考研考博-英语-四川城市职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川城市职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatare（）（均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的）。

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which（）（把美观和功能完美地结合起来）。

3.我们必须培养分析问题和解决问题的能力。

4.认识落后，才能改变落后。学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。

5.一个不怕困难、百折不挠、坚持到底的科学工作者一定会在科研工作中取得光辉的成就。

【答案】1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatarebalanceddietsareessentialtogoodhealth.

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,whichcombinesbeautywithfunctionperfectly.

3.Wemustdeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.

4.Onlybyunderstandingbackwardnesscanwechangebackwardness.Learningadvancedmakesitpossibletocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvanced.

5.Ascientificworkerwhoisnotafraidofdifficulties,perseveringinspiteofsetbacksandperseveringtotheendwillsurelyachievebrilliantachievementsinhisscientificresearchwork.

2.单选题

Athirdofbreadscontainmoresaltthanrecommendedunderguidelinesbeingintroducednextyear,asurveyfound.

Mostbreadswerewithinthecurrentguidelinesofl.lgofsaltper100g-butthisisbeingcuttolgperl00g.CampaignforActiononSaltandHealth(CASH),whichlookedat300breads,saiditwas“outrageous”thatbreadcontainedeventhecurrentlevel.TheDepartmentofHealthsaid’’considerable"saltreductionshadalreadybeenmade.Manufacturerssaidmanyloaveswiththelowestsaltlevelsweresupermarketbrands,whichwerethemostpopular.Eatingtoomuchsaltislinkedtohighbloodpressure,whichinturnincreasestheriskofdevelopingheartdisease.

Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsvarywithage.Adultsaremeanttohavenomorethan6gofsaltintheirdietperday,whiletoddlersshouldhavenomorethan2g.

Saltlevelsinbreadhavefallenbyaboutathirdoverthepastdecade,withsomefallingbyupto40%.ButCASHsayslevelsarestilltoohigh,andwarnsthereiswidevariationintheamountfoundinloaves.Mostarewithinhalfagramofthecurrenttargetofl.lgofsaltperl00gofbreadabouttwohickslices.ButCASHfoundsomesignificantlyexceededit.CASHsaysconsumersshouldlookatnutritionlabels,wherepossible,toseehowmuchsaltbreadcontains.Butitwarnsfreshbreads,fromin-storeorhigh-streetbakerieshavenonutritionallabeling,meaningpeoplecannottellhowmuchsalttheycontain.Anditsaidbakerybreadsoftenhadhigherlevelsthantheirpackagedproducts.

CASHchairmanProf.GrahamMacGregor,oftheWolfsonInstituteofPreventativeMedicine,said:"Itisfranklyoutrageousthatbreadstillcontainssomuchsalt.TheDepartmentofHealthneedstoensurethatallbreadisclearlylabeledandthatallmanufacturersreducethesaltofbreadtolessthatthesalttargetoflgperl00g.Itistheveryhighlevelsofsaltthatishiddenineverydayfood,suchasbread,thatputsupbothadults'andchildren'sbloodpressure.“VictoriaTaylor,seniordietitianattheBritishHeartFoundation,said:"Weknowtoomanypeopleareeatingtoomuchsalteachday.Somemanufacturersareworkingtowardstargetsforsaltreduction,butweneedmoreactiontocutthesaltcontentinbreadandmakesuretheyprovidecolour-codedfoodlabelstohelptheircustomers."ButFederationofBakersdirectorGordonPolsonsaid:"Themajorityofwrappedslicedbreadavailablealreadymeetsthe2012targetsandourmembersarecontinuingtoendeavourtoreducesaltbycontributingtoongoingresearchtoestablishwhichothermeansareavailabletoreducesaltinbread.ThevastmajorityofbreadssingledoutintheCASHreportashigherinsaltarenotthemainstreamproductsproducedbyourmembers;whichdoproducearound80%ofthenation'sbreadina£3bnindustry.n

ADepartmentofHealthspokesmansaidthegovernmentwelcomedthe’’considerable"saltreductionsthatbreadmakershadalreadymade,anditwas"verypleasing"thataround60%oftheproductsmetsalttargetsfor2012."Thisisanimportantstepinhelpingtoreducesaltintake,aswellasloweringtheriskofhighbloodpressureandresultingstrokesandheartdisease.Welookforwardtoseeingfurtherreductionsasmorecompaniesmeetthetargets,”headded.

BritishRetailConsortiumfooddirectorAndrewOpiesaidretailersandmanufacturersaretofondindependentresearchtolookforwaysofmeetingthe2012target-"whilestillmakingfoodswhichconsumerswanttobuy”.

1.What’sGordonPolson’sattitudetowardthemajorityofwrapped,slicedbreadavailable?

2.AccordingtoCASH,thecurrentsaltlevelsofbreadare（

）.

3.CASHsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

5.WhataretheharmfuleffectsoftoomuchsaltaccordingtoCASH?

问题1选项

A.Positive.

B.Critical.

C.Skeptical.

D.Indifferent

问题2选项

A.amazinglylow

B.proper

C.toohigh

D.considerable

问题3选项

A.saltlevelsinbreadshouldbereducedby40%

B.theamountfoundinloavesshouldvarywithbreads

C.consumersshouldfigureouthowmuchsaltbreadcontains

D.onlyfreshbreadsshouldbelabeled

问题4选项

A.Saltreductionsaretobemade.

B.Theloavesinsupermarketsarewiththelowestsaltlevels.

C.Womencanhavemoresaltintheirdietperdaythanmen.

D.Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsaredifferentwithage.

问题5选项

A.malnutrition

B.highbloodpressure

C.Diabetes

D.chronicdisease

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推断题。根据题干关键词GordonPolson’s,wrapped,slicedbread定位至第五段:Themajorityofwrapped,slicedbreadavailablealreadymeets…whichdoproducearound80%ofthenationsbreadina£3bnindustry(市场上大多数包装切片面包已经符合2012年指标，我们的成员厂家正在努力研究寻找其他可以降低含盐量的途径。绝大多数在低盐与健康运动报告中被指含盐量较高的面包都不是我们的主流产品，在全国30亿英镑的面包产业中，我们生产了其中的80%的面包)。由此可知他的态度是积极的。

2.细节题。。第四段指出：ButCASHsayslevelsarestilltoohigh...：但是CASH认为含盐量仍然太高.因此C项正确。

3.细节题。第四段：CASHsaysconsumersshouldlookatnutritionlabels,wherepossible,toseehowmuchsaltbreadcontains.Butitwarnsfreshbreads,fromin-storeorhigh-streetbakerieshavenonutritionallabeling,meaningpeoplecannottellhowmuchsalttheycontain.低盐与健康运动建议消费者应该看看营养标签，如果可能的话，看看盐面包含有多少。但它警告说，新鲜面包，从店内或商业街面包店没有营养标签，这意味着人们无法知道他们含有多少盐。因此应选择C:消费者应当估计面包里包含多少盐。A:面包中盐的含量应为40%。B:面包中所发现的含量会依据面包的不同而有所不同。D:只有新鲜面包才会贴标签。此三项不符合原文。

4.细节题。第二段指出：...saltreductionshadalreadybeenmade面包中所含盐分已经减少了。由此得知，选项A:将要降低面包中所含的盐分是错误的；选项B:超市里的面包是含盐最低的，与选项C:女性每天摄入盐量要高于男性，无从推断。第三段：Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsvarywithage.对于不同的年龄段，推荐的食盐量也不同。可以得出选项D正确。

5.细节题。第二段指出：Eatingtoomuchsaltislinkedtohighbloodpressure,whichinturnincreasestheriskofdevelopingheartdisease.吃太多的盐会导致高血压，继而提高心脏病的发病率。由此得知，选择B项:高血压。

3.翻译题

作为中国历史上一个文化与智慧迅速扩张的时代，诸子百家始于公元前770年，终于公元前222年。这个时代被誉为中国思想的黄金时期和百家争鸣的时期，它见证了不同思想学派的兴起。

不少起源于这个时代的中国古典著作直到今日对中国人的生活方式和社会意识还有着深远的影响。这个时代的知识型社会以流动的智者为特征，这些智者被不同国家的君主任用为顾问，针对治国之道、治军之道和外交手段提出建议。

儒家思想可能是对国人生活最具有长远影响的本体思想。它还被称为学者学派，其文学遗产存在于儒家典籍中，这些典籍为传统社会奠定了基础，这种思想的代表人物是孔子，他主张君主以仁治国。孟子是孔子的弟子，他为儒家思想中人道的传播做出了主要贡献，宣扬“人性本善”。

中国同样见证了国学思想中第二主要的流派——道家思想的发展。它由传说中的圣人老子和庄子所构建。道家思想的核心在于自然境界中的个人而不是社会中的个人。根据道家思想，每个人的生活目标应该是调整自我来适应自然世界的节奏，顺应宇宙的模式，和谐生活。

总而言之，“百家争鸣”的景象出现在2500年前的春秋时期和2200年前的战国时期，2400年前，诸子百家的出现以及他们的倡导者老子和孔子都在世界哲学史的发展过程中占据了重要地位。

【答案】AsaneraofgreatculturalandintellectualexpansioninChina,theHundredSchoolsofThoughtlastedfrom770BCto222BC.KnownastheGoldenAgeofChinesethoughtandtheContentionofaHundredSchoolsofThought,theperiodsawtheriseofmanydifferentschoolsofthought.

ManyofthegreatChineseclassictextsthatoriginatedduringthisperiodhavehadprofoundinfluencesonChineselifestyleandsocialconsciousnesslastingtothepresentday.Theintellectualsocietyofthiserawascharacterizedbyitinerantintellectuals,whowereusuallyemployedbyvariousstaterulersasadvisersonthemethodsofgovernment,war,anddiplomacy.

ConfucianismisthebodyofthoughtthathasarguablyhadthemostenduringeffectonChineselife.AlsoknownastheSchooloftheScholars,itswrittenlegacyliesintheConfucianClassics,whichlaterbecamethefoundationofthetraditionalsociety.TherepresentativeofthisthoughtisConfucius.Hecontendedthatakingmustbevirtuousinordertoruleproperty.MenciuswasaConfuciandisciplewhomademajorcontributionstothespreadofhumanisminConfucianthought,declaringthatman,bynature,wasinherentlygood.

AsthesecondmostsignificantstreamofChinesethought,theZhouperiodalsosawthedevelopmentofTaoism.ItsformulationisoftenattributedtothelegendarysageLaoZiandZhuangZi.ThefocusofTaoismisontheindividualwithinthenaturalrealmratherthantheindividualwithinsociety.AccordingtoTaoism,thegoaloflifeforeachindividualistoseektoadjustoneselfandadapttotherhythmofthenaturalworld,tofollowthewayoftheuniverse,toliveinharmony.

Inaword,thesceneof“contentionofahundredschoolsofthought”broughtforthintheSpringandAutumnPeriod2500yearsagoandtheWarringStatesPeriodover2200yearsagoandtheemergenceofvariousschoolsofthoughtandtheirexponentssuchasLaoZiandConfuciusabout2400yearsagoalloccupyaveryimportantpositionintheworldhistoryofphilosophy.

4.单选题

Goodsalesmenknowby（）thebestapproachtotakewithaparticularcustomer.

问题1选项

A.bent

B.genius

C.instinct

D.faculty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项bent“天赋，爱好”；B选项genius“天才，天赋”；C选项instinct“本能，直觉”；D选项faculty“能力，功能”。句意：优秀的推销员凭直觉就知道应对特定客户的最佳方法。由选项意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

5.单选题

______,theworseIseemtofeel.

问题1选项

A.WhenItakemoremedicine

B.ThemoremedicineItake

C.Takingmoreofthemedicine

D.Moremedicinetaken

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.WhenItakemoremedicine当我吃更多的药B.ThemoremedicineItake我吃的药越多

C.Takingmoreofthemedicine吃更多的药D.Moremedicinetaken更多的药被吃

【答案】B

【考查点】固定句式。

【解题思路】根据后面的theworse（更糟）可知，the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越……，越……”。因此，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】

A、C项填入空格中，后面句子应该用正常语序；

D项缺少主语，且动词逻辑主语和后面句子的主语不一致。

【句意】我吃的药越多，感觉越糟。

6.单选题

In1885OwenWister(1850-1938)recordedthat“itwon’tbeacenturybeforethewestissimplythetrueAmerica,withthought,type,andlifeofitsown”andhewanted“tobethehandthatonce,forall,chronicledandlaidbarethevirtuesandtheicesofthisextraordinaryphaseofAmericansocialprogress.”Heneverbecamethatself-envisionedTolstoioftheoldWest,butin1902TheVirginianwaspublished.Itwoninstantsuccessandsky-rocketeditsauthortofame.Itisstillthemostpopular“western”noveleverpublishedandthemasterdesignforthefictionoftheWildWest.

TheVirginianestablishedaliteraryform,aformulapopularlyknownas“horseopera”,whoseconventions,cliches,andvalueshavereappearedinnovelsandshortstories,inmoviesandtelevisionserials,eversince.Theromanticcowboyistheheroandgentleman,oneofthose“goodmeninthehumblerwalksoflife”,whoseemsthroughshams,defendsjusticeandalady’shonor,shootsitoutwiththevillainandconquersevil.BecauseofTheVirginian,Wistercreatedacharacterwhoistheoriginaltypeforthewesternfolkhero.HerepresentstheembodimentofcertainAmericanideals—amanwhoisequaltoalloccasionswhoshowsindependenceofaction,amanwhokeepshiswordwhoisabroad-gaugefellowlivingamongnarrow-gaugefold”.ButtheliterarydeviceandcowboycodewhichWisterestablisheddictatedthattheheromustkilltheheadman.Thisnecessityforsanctioningmurderandromanticizingofthecowboyasagentlemanprohibited.TheVirginianandthegenreitcreatedfrombecomingseriousfiction,orevenanauthenticproductofthewesternexperience.Insteadofachievinghisambition,therefore,WistergaveusasortofAmericanfolkepic,thecowboystory.

1.OwenWisterbelieved（）.

2.Stylistically,TheVirginianisnotedforthefactthatit（）.

3.ThepopularitywhichwasaccordedTheVirginianindicatesthatWister（）.

4.Theauthorofthearticlebelievesthat（）.

问题1选项

A.thewayoflifeinthewestin1885wasapassingphase

B.thecowboyin1885symbolizedthetypicalAmericanmode

C.thewestwouldbealwaysisolatedfromtherestofthecountrybyitsmoralcode

D.noneofthese

问题2选项

A.waswrittenaccordingtoapre-establishedformula

B.establishedtheformulaknownas“horseopera”

C.followedtheliteraryconventionsoftheday.

D.abandonedAmericanconventionsinfavorofforeignones

问题3选项

A.hadwrittenanaccountofthecowboywhichappealedtoAmericanaspirations

B.gaveusanauthenticaccountofthewesternexperience

C.becametheAmericanTolstoi

D.realizedhisstatedambition

问题4选项

A.TheVirginiandidnotdeservethesuccessitwon

B.Wisterwasahack

C.WistermadeadefinitecontributiontoAmericanliterature

D.cowboystoriesshouldbeconsideredseriousfiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.根据第一段第一句“itwon’tbeacenturybeforethewestissimplythetrueAmerica.”可知选项A错误；选项B在文中没有提及；选项C明显错误；所以本题选D。

2.根据第二段第一句“TheVirginianestablishedaliteraryform,aformulapopularlyknownas“horseopera”,...”弗吉尼亚人建立了一种文学形式，一种被普遍称为“马戏”的模式。选项B与原文描述一致，所以正确。

3.根据第二段最后一句“Insteadofachievinghisambition,therefore,WistergaveusasortofAmericanfolkepic,thecowboystory.”Wister没有实现他的抱负，而是给我们讲述了一部美国民间史诗，牛仔的故事。这使我们对西方的经历有了真实的了解，所以选项B正确。

4.根据第一段倒数第二句“...TheVirginianwaspublished.Itwoninstantsuccessandsky-rocketeditsauthortofame.”可知选项A错误；选项B在文中没有提及；选项C符合原文；选项D不正确，所以本题选C。

7.单选题

（

）memostwasthattheyoungboywhohadlostbotharmsinanaccidentcouldhandleapenwithhisfeet.

问题1选项

A.Thatamazed

B.Itamazed

C.Whichamazed

D.Whatamazed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:令我吃惊的是，这个在车祸中丧失双臂的年轻人能够用脚拿笔。

语法题。考查名词性从句。分析题干可知memost这部分在整个句子中作主语，因此这部分是主语从句。常用连接词what引导主语从句,故答案选项为D。

8.单选题

Thecommitteeis（

）adecisionfromtheheadquartersbeforeittakesanyaction.

问题1选项

A.waiting

B.awaitingfor

C.awaiting

D.anticipating

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和动词词组辨析。wait“等候”；awaitfor这个词组不常见；await“等候”；anticipate“预期；期望”。句意：采取任何行动之前，委员会正在等待总部的一个决定。wait后面要接一个介词for再加等待的对象；await可以直接接宾语。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Grandmaalwayspaidattentiontotheneeds,wishesandfeelingsofthosearoundher.Shewasthemost（

）womanI’veeverknown.

问题1选项

A.artificial

B.merry

C.considerate

D.brilliant

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶总是关注身边人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所认识的最体贴的女人。选项C符合语境。

10.单选题

SanFranciscoclimbsandfallsovernumeroushills,whichprovide（

）viewsofthewidebayandtheGoldenGateBridge.

问题1选项

A.flashy

B.transient

C.breathtaking

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。flashy“闪光的，瞬间的”；transient“短暂的”；breathtaking“惊人的，惊险的，令人激动的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：旧金山位于高低起伏的小山上，能让人们看到令人激动的大湾以及金门桥。由climbsandfallsovernumeroushills以及空格后的widebay“宽阔海湾”可知海湾和金门桥的景象是令人激动的。答案C

11.单选题

Hefelt______ofwhathehaddoneinschool.

问题1选项

A.shy

B.ash

C.advisable

D.ashamed

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项shy“害羞的；易受惊的；对（做）……心怀顾忌”；B选项ash“灰烬”；C选项advisable“明智的，可取的”；D选项ashamed“感到羞耻的；惭愧的”。句意：他为自己在学校里的所作所为感到______。根据语境，这里指的是对他做过的事的态度，D选项ashamed“感到羞耻的；惭愧的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicessuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.

RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviationindustry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesbansuchdevicesfrombeingusedduring“critical”stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.

Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft’scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicesemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.

Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerabletointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Asworrying,though,isthepassengerwhocan’theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic’stooloud.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（

）.

2.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?

3.Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevicesbecause（

）

4.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonanairplane’scomputers?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor（

）.

问题1选项

A.anewregulationforallairlines

B.thedefectsofelectronicdevices

C.apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashes

D.effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight

问题2选项

A.Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems

B.Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding

C.Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengers’portablecomputers

D.Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference

问题3选项

A.theydon’tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerference

B.theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeproved

C.mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayers

D.theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon

问题4选项

A.Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane

B.Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith

C.Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethatsameeffectsinlabs

D.Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch

问题5选项

A.isinfavorofprohibitingpassenger’useofelectronicdevicescompletely

B.hasoverestimatedthedangerofelectromagneticinterference

C.hasn’tformedhisownopiniononthisproblem

D.regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflight

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开篇第一句话点明主旨:Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass(如今航空公司面临的最大的安全威胁可能不是持枪的恐怖分子，而是商务舱里带着便携式电脑的乘客)。故选C。

2.细节事实。根据题干定位至第一段:Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference(在过去的15年中，飞行员报告说100多起事故可能由电磁干扰引起的)。

3.细节事实。根据题干定位至第二段:mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights(由于许多乘客想在飞行期间工作，多数航空公司不愿意执行全面禁令)。

4.细节事实。第三段给出了原因:But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.(由于他们无法在实验室中重现这些效应，他们无法知道干扰是否有危险)。

5.观点态度。根据文章大意，可以看出作者的态度。

13.单选题

WoodrowWilson（）topreserveworldpeacebysupportingtheestablishmentofanorganizationtosettleinternationaldisputes.

问题1选项

A.endeavoured

B.incited

C.granted

D.offered

【答案】A

【解析】endeavour竭力，尽力，企图；incite促使，激励；grant授予，同意；offer提供。句意：WoodrowWilson通过支持成立一个解决国际争端的组织，努力维护世界和平。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

Thetasteofthefoodwasso（）thatitwashardlynoticeable.

问题1选项

A.superior

B.prime

C.topic

D.subtle

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。superior“优秀的，出众的”；prime“主要的，基本的”；topic“话题，主题”；subtle“微妙的，难以捉摸的”。根据后面的内容“几乎看不出来”，可知食物的味道是很微妙的，所以不易察觉。选项D符合句意。

15.翻译题

Feedbackplaysanimportantroleinalmostallelectroniccircuits.Itsstudyisintroducedheretoprovideaviewoftheamplifierasagainelement.

【答案】反馈几乎在所有电子电路中都有重要的作用。本文介绍了放大器作为增益元件的研究情况。

16.单选题

AfricaandSouthAmericanaremovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialis（）intothefloorbetweenthem.

问题1选项

A.dejected

B.ejected

C.injected

D.projected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deject“使……沮丧；使……灰心”；B选项eject“喷射；驱逐，逐出”；C选项inject“注入；注射”；D选项project“计划；发射；放映”。句意：随着新材料被注入到非洲和南美之间的地板上，它们正在相互远离，因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

Sincethesituationischanging,let’stakesome（）measurestodealwithit.

问题1选项

A.available

B.changeable

C.considerable

D.flexible

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。available可获得的；changeable多变的；considerable相当大的，重要的；flexible灵活的。句意：既然情况在变化，让我们采取一些灵活的措施来处理它。选项B和D在句意上似乎都可以，但这里修饰的名词是measures，所以选项D更恰当一些。

18.单选题

Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.Yetthatiswhattheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemehashadtoaccommodate.WhenthenetworkwasfirstestablishedtherewereonlyahandfulofcomputercentresinAmerica.Insteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.

Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.Nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse;ifthistrendcontinuestheywillrunoutby2011,theOrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,athink-tankforrichcountries,warnedinMay.

Theshortageisnottheonlyproblem;sotooisgrowingcomplexity.IPv4addressesareallocatedinblockstonetworkoperators.Thepathtoreacheachnetworkispublishedonagloballistthatisconstantlyupdated.Bigcomputers,calledrouters,usetheseentriestoguidetheflowoftrafficacrosstheinternet.Butasmoredevicesandnetworkslinktotheinternet,itbecomesnecessarytosubdividetheaddressblocksintoever-smallerunits.Thisrisksovertaxingthemillionsofroutersthathandletheinternet’straffic,whichmustberegularlyupgradedtokeepup.WeretherenoalternativetoIPv4,partsoftheinternetwouldeventuallysufferfromsporadicoutages.

Fortunatelyanewsystemdoesexist,calledinternetprotocolversion6,whichprovides3.4X1038addresses.ThismeansIPv6addressescanbeallocatedtonetworkoperatorsandcompaniesinmuchlargerquantities.Italsoprovidesacleanslateforestablishingnewpathsovertheinternet,reducingcomplexity.Butswitchingmeansupgradingmillionsofdevices.

Infact,supportforIPv6isalreadywidelyavailableinsoftwareandhardware,butithasnotbeenusedmuch.OnlyafewresearchinstitutionsandtheAmericangovernmenttooktheIPv6plungeearlyon.(InAmericaallfederalagenciesmustbecapableofusingIPv6byJune30th2008,byexecutiveorder.)

Butinrecentmonthsthepaceofchangehaspickedup.InFebruaryMrVixie,anetworkengineer,flippedaswitchthatmeansdomainnamescannowmapontoIPv6addresses.Thismayheraldmorewidespreadadoptionofthenewprotocol,sinceitmeansthatanyorganisationcanuseIPv6addresseswithitsdomainnames,anduserscanaccessthemwithoutspecialrigging.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwemayinferthatthedesignoftheinternet’sfundamentaladdressingschemeis（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theaddressingsystemIPv4（）.

3.Thepotentialproblemwithinternetprotocolversion4todayisthat（）.

4.ItisimpliedthatIPv6addresses（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.over-populated

B.verypopular

C.outofdate

D.ratherirrational

问题2选项

A.willrunoutby2011

B.cannotkeepupwithsomuchinformation

C.isover-loadedwithtoomanyfunctions

D.isdamagedbyathink-tankforrichcountries

问题3选项

A.nearly85%ofavailableaddressesarealreadyinuse

B.carsandrefrigeratorsarefloodingontothenetwork

C.itisgrowingintoakindofcomplexity

D.thereisashortageofavailableaddressesinthenearfuture

问题4选项

A.arenotverypopularforsometechnicalreasons

B.areproducedinmuchlargerquantities

C.areupgradingmillionsofdevices

D.canbeanalternativetoIPv4

问题5选项

A.Theinternet’sfundamentaladdressingscheme

B.Theprincipleofinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4)

C.Thepotentialproblemwiththeexistingaddressingsystem

D.Analternativeinternetprotocoltodealwithaddressshortage

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文第一段的首句“Nobodywouldexpectacitywatersystemdesignedfor1mresidentstobeabletohandlea1,000-foldincreaseinpopulationinjustafewyears.没有人会想到，一个为100万居民设计的城市供水系统，能够在短短几年内应对人口增长1000倍的情况。”以及最后两句“Insteadofchoosinganumberingsystemthatcouldsupportafewthousandormillionaddresses,theinternet’sdesignersforesightedlyoptedforonethatcouldhandle4billion.Butnoweventhatisnotenough.互联网的设计者深谋远虑地选择了能够处理40亿个地址的编号系统，而不是能够支持几千或几百万个地址的编号系统。但现在，即使这样也还不够。”由此可知，这个设计是不合理的，因为没有考虑到人口暴增的问题，所以选项D正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第二段的第一句“Theaddressingsystem,calledinternetprotocolversion4(IPv4),cannotkeepupwiththefloodofcomputers,mobilephones,hand-heldgadgets,gamesconsolesandevencarsandrefrigeratorsfloodingontothenetwork.这个被称为互联网协议4(IPv4)的寻址系统无法跟上涌入网络的电脑、手机、手持设备、游戏机，甚至是汽车和冰箱。”由此可知，IPv4寻址系统跟不上如此多的信息，所以选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段首句“Theshortageisnottheonlyproblem;sotooisgrowingcomplexity.短缺并不是唯一的问题；复杂性也在不断增加。”由此可知，IPv4潜在的问题是不断增加的复杂性，选项C符合原文。

4.词义推断题。根据第三段的最后一句以及第四段的首句“WeretherenoalternativetoIPv4,partsoftheinternetwouldeventuallysufferfromsporadicoutages.Fortunatelyanewsystemdoesexist,calledinternetprotocolversion6,…如果没有IPv4的替代方案，部分互联网最终将遭遇不定时的中断。幸运的是，一种新的系统已经存在，叫作IPv6……”接着后面提到IPv6弥补了IPv4的不足，由此可推断，IPv6可以作为IPv4的替代品，所以选项D正确。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，文章前半部分首先提出了IPv4所出现的问题，接着后面讲到了解决这些问题的替换方案，也就是IPv6，所以选项D作为标题更恰当。

19.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Thetestwashard.2)Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabl