考研考博-英语-嘉兴职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-嘉兴职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（

）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

问题1选项

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项modify“修改，更改”；B选项duplicate“模仿，复制”；C选项accelerate“加速，增速”；D选项stimulate“刺激”。根据宾语aviolentact（暴力行为）可知B选项符合语境。句意：最近，有报道称，一些儿童模仿了以前在电视上看到的暴力行为。

2.翻译题

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

Scientificresearchisbynatureanuncertainundertaking.Likeanyexploratoryprocess,itisnotpossibletopredictwhatonewillfindorwhatitseventualutilitymightbe.Thatisthewholepointofresearch-investigatingwhatwedonotknow.Inotherwalksoflifewehavecometogripswiththenotionofstochasticphenomenathatarenotindividuallypredictable,butcanbetackledasagroup.Mutualfundmanagersdonotexpecteveryinvestmenttohavethesamereturn,nordoactuariesexpecteverypersontolivepreciselytothelifeexpectancy.Thewholepointofamutualfund,oraninsurancecompany,istocreateaportfolioofunpredictableentitiesthatintheaggregateyieldtostatisticalprediction.Givenasufficientlylargeportfolioofresearchprojects,andenoughtimetobringthemtofruition,thetrackrecordisclear:Scienceisatremendous,andverypredictable,investment.

Yetthisisnothowscienceisviewedbythosewhofunditingovernmentorindustry.Therefore,projectsaresubjectedtoascrutinywhollyinappropriatetotheirnature.Themostreliablewaytogetresearchfundsistopredicttheresearchresultsupfront,toguaranteelowriskoffailure,andtopresentaclearandcertainpathfromresultstogreatcommercialutility.

【答案】科学研究一项不确定的事业。就像任何探索过程一样，我们不可能预测人们会发现什么，或者它最终的效用是什么。研究-调查我们不知道的事情是整个重点。在其他行业，我们已经掌握随机现象的概念，这些现象不作为个体预测，而是可以作为一个整体来处理的。共同基金经理不期望每一个投资都有同样的回报，精算师们也不期望每个人都能精确地生活在预期寿命中。共同基金或保险公司的全部目的是创建一个不可预测的实体组合，这些实体在总体收益率上是用于统计预测的。倘若有足够大型的研究组合，以及有足够的时间让它们结出硕果，这种记录是清晰的：科学是一项巨大的、非常可预测的投资。

然而，政府或工业界的资助者并不是这样看待科学的。因此，项目受到完全不符合其性质的审查。获得科研经费最可靠的途径是提前预测研究成果，保证低风险的失败，并从研究成果向大商业应用的角度说明清晰、确定的路径。

3.单选题

I’dratheryou（）bytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.

问题1选项

A.went

B.wouldgo

C.shouldgo

D.hadgone

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。wouldrather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。句意：我宁愿你坐火车去，因为我无法忍受你在这种糟糕的天气还要乘飞机的想法。动词go的一般过去式为went，故选A。

4.翻译题

Informationprocessingistheacquisition,recording,organization,retrieval（检索）,display,anddisseminationofinformation.Inrecentyears,thetermhasoftenbeenappliedtocomputer-basedoperationsspecifically.Duringthepastfewcenturiesgreatadvanceshavebeenmadeinthehumancapabilitytorecord,store,andreproduceinformation,beginningwiththeinventionofprintingfrommovabletypein1450,followedbythedevelopmentofphotographyandtelephony,andculminatinginthemassproductionofelectronicdigitalcomputersinthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.Newtechnologiesforpreservingandtransmittingauralandvisualinformationhavefurtherenhancedinformationprocessing.

【答案】信息处理即对信息的获取、组织、检索、展示及传播。这个术语近年来一直经常专门用于电脑运行。从1450年发明了活字印刷技术开始，随后又开发出摄影技术和电话技术，最终于二十世纪下半叶批量生产电子计算机形成顶峰，人类信息记录、信息存储及信息复制能力在过去的几百年间已经取得了巨大的进展。用于储存和传输视频及音频信息的新技术已经进一步加强了信息处理能力。

5.单选题

Economistssaidthattheirsmoothgrowththisyearwassuspiciousbecausetheywereso（

）othereconomicindicators.

问题1选项

A.inlinewith

B.inexcessof

C.atoddswith

D.inproportionto

【答案】C

【解析】考察介词辨析。inlinewith符合，与……一致；inexcessof超过，较……为多；atoddswith与……不一致，差异；inproportionto成比例。句意：经济学家们说今年的经济平稳增长是可疑的，因为今年的经济发展与其他经济指数存在很大的差异。选项C符合句意。

6.单选题

Itiscommonknowledgethatoneculture（

）withthearea.

问题1选项

A.connects

B.relates

C.associates

D.correlates

【答案】D

【解析】句意:一种文化与当地的社会和经济的发展相互依存，这是常识。

动词辨析。connect和relate都能与with连用，表示“与…联系”，但侧重于两者的关系；associatewith意为“联合，将…联系在一起”；correlatewith“相互依存”；将四个选项分别代入题干对比分析可知，最佳答案选项为D。

7.单选题

Thisnewroundoflayoffoccurringinmajorindustrialcitieswillonlyreduceprofitsand（

）aneconomiccrisis.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.precipitate

C.offend

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rectify“改正，校正”；B选项precipitate“使……突然降临；加速（坏事的发生），使突然陷入（某种状态）”；C选项offend“得罪，冒犯，犯罪”；D选项alternate“交替，轮流”。由reduceprofitsand_____aneconomiccrisis（减少利润和_____经济危机）可知B选项符合语境。句意：主要工业城市新一轮的停产只会降低利润并陷入经济危机。

8.单选题

Thealliessufferedlessthan20（

）whileenemylossesweresaidtobehigh.

问题1选项

A.casualties

B.consequences

C.calamities

D.severities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。casualty意为“(战争或事故的)伤员，伤亡”；consequence意为“结果，后果”；calamity意为“灾祸，灾难”；severity意为“严重”。

句意：同盟国遭受伤亡的人数不到20，而敌人的伤亡据说很高。

9.单选题

Technologystandardsmaybemandatedbygovernmentorindustrycommitteesbutalotofstandardizationislefttothemarketplaceandissponsoredbydominantcompanies.

问题1选项

A.authorized

B.manmade

C.produced

D.manipulated

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.authorized批准；授权B.manmade人造的

C.produced生产；产生D.manipulated控制；操纵

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词Technologystandards（技术标准）和governmentorindustrycommittees（政府或行业委员会）可推知，mandated是指“获得授权，执行”，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】技术标准可能是由政府或行业委员会强制执行的，但很多标准化工作都是由市场来完成的，并由占主导地位的公司赞助。

10.翻译题

中国人的年讲究的就是一个团聚，正如中国知名作家冯骥才所讲：春节是中国人的“情感时刻”。这一天无论你身在何处，回家团圆是唯一的主题，思乡情感也要在这一刻得到宣泄。对于英国留学生们来说，春节回家的愿望，非要天时地利人和，多重因素都给力，才能够得以实现。每年的春节大多在一、二月间，这个时候并不是学校的假期，留学生们无法脱身。

【答案】WhatChineseNewYearstressesisafamilyreunion.JustasFengJicai,afamousChinesewriter,haspointedout,theSpringFestivalisan“emotionalmoment”fortheChinesepeople.Whereveryoumaybethatday,returninghomeforafamilyreunionistheonlytopicofconversationandyourhomesicknessissuretobegotoffyourchest.ForoverseasChinesestudentsintheUnitedKingdom,theirwishofreturninghomeduringtheSpringFestivalcannotberealizedunlesseverythingisOKandmanyfactorsaregeliable.TheSpringFestivalfallschieflybetweenJanuaryandFebruary,duringwhichschoolshavenovacations,overseasstudentscannotleaveschool.

11.单选题

Managementoperatesthroughvarious（）,oftenclassifiedasplanning,organleading/motivatingandcontrolling.

问题1选项

A.foundations

B.functions

C.roles

D.relations

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。句意:管理部门通过各种职能运作，通常分为规划、机构领导/激励和控制。只有选项B有职能的意思，所以本题选B。

12.单选题

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:Saltisbadforyou—regardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship，”USCongressmanNealSmithnoted,betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.’’Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureunderwentnochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation，”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Foranaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissaltallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“lowsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayesJr.admitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.’’Infact,thereisincreasingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium,obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium),genericpredisposition,stress.

“Itisnotyourenemy，”saysDr.Laragh.“SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon’tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”

1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed（

）

2.FromDr.Dustan’sstudywecaninferthat（

）

3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat（

）

4.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?

问题1选项

A.exhibitsasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth.

B.curesdiseasessuchasstrokeandcirculatorydisorders.

C.correlateshighlywithsomediseases.

D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease.

问题2选项

A.alow-saltdietmaybeprescribedforsomepeople.

B.theamountofsaltintakehasnothingtodowithone’sbloodpressure.

C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient.

D.anextremelylow-saltdietmakesnodifferencetoanyone.

问题3选项

A.peopleshouldnotbeafraidoftakingexcessivesalt.

B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt.

C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeopleindisease.

D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation.

问题4选项

A.Thatthesaltscareisnotjustified.

B.Thattheoriginofhypertensionisnowfound.

C.Thatthemoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.

D.Thatsaltconsumptionistobepromoted.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段的文章意思，以及第三句中的“directrelationship”，可以得出选项C最符合题意。

2.信息推断题。根据文章第二段的内容，试验中一半的高血压患者在食用低盐食品时血压有所降低，可以推断出低盐饮食可以作为治疗高血压患者的一个方法。选项A符合题意。

3.信息推断题。根据文章第三段，充足或者稍微过量的摄入盐，会拯救更多的人，而不是只会害死人，不可能建议所有人群都禁止食用食盐。选项D符合题意。

4.信息归纳题。根据文章意思，A选项中的理论并未得到证实，B和D选项文中没有提及。用排除法可知，选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Eight-year-olds.

B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

问题2选项

A.TheuseoffMRI.

B.Theuseofcomputertasks.

C.Thethree-waydivisionofthesubjects.

D.Theinstructionsgiventothesubjects.

问题3选项

A.12-year-oldsrespondstronglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfunctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

D.12-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

问题4选项

A.Notbad.

B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.

D.Gotitwrongthistime.30.

问题5选项

A.Scientists.

B.Thegeneralpublic.

C.Teachersatthekindergarten.

D.ChildrenwithAttentionDeficitDisorder

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】Eight-year-oldchildrenhavearadicallydifferentlearningstrategyfromtwelve-year-oldsandadults.(29)Eight-year-oldslearnprimarilyfrompositivefeedback,whereasnegativefeedbackscarcelycausesanyalarmbellstoring.(26)Twelve-year-oldsarebetterabletoprocessnegativefeedback,anduseittolearnfromtheirmistakes.Adultsdothesame,butmoreefficiently.DrEvelineCroneandhercolleaguesfromtheLeidenBrainandCognitionLabusedfMRIresearchtocomparethebrainsofthreedifferentagegroups:childrenofeighttonineyears,childrenofeleventotwelveyears,andadultsagedbetween18and25years.(27)Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore;thecomparisonisgenerallymadebetweenchildrenandadults.Croneherselfwassurprisedattheoutcome:(28)“Wehadexpectedthatthebrainsofeight-year-oldswouldfunctioninexactlythesamewayasthebrainsoftwelve-year-olds,butmaybenotquitesowell.Childrenlearnthewholetime,sothisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren:howcanyoubestrelayinstructionstoeight-andtwelve-year-olds?”Theresearchersgavechildrenofbothagegroupsandadultsaged18to25acomputertaskwhiletheylayintheMRIscanner.Thetaskrequiredthemtodiscoverrules.Iftheydidthiscorrectly,atickappearedonthescreen,otherwiseacrossappeared.MRIscansshowedwhichpartsofthebrainwereactivated.ThesesurprisingresultssetCronethinking.“Youstarttothinklessintermsof‘good’and‘notsogood’.Childrenofeightmaywellbeabletolearnextremelydifferently,onlytheydoitinadifferentway.”

26.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowinggroupscanbestlearnfromtheirmistakes?

【解析】根据录音可知，与8岁左右的孩子比较起来，12岁的孩子能接受负面反馈并从错误中学习，成年人也会如此，但更有效率(moreefficiently)。因此，本题选D。

27.WhatisnewaboutDr.Crone’sresearch?

【解析】短文中说：Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore，即这种三个层次的分界以前从未有过。因此本题正确答案为C。

28.WhathadDr.Croneandhercolleaguesexpected?

【解析】Crone博士和同事对结果也是大吃一惊，他们原本认为(hadexpected)8岁孩子与12岁孩子的大脑工作方式会完全一致，结果却不是。因此本题正确答案为B。.

29.Whichofthefollowingfeedbackcanbeststimulatetheeightyear-oldstolearn?

【解析】从录音中可知，8岁的孩子在正面反馈的刺激下会做得更好。这也是他们与12岁孩子不一样的地方。故本题答案为A。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whichgroupofpeoplewouldlearnandbenefitmost?

【解析】录音中提到，thisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren(这种新知识对想教孩子学习的人来讲有重要的意义)。因此本题正确答案为C。

14.不定项选择题

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanSpymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthegreatgameofespionage—spyingasa“profession”.ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyremadesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“open-sourceintelligence”,andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.S.

StraifordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas（）.

2.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto（）.

3.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”（line1,paragraph3）mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that（）.

5.Straitfordismostproudofits（）.

问题1选项

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

问题2选项

A.introducethetopicofonlinespying

B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

问题3选项

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

问题4选项

A.Straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

问题5选项

A.officialstatus

B.nonconformistimage

C.efficientstaff

D.militarybackground

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:该题考查了考生对一段的文意的总体把握。解题的关键在于第一段的最后一句话：“ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyremadesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.”其中考生要把握好“Donovan’svocation”这个短语的含义，它指的就是“intelligenceservices”，也就是情报行业，而“reshape”意为改造，那么结合这两点就可以发现B选项就是这两点的转述说法，意为“改造了情报工作”。A选项错误在于Donovan并不是互联网的粉丝，因为从第一句虚拟语气可以看出在他的年代并没有互联网，因此A错误；C选项也不对，第一段写的是“remade”和restored还是有区别的；选D选项的是考生没有区分“reshape”和“revive”的含义，revive意为使复活，从原文中我们并不能得到互联网什么时候消失过，所以也不存在复活，因此答案为B。

第2题:该题需要考生有全局观念，它和文章大意相关，需要结合全文进行作答。作者举一个例子一定是为了体现他的主旨观点，因此，Donovan的故事也是一个引子，目的是引出作者真实想要表达的观点，这就是全文的重点和主旨，本文的主旨是在第一段的最后一句有体现，并且之后的几段也都是围绕着互联网影响了情报工作这一点来展开的，因此和这个主旨最匹配的是A选项。C选项并不对，因为全文的重点并不是信息战争，只是提及了它而已。

第3题:本题考查了考生对文中词组词义的猜测能力及对全文的掌握程度。这个词组的直译含义是“做出了最引人注目的效果”，如果不知道这个词组的含义也没有关系，我们可以从后文得知：Straitford是这个领域的新兴佼佼者，因此它肯定是在这个行业获得了成功的，而其他选项在全文中均无明显体现，找不到相关依据。

第4题:本题考查了学生的推理及引申能力，考生需要对第四段有一个总体的把握和细节的追究。第四段主要讲了Friedman对于互联网的态度如何，以及他们公司是如何利用互联网来进行盈利的，文中举出了乌克兰（Ukraine）为例说明了他们公司利用网络对于形势的预测水平。A选项的说法是主观推断，因为文中并没有提及关于乌克兰的预测是否正确，属于过度推断；B选项说法太过绝对，根据常识我们也知道互联网的信息不能保证百分百正确，并且在文中第四段的最后一句说了“这些开放资源的利用也是有风险的”，这一句也提示了我们信息并不一定是百分百正确的；C选项说他们公司的特点是不可预测性，这一点在全文中均未体现，并且该公司就是做风险预测的，更不存在公司的特点是不可预测性这一说；D选项的话，根据第四段的最后一句，“互联网收集情报有风险，而该公司会帮助客户辨别信息真伪”可以推断出，该公司的信息还是有一定的可靠性的，虽然不能保证百分百真实，但是还是经过筛选的信息，较为可靠。

第5题:本题考查了考生对最后一段的理解程度，解题的关键是本段的最后一句话：“Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.”这句话告诉了我们Straitford公司引以为傲的是它有着独立的立场，这就是它不同于其他公司的独特之处，而B选项“nonconformistimage”的意思就是有自己独特的形象，不默守陈规，因此B选项是正确答案的转述，答案为B。

15.单选题

Herjewellery______underthespotlight.

问题1选项

A.glanced

B.flattered

C.burned

D.glittered

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项glance“瞥闪，瞥见，扫视”，B项flatter“奉承，谄媚”，C项burn“燃烧，烧毁，灼伤”，D项glitter“闪光，闪烁”。根据句子关键词jewellery“珠宝”可知，D项最符合语境。句意：她的首饰在聚光灯下闪闪发光。因此，该题选择D项正确。

16.单选题

TheHumanStain,directedbyRobertBentonfromascreenplaybyNicholasMeyer,isanhonorableB+termpaperofamovie:sober,scrupulousandearnestlyrespectfulofitsliterarysource.Thisispreciselytheproblem:thatsource,PhilipRoth’s2000novelisnotespeciallysober,scrupulousorrespectful.Itisanangry,ungainlysquallyofabook,aclamorousdefenseofsexualvitalityinanageofPuritancensoriousnessandalyricalinquiryintothemysteriesofrace,oldageandrecent.Americanhistory.LikemuchofMr.Roth’srecentwork,TheHumanStainburstswithcharactersandideas,anditsapparentlyhaphazardorganizationdisguisesanelegantandcunningnarrativestrategy.

ThefilmmakersexplicateMr.Roth’sthemeswithadmirableclarityandcareandobservehischaracterswithdelicatefondness,buttheycannothopetoapproximatethebrillianceandrapacityofhisvoice,whichholdsallthenovels’disparateelementstogether.WithouttheactiveinterventionofMr.Roth’sintelligencethestoryfailstocohere.Itspeoplewanderthroughastrangelyartificiallandscape,andtheideashoverintheairabovethemlikecloudspaintedonabackdrop.

ZuckermanplayedbyGarySinisehasretreatedtoalakesidecabininNewEngland,hopingtofindpeaceandquietaftertwodivorcesandaboutofprostatecancer.

HissolitudeisinterruptedonenightbythearrivalofColemanSilkplayedbyAnthonyHopkins,aformerdeanandclassicsprofessoratnearbyAthenaCollege,whowasforcedtoresignafterbeingaccusedofmakingracistremarksduringalecture.Coleman,whosewifediedsuddenlyinthewakeofthescandal,wantstotakerevengeonhisformercolleaguesbywritingabook.HeputsthisprojectasideoncehefallsintoarevivifyingaffairwithFauniaFarleyplayedbyNicoleKidman,adamaged,desolateandilliterate34-year-oldwhodoesmenialjobsatthecollege,thepostofficeandalocaldairyfarmTheirsexualidyllismenacedbythefacultybusybodieswhochasedColemanfromhisjob,andalsobyFaunia’sformerhusband,Lester(EdHarris),aderangedVietnamveteranwhosuedtobeatherandnowstalksherinhisbigredpickuptruck.

Whatkeepsthemovie,whichopenstodaynationwide,fromdriftingintheSargassoSeaofliteraryhigh-mindednessisthevitalityoftheacting.Mr.Bentionisthekindofdirectorwhoseaffectionandrespectforactorsseepthroughthescreen;hissolicitudeseemstoopenthemup.

ThatMr.HopkinsandMs.Kidmanaremiscastisalmostaxiomatic.Ms.Kidmantriestoovercomethisbysheerforceofwill,strugglingtostiflehernaturalradiance,blunthercrystallinevoiceandblurherfinefeatures,andshecomesclosertosucceedingthanyoumightexpect.Mr.Hopkins,forhispart,mustbattleamoreglaringdiscrepancy,andhedoessowithswingingnonchalance.ColemanSilkisablackmanwhohaspassedforwhiteformostofhisadultlife,stylinghimselfasthefirstJewishclassicisteverhiredatAthena.

Thesepeculiaritiesofcastingmatterlessthantheymight;orratherhowmuchtheymatterchangesfromscenetoscene.Thefilmincludessomesex,aboxingmatchandanoccasionalburstofdancing,butmostoftheactionconsistsoftwocharactersinaroomtalking.Someofthesemoments-alateconfrontationbetweenLesterandZuckerman,abreakfasttablequarrelbetweenFaunniaandColeman,ameetingofthemindsbetweenFaunniaandalarge,cagedcrow-areawkwardlypacedandplaced,butmanyothersarealivewithhumanpainandheat.

Someofthebestperformancesareinsecondaryroles.JacindaBarrettiswonderfullytouchingasColeman’sfirstgreatlove,ablondMidwesternertowhomhedecides,heedlesslyandalittlecruelly,todivulgethesecretofhisrace.Ms.Snuth,herfaceamaskofmaternalstoicism,bringshomethetragedyofColeman’sdecisiontopassforwhitewithaspeechsodrilyandevenlyenunciatedthatitslaceratinginsightonlyregistersoncethecamerahasturnedaway.

Atitsbeat-whichalsotendstobeatitsquietes—TheHumanStainallowsyoubothtocareaboutitscharactersandtothinkaboutthelargerissuesthattheirlivesrepresent.Itsdeepestflawisaninabilitytolinkthosemomentsofempathyandinsightintoacontinuousdrama,tosuggestthatthecharacters’liveskeepgoingwhentheyarenotonscreen.Thefilm’spowerfulindividualscenesseemlikeexcerptsfromamissingwhole,well-appointedroomsinahousewhosebeamsandgirdershavebeencutaway.

1.ThehumanStainisa（）.

2.TheHumanStain（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingistheflawofTheHumanStainintheauthor’sopinion?

4.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeapossiblecommentmadebytheauthor?

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsTheHumanStainis（）.

问题1选项

A.respectablescreenplay

B.scrupulousnovel

C.characteristicbook

D.moviewithmanycharacters

问题2选项

A.Failstomakethestorycoherent

B.wasproducedbyagoodwriter

C.hasthebestactorsandactresses

D.isfullofmysteriouslandscapes

问题3选项

A.Itisnotfromagoodscreenplay.

B.Someactorsarenotsuitablefortheirroles.

C.Thereistoomuchtalkingbetweenpeople.

D.Ms.KidmanandMr.Hopkinsarepooractors.

问题4选项

A.TheHumanStainismysteriousandunscrupulous.

B.TheHumanStainissober,scrupulousandrespectful.

C.TheHumanStaindoesnottellusacoherentstory.

D.TheHumanStainwellrevealshumanweaknesses.

问题5选项

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.sympathetic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题题。由题干可定位到文章第一段第一句“TheHumanStain,directedbyRobertBentonfromascreenplaybyNicholasMeyer,isanhonorableB+termpaperofamovie:sober,scrupulousandearnestlyrespectfulofitsliterarysource.（改编自NicholasMeyer的剧本，由RobertBenton执导的《人性的污点》是一篇令人尊敬的关于电影的B+学期论文报告：冷静、谨慎、认真地尊重它的文学来源。）”。由此可知《人性的污点》是一篇学期论文报告。A选项“值得尊敬的剧本”；B选项“谨慎的小说”；C选项“特色书籍”；D选项“有许多角色的电影”，因此C选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干定位到文章第二段的第二句话“WithouttheactiveinterventionofMr.Roth’sintelligencethestoryfailstocohere.（如果没有Mr.Roth的参与，本书所述的衔接就成了问题）”。由此可知该书有一位很好的作者。A选项“不能使故事连贯”说法错误；B选项“是一位好作家写的”正确；C选项“有最好的男女演员”和D选项“充满了神秘的风景”文章都没有提到，因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位到文章第六段第一句“ThatMr.HopkinsandMs.Kidmanaremiscastisalmostaxiomatic.（霍普金斯先生和基德曼女士选错角色几乎是不言自明的。）”。由此可知作者认为有些演员并不适合其角色扮演。A选项“它不是出自一个好的剧本”；C选项“角色之间的对话太多了”；D选项“基德曼女士和霍普金斯先生都是可怜的演员”都不符合题意，B选项“有些演员不适合他们的角色”符合题意，因此B选项正确。

4.作者意图题。根据全文可知，作者描述了《人性的污点》中的主要情节以及主要人物的命运，最后一段作者说道“Atitsbeat-whichalsotendstobeatitsquietest——TheHumanStainallowsyoubothtocareaboutitscharactersandtothinkaboutthelargerissuesthattheirlivesrepresent.（关于它的节奏，往往是最安静的——《人性的污点》让你既关心它的人物，并思考他们的生活所代表的更大的问题。）”，由此可知作者对该书的认识很深刻。A选项“《人类的污点》是神秘而不讲道德的”；B选项“《人类的污点》是冷静、细心、恭敬的”；C选项“《人类的污点》并没有告诉我们一个连贯的故事”；都不太符合题意。D选项“《人类的污点》充分暴露了人类的弱点”最符合题意，因此D选项正确。

5.观点态度题。由最后一段“Itsdeepestflawisaninabilitytolinkthosemomentsofempathyandinsightintoacontinuousdrama,tosuggestthatthecharacters’liveskeepgoingwhentheyarenotonscreen.（它最大的缺陷是无法将这些同理心和洞察力与持续不断的剧情联系起来，无法暗示出角色不在屏幕上时，他们的生活仍在继续。）”可知作者指出本书有成功的一面也有一些缺陷。A选项“消极的”、B选项“积极的”、D选项“同情的”都不正确，C选项“中肯的”符合题意，因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

Thelawyerpromisedtogotogreattodefendhim.

问题1选项

A.lengths

B.measures

C.efforts

D.endeavors

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项lengthsn.长度（指距离，时间）；B选项measuresn.方法，对策；C选项effortsn.努力；D选项endeavorn.努力，尽力。gotogreatlengths表示“竭尽全力；不遗余力”，因此，正确答案是A项。句意：律师向他保证会竭尽全力为他辩护。

18.单选题

Akilnisatypeofoveninwhichclayis（

）sothatithardensintoaformofceramicmaterial.

问题1选项

A.repaired

B.baked

C.melted

D.lightened

【答案】B

【解析】repair修理，修补；bake烤，烘焙；melt使融化，使软化；lighten使照亮，使轻松。句意：窑是一种把黏土烧制变硬成为陶瓷材料的炉子。选项B符合语境。

19.单选题

Basedonthe（

）thateverybusinessisnowfreetoformulateitsownstrategyinlightofthechangingmarket,IwouldpredictamarketimprovementintheefficiencyofChinaseconomy.

问题1选项

A.guidance

B.instruction

C.premise

D.eminence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。guidance“指导”；instruction“指令，指示”；premise“前提”；eminence“卓越，著名”。句意：基于任何企业都可以根据市场变化自由确定发展战略这一点，我估计中国经济市场的效率会提高。选项C符合题意。

20.单选题

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendoft