,Jewishneighborhoodsgrewup.BecausetheycouldnotspeakEnglish,thenewcomersfounditdifficulttogetworkatonce,andtheirlivingquarterswereoftenslums.

However,theyfoundintheUSAopportunitiesofbetteringthemselves.TodayimmigrantsnolongerhavetoenduretheindignitiesofEllsIsland.Thegrimbuildingswerecloseddownin1924.In1976,EllisIslandbecameanhistoricmonument.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Theword“colossal”inparagraph1means（

）.

3.ImmigrantslookeduponEllisIslandwithdreadbecause（

）.

4.Paragraph3impliesthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementisn