考研考博-英语-东南大学考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东南大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,yowarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopicArtandLife.Youshouldwritatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(inChinese)below:

1.艺术表现生活的形式

2.艺术作用于生活的方式

3.艺术创新如何促进了社会进步

【答案】略

2.单选题

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste________thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

问题1选项

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项intermsof“在……方面，就……而言”；B选项infavorof“赞成”；C选项inspiteof“不管，尽管”；D选项inplaceof“取代，代替”。句意：这个目标是用庄稼，野草甚至是动物排泄物来（）为绝大多数美国人生产活动提供动力的石油。人们使用庄稼等有机物很明显是为了取代石油这种化学物来充当燃料的，所以答案选D。

3.单选题

Whatworriedthechildmostwas（）tovisithismotherinthehospital.

问题1选项

A.hisnotallowing

B.hisnotbeingallowed

C.hisbeingnotallowed

D.havingnotbeenallowed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:最担心的是:不允许小孩去看望医院的妈妈。

语法题。考查动名词的否定。was是系动词，故后面需要用名词性的词充当表语。动名词的否定形式为:not+动名词。因此排除C和D。由于allow与逻辑主语child形成被动关系，即使用被动语态。因此选B项。

4.单选题

Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.

Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes“priorto”disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.

Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

3.Thereadercanconcludethat（）.

4.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof（）.

5.Thewords“priorto”(para.2)probablymean（）.

问题1选项

A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply

B.toexplainindustrialusesofwater

C.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems

D.todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem

问题2选项

A.Industrialdevelopmentincludesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.

B.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwater.

C.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation.

D.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals.

问题3选项

A.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblems

B.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace

C.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersupplies

D.someindustriesarenowmakingeconomicuseofwastes

问题4选项

A.interviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrols

B.opinionsandpersonalobservations

C.definitionswhichclarifyimportantterms

D.strongargumentsandpersuasions

问题5选项

A.after

B.during

C.before

D.beyond

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第一段首先指出未来的水问题将变得更加严重和复杂，尤其是污水问题。接下来在二三段主要讲解决污水问题的方法。所以本文主要的目的是为了让人们了解污水问题，选项C正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段第二、三句“Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.我们不断增长的人口将极大地增加城市垃圾，主要是污水。另一方面，对水的需求增加将大大减少可用来稀释废物的水量。”可知选项B和选项C均有涉及；根据第一段倒数第二句“Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.这将涉及越来越多的农用化学品。”可知选项D有涉及。根据第一段第四句“Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesses…快速发展的工业涉及越来越复杂的化学过程”，并没有说工业发展包括简化复杂的化学过程，所以选项A与原文表述不符。

3.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后两句“Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.许多行业，如肉类和家禽加工厂，目前正在将以前的废物转化为可销售的副产品。其他行业是废物的潜在经济用途。”也就是说，一些行业现在正在经济地利用废物，选项D符合原文。

4.判断推理题。从全文来看，作者只是在表达个人的观点以及陈述个人观察的结果：介绍水污染及其解决办法，所以选项B正确。

5.词义推断题。根据句意可知，“theprocessingofsolidwastes”应该是在“disposal”之前，所以“priorto”意为“之前”，选项C正确。

5.单选题

Itiswellknownlanguagebelongstoeveryone,tothedustman______totheprofessor.

问题1选项

A.asmuchas

B.asfaras

C.thesameas

D.aslongas

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项asmuchas“差不多，尽……那样多”；B选项asfaras“就……而言，至于”；C选项thesameas“与……一样”；D选项aslongas“只要；和……一样长”。句意：众所周知，语言是属于每个人的，______清洁工和教授。根据语境，这里是指语言对于清洁工和教授一样，C选项thesameas“与……一样”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Today’sconsumerwantsuniqueandbeautifulhandcraftedobjectstowearandtohaveforhomeenvironment.Eachconsumerisanindividual.Heprefersobjectswhichareuniqueandhedemandsquality.Craftsmentodayaremeetingthisdemand.Peopleandhomesareshowinggreatchangeasaresultoftheuniquehandcrafteditemsavailable.

Craftsarebigbusiness.Nolongerdoesagoodcraftsmanhavetoworkinajobhedislikesalldayandthentrytocreateatnightandonweekends.Hehasearnedhisprofessionalstatus.Heisnowarespected,contributingmemberoftoday’ssociety.

Partofthefunofbeingacraftsmanismeetingothercraftsmen.Theyareinteresting.Excitingpeople,youngorold.Theylovetosharetheirideasandmaterialsandtohelpothersfindmarketsfortheirwork.Theyenjoyteachingotherstheirspecialskills.

Craftsmenhavehelpededucateconsumerstomakewisechoices.Theyhelpthembecomeawareofdesignandtechnique.Theyhelpthemrelatetheirchoicetoitsintendeduse.Theyofteninvolvetheconsumerintryingthecrafthimself.

Somecraftsaredoneinleisuretimeforpleasureorforextraincome.Moreandmorearedoneseriouslyfortotalincome.Learningthemarketingofcraftsisimportanttoallwhowishtoearnalivingbytheirtalentandskill.

Craftsmenoftenexchangeideasandresources.Asthisgroupexpandstoincludemorememberswithlikeinterestsandstandards,asmallcraftorganizationisformed.Laterthesegroupsmaybecomeachapterofastateguildiftheyhavemaintainedstandardsrequiredbytheguild.

Manyopportunitiesarethenavailable:trainingworkshopsinspecialmedia,craftmarketingtechniques,craftfairsandsalesfestivals,TVappearances,anddemonstrations.

Stateartscouncilshelpinpartiallysponsoringlocalartsandcraftsfestivals.Oftentheywillhelpaneworganizationwithsomebeginningworkshops.Somestateartscouncilshelpwithmarketingtraining.Bothguildsandsmallcraftgroupsworkingtogetherbringspecialstatustotheirstate.Theydrewcrowdsoftouristconsumerstoattendtheirfestivalsandfairs.Thisbooststheeconomyoftheareaconsiderablybecausethetouristsnotonlybuycrafts,buttheyalsousetherestaurantsandmotelsandotherservicesofthearea.

Historicalvillages,countrystores,privatelyownedshops,andgalleriesareafewoutletsthathavedevelopedtosellthequalityproductsoflocalcraftsmen.

1.Inthesecondparagraphtheauthorimpliesthat（）.

2.Craftsmenhavehelpedconsumersto（）.

3.Ifacraftsmanwantstoliveonhisskills,hehasto（）.

4.Specifically,“guild”inthistextrefersto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingideadoesthetextintendtoexpress?

问题1选项

A.agoodcraftsmannowadayscandevotemostofhisdaytocreatingt

B.craftsmenhavealwaysbeenregardedwithrespectt

C.craftsusedtobedoneinleisuretimet

D.craftsmendonothavetoworkashardastheyusedtot

问题2选项

A.appreciatethebeautyofhandcraftedobjectst

B.appraisethequalityofhandcraftedobjectst

C.gainsomebasicknowledgeaboutcraftst

D.selectproperhandcraftedobjectst

问题3选项

A.joinacraftorganizationt

B.begoodatsellingt

C.consultthestateartscouncilt

D.exchangeideasandresourceswithothercraftsment

问题4选项

A.anorganizationofworkerswhichrepresentstheirinterestst

B.asocietywhichhasbeenformedforpoliticalreasonst

C.afoundationwhichprovidesmoneyforaspecialpurposet

D.anassociationofskilledworkerswhohavesimilarinterestst

问题5选项

A.“Craftsmen:Past&Present”t

B.“Crafts:ForWhomAreTheyMade.”t

C.“Crafts:BoomingBusiness.”t

D.“Craftsmen:PeopleintheKnow.”

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干意思是“在第二段作者暗示……”。第二段提到Nolongerdoesagoodcraftsmanhavetoworkinajobhedislikesalldayandthentrytocreateatnightandonweekends.（一个好的工匠不再需要整天从事他不喜欢的工作，然后在晚上和周末尝试创造），由此可推断，一个好的工匠不再需要整天从事他不喜欢的工作，可以把时间放在创作上，故A项“一个好的工匠可以把一天中的大部分时间用来创作”符合题意。B项“工匠一直受到尊重”，第二段最后一句说到Heisnowarespected,contributingmemberoftoday’ssociety.（他现在是当今社会受人尊敬、有贡献的一员），文中用到了now，可知工匠过去可能没有受人尊敬，B项错误；C项“过去人们在闲暇时间做工艺品”和D项“工匠不需要像他们过去那样努力工作”在第二段没有提及。故该题选择A项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“工匠已经帮助顾客……”。第四段提到Craftsmenhavehelpededucateconsumerstomakewisechoices.（工匠帮助教消费者做出明智的选择），可知D项“选择合适的手工制品”正确；A项“欣赏手工制品的美”和B项“评价手工制品的质量”没有提及；C项“获得一些关于手工艺的基本知识”，第四段第二句提到Theyhelpthembecomeawareofdesignandtechnique.（他们帮助他们了解设计和技术），由此可知，工匠帮助消费者了解技术和设计，但并没有提到技术和设计就是关于手工艺的基本知识。故该题选择D项正确。

第3题:推理判断题。题干意思是“如果一个工匠想靠他的技术生活，他必须……”。第八段第一句提到Stateartscouncilshelpinpartiallysponsoringlocalartsandcraftsfestivals.（学习工艺品的市场营销对所有希望依靠自己的才能和技能谋生的人来说是很重要的），由此推断，如果一个工匠希望依靠自己的技能谋生，那么他需要学习市场营销，故B项“擅长销售”正确。A项“加入一个手工艺组织”、C项“咨询国家艺术委员会”和D项“与其他工匠交流思想和资源”是工匠提高自己技能所要做的事情，与题干不符。故该题选择B项正确。

第4题:语义推测题。题干意思是“具体来说，本文中的‘guild’指的是……”。根据“guild”定位到文章第六段，Craftsmenoftenexchangeideasandresources.Asthisgroupexpandstoincludemorememberswithlikeinterestsandstandards,asmallcraftorganizationisformed.Laterthesegroupsmaybecomeachapterofastateguildiftheyhavemaintainedstandardsrequiredbytheguild.（工匠们经常交流思想和资源；随着这个群体的扩大，包括更多有相同兴趣和标准的成员，一个小型工艺组织就形成了；如果他们保持了行会要求的标准，之后这些团体可能会成为州行会的一个分会），由此可知，guild本意是“协会，行会”，在这里指的是“有相似兴趣和标准的手艺人组成的组织”，因此D项“一个有相似兴趣的手艺人协会”符合题意。A项“代表手艺人兴趣的组织”表述不够全面；B项“一个因政治原因而形成的社会”和C项“为特殊目的提供资金的基金会”表述与原文不符合。故该题选择D项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章想表达下列哪一种观点？”。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了手工艺人和手工艺行业在过去和现在的发展情况，故A项“工匠：过去与现在”符合题意。B项“手工艺品：为谁制作”、C项“工艺：蓬勃发展的生意”和D项“工匠：知情者”都比较片面。故该题选择A项正确。

7.单选题

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledtheSecondIndustrialRevolution.

Labor’sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyaboutitseffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Unquestionably,however,therewillbemajorshiftsinjobswithinplantsanddisplacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthistransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitsplans.ItisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinSUBplanhasadirectfinancialstakeinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongincentiveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibledisruptioninjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlylaidoffworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaoftheimprovementfactor,whichcallsforwageincreasebasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itisprobable,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Welearnfromparagraph1thatautomationwillprobablyleadto（

）.

2.Laborhastheopinionthat（

）.

3.Whatistherelationbetweenautomationandemploymentintheopinionoflabor?

4.Theunionstressesthat（

）.

5.Howmanynewpoliciesoftheunionshavebeenlistedinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.industrialexpansion

B.anincreaseinemployment

C.displacementoflaborfromoneindustrytoanother

D.anincreaseinunemployment

问题2选项

A.alleffortsmustbemadetopreventautomation

B.automationwillcauseariseinconsumercosts

C.itsmaininterestliesinincreasingallwages

D.technologicalchangecannotbestopped

问题3选项

A.Automationwilldefinitelyleadstomoreunemployment.

B.Fromalong-termpointofviewautomationwillbringaboutmorejobs.

C.Automationwillnotcausemuchchangeinemployment.

D.Sooneroflaterautomationwilldoalltheworkinsteadofman.

问题4选项

A.workersshouldalsoenjoythefruitsbroughtaboutbyautomation

B.noworkersshouldbefiredinthedevelopmentofautomation

C.itisnecessarytoslowdownthedevelopmentofautomation

D.workersshouldbepaidaccordingtotheirlengthofservice

问题5选项

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.4

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容“自动化减少了生产过程中的人为因素，包括精神和身体上的因素，旨在使这样一种情况成为可能——用更少的工人生产更多的产品。”由此可推断，工人减少会导致失业率上升，所以这就是自动化所导致的结果。选项D正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnologicalchangeisfutile.”总的来说，劳动者们认为抵制技术变革是徒劳的。选项D符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段第三句“Inthelongrun,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.”从长远来看，自动化的结果很可能会导致就业的增加，因为在制造、维护和维修自动化设备领域将会出现大量的行业。选项B符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.”工会发言人强调，自动化带来产量增加和成本降低的好处，应该通过提高工资、增加休闲时间和提高生活水平的形式，让工人们共享。也就是说，工人也应该享受自动化带来的好处。选项A符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。根据关键词“newpolicies”定位到最后一段“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseis...Anotherapproachis...”为了在自动化时代保护工会成员的利益，工会采取了一系列新政策。其中之一是……另一种方法是……。由此可知是个政策，所以选项B正确。

8.单选题

Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.AstheLancetputitrecently:“Whenwetrytodescribefacespreciselywordsfailus,andweresorttoidentikit(拼脸型图)procedures.”

Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendousfeat,though,curiouslyenough,relativelylittleattentionhasbeendevotedtothefundamentalproblemsofhowandwhyweacquirethisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.Isitaninbornpropertyofourbrains,oranacquiredone?Assooftenhappens,theexpertstendtodiffer.

Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.Insupportofthisthesetheynotehowmuchbetterweareatrecognizingafaceafterasingleencounterthanweare,forexample,inrecognizinganindividualhorse.Ontheotherhand,therearethose,andtheyareprobablyinthemajority,whoclaimthatthegiftisanacquiredone.

Theargumentsinfavorofthislatterview,itmustbeconfessed,areimpressive.Itisahabitthatisacquiredsoonafterbirth.Watch,forinstance,howaquiteyoungbabyrecognizeshismemberbysight.Grantedthathisothersenseshelp-thesoundothervoice,hissenseofsmell,thedistinctivewayshehandleshim.

Butofallthese,sightispredominant.Formedattheverybeginningoflife,theabilitytorecognizefacesquicklybecomesanestablishedhabit,andonethatis,essentialfordailyliving,ifnotnecessarilyforsurvival.Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.

Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.Withtypicalhumaningenuitymanyoftheseunfortunatepeopleovercometheirhandicapbyrecognizingothercharacteristicfeatures.

1.Itisstatedinthepassagethat（）.

2.Whattheauthorfeelsstrangeaboutisthat（）.

3.Whatisthefirstsuggestedexplanationoftheoriginoftheability?

4.Accordingtothepassage,howimportantistheabilitytorecognizefaces?

5.Thispassageseemstoemphasizethat（）.

问题1选项

A.itisunusualforapersontobeabletoidentifyafacesatisfactorily

B.theabilitytorecognizefacesunhesitatinglyisanunusualgift

C.quitafewpeoplecanvisualizefacestheyhaveseen

D.fewpeoplecangiveexactdetailsoftheappearanceofaface

问题2选项

A.peoplehavethetremendousabilitytorecognizemorethan1,000faces

B.peopledon’tthinkmuchoftheproblemofhowandwhyweacquiretheabilitytorecognizeandrememberfaces

C.peopledon’trealizehowessentialandvaluableitisforthemtohavetheabilitytorecognizefaces

D.peoplehavebeenarguingmuchoverthewaypeoplerecognizeandremember

问题3选项

A.Itisoneofthecharacteristicspeculiartohumanbeings.

B.Itisacquiredsoonafterbirth.

C.Itissomethingwecandofromtheverymomentweareborn.

D.Itislearnedfromourenvironmentandexperiences.

问题4选项

A.Itisusefulindailylifebutisnotnecessarilyessential.

B.Itsabsencewouldmakenormaleverydaylifeimpossible.

C.Undercertaincircumstanceswecouldnotexistwithoutit.

D.Normalsociallifewouldbedifficultwithoutit.

问题5选项

A.theabilitytorecognizeindividualsisdependentonothersensesaswellassight

B.sightisindispensabletorecognizingindividuals

C.theabilitytorecognizefacesisaspecialinbornabilityofthebrain

D.theimportanceoftheabilityofrecognizingfacesisfullyappreciatedbypeople

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据选项和题干关键词定位到第一段第一句Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.（能准确地描述一个人的面容这种天赋是很罕见的，每一个有经验的警官都知道这一点。）因此D选项“很少有人能给出一张脸的外貌的确切细节”正确。A选项“一个人能令人满意地辨认人脸是不寻常的”不够准确；B选项“毫不犹豫地识别面孔的能力是一种不寻常的天赋”是推断出来的，而不是文章直接的陈述；C选项“有些人能想象他们所见过的面孔”不是原文所提到的。

2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段的第二句This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendous...thisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.（然而，奇怪的是，对于我们是如何以及为什么会有这种识别和记忆面孔的天赋这一基本问题，却鲜有人关注。）因此B选项“人们很少思考我们是如何以及为什么获得识别和记忆面孔的能力的”正确。A选项“人们有惊人的能力来识别超过1000张面孔”，在第二段第一句话Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.（然而，据某专家称，我们每个人可能都能识别1000多张面孔，其中大多数在细节上都有所不同。）是专家说的，并不是作者觉得好奇的；C选项“人们没有意识到识别面孔的能力对他们来说是多么重要和有价值”，文章没有提到；D选项“人们一直在争论人们认识和记忆的方式”，这个也不是作者觉得好奇的点。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.（因此，有些人认为这是天生的，“大脑区分面孔的能力有特殊的特点”。）因此C选项正确。A选项“是人类特有的特征之一”，B选项“它在出生后不久就获得了”，与原文不符；D选项“它是从我们的环境和经验中学来的”，这是另一种观点，但不是最先的。

4.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.（它是多么重要和有价值，直到我们遇到那些被剥夺了能力的人，我们才会意识到。）因此可以推断出B选项“没有它，正常的日常生活就不可能了”正确。A选项“它在日常生活中是有用的，但不是必要的”与原文意思不符；C选项“在某些情况下，没有它我们就无法生存”，原文没有提及；D选项“没有它，正常的社会生活将很难”，属于过度推断。

5.推理判断题。根据选项关键词定位到最后一段Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.（这种不幸的无法识别大众都熟悉面孔的能力，但通常可以通过他们的声音、走路方式或眼镜来识别个人。）因此A选项“识别个体的能力不仅依赖视觉，还依赖其他感官”正确。B选项“视觉对于识别个体是必不可少的”，这个不是文章想要强调的；C选项“识别面孔的能力是大脑天生的一种特殊能力”，不符合文章意思；D选项“人们充分认识到人脸识别能力的重要性”，不是原文强调的；文章最后一段是想说明，哪怕有的人没有这种能力，他也可以通过其他的感官来感知。

9.单选题

JamesHenrySmithwasa_______ManchesterUnitedfaninlife,andevendeathcouldnotkeephimfromhisfavoritespotinarecliner,infrontofaTVshowinghisbelovedteaminaction.

问题1选项

A.zealous

B.gigantic

C.convertible

D.imperial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“zealous”意为“热心的，热情的，积极的”；B选项“gigantic”意为“巨大的，庞大的”；C选项“convertible”意为“可改变的；同意义的；可交换的”；D选项“imperial”意为“帝国的；皇帝的；至高无上的；威严的”。句意：詹姆斯•亨利•史密斯生前是一个狂热的曼联球迷，即使是死亡也无法阻止他坐在躺椅上，在电视机前观看他心爱的球队的比赛。由题干可知，即使是死亡也无法阻止他观看心爱球队的比赛，这说明他是个非常狂热的球迷。因此A选项符合题意。

10.翻译题

过去，人们并没有充分认识到污染给环境造成的影响。只是把它看成一种会熏黑房屋，弄脏河流的令人讨厌的东西。

【答案】

Inthepast,peoplewerenotfullyawareoftheimpactofpollutionontheenvironment.Weregarditasanobnoxiousthingwhichcanblackenhouseanddirtyriver.

11.单选题

Theterroristskidnappedthedirectorofthecompanyanddemandedalargesumsofmoneyforhis（）.

问题1选项

A.liberty

B.relief

C.relaxation

D.release

【答案】D

【解析】上下文语义。句意：恐怖分子绑架了这家公司的经理，要求得到一大笔钱才会释放他。选项D符合句意。

12.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

世界上大多数城市，都在没有任何为城市发展拟定的合理计划下发展起来。现在越来越多的市政府已认识到控制和指导发展的必要。现在已有条例明确规定城市各区所能容许的建筑类型、土地使用和人口密度。设计部门所处理的事项包括未来的饮水供应、污水处理、电力、通讯和运输设备等。

【答案】Mostcitiesintheworldhavedevelopedwithoutanyreasonableplanforurbanconstructions.Theincreasingnumberofmunicipalgovernmentshaverealizedthatitisnecessarytocontrolandguidethedevelopmentofcities.Nowtherearespecificregulationsaboutthetypesofbuildings,theuseoflandandthedensityofthepopulationwhichwasallowedbyeachdistrictofthecity.Thedesigndepartmentdealswithissuessuchasfuturewatersupply,sewagetreatment,electricity,communicationsandtransportationequipment.

13.案例题

Imaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you'renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,already-expensive.Londonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.

Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn'tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.

Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation'sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It'salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy-fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami-forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.

ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak?ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico-asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscan'taffordtojointhemerrymaking.

Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit.Sodoexports,whichthanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Forfirstfivemonthsof2007,thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006.

IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you'reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastweekCoca-Cola'sstickbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke'sbeveragebusiness.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald'sandIBM.

Americantourists,however,shouldn'texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup-slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon'tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.

1.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliated?

A.Theireconomyisplunging

B.Theircurrencyhasslumped

C.Theycan'taffordtripstoEurope

D.Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets.

2HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryAmericans?

A.TheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewEngland.

B.Theyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-poprestaurants.

C.Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.

D.Theymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicproblems.

3.HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.Swiththedevalueddollar?

A.Theyfeelcontemptuousofit

B.Theyaresympatheticwithit.

C.Theyregarditasasuperpoweronthedecline.

D.Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.

4.Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoAmericans?

A.Theytreatthedollarwithalittlerespect

B.Theytrytowinintheweak-dollargamble

C.Theyvacationathomeratherthanabroad

D.Theytreasuretheirmarriagesallthemore.

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon'tturnonadime”(Line2,Para7)?

A.Thedollar'svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.

B.Thevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadime

C.Thedollar'svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.

D.FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.

【答案】1.B

2.C

3.D

4.C

5.A

【解析】1.

根据第三段的第一句“Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation'