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WelcometoourclassGrammarandusage---NounClauses
名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句主语、表语、宾语和同位语。所以,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1.Whenwewillstart
isnotclear.2.Shewon’tbelieve
thathersonhasbecomeathief.3.Myideais
thatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.Ihadnoidea
thatyouwereherfriend.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句I名词性从句种类主语从句普通有三种结构:1.主语从句+谓语Thatshewillwinthematchiscertain.2.It+be+形容词(名词词组、过去分词)+that从句Itisimportant
thatweteensshouldlearnEnglish.Itisgoodnewsthathewillattendthemeetingonbehalfofourschool.Itissaidthatourschoolwillholdasportsmeeting3.It+seem(happen,appear等不及物动词)+that从句ItseemsthatKatyisnotcomingtothisparty.宾语从句结构主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用句子叫宾语从句,宾语从句放在及物动词或介词之后作宾语。Idon'tknow
whyheisalwayslateforschool.Weallagreewithwhatyousaidatthemeeting.宾语从句表语从句
表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。1.be,look,remain,等系动词后均可跟表语从句:Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.2.asif
也可引导表语从句。
Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.
3.thereasonwhy…isthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。ItwasbecauseIgotuplate.同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作同位语,它普通要放在主句中一些名词后面,说明这些名词含义。可跟同位语从句名词主要有:
fact,news,promise,reason,idea,hope,word,belief等。Beijing,thecapitalofChina,ismyhometown.Weheardthenews
thatourteamhadwon.
Wewerehappytohearthenews
thatwasannouncedbyourboss.定语从句同位语从句同位语短语
1.(山东)____wasmostimportanttoherwasherfamily.
A.itB.thisC.WhatD.as2.(北京,31)Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee_____itgotanybetter.A.WhenB.howC.whyD.if3.(全国I,23)Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas_____wedidthismorning.A.WhenB.whichC.whereD.what4.(浙江,12)Isthereanypossibility_____youcouldpickmeup
attheairport?---Noproblem.A.WhenB.thatC.whetherD.what主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句☆☆☆☆
I.名词性从句引导词:连接词:that、if、whether不作成份无意义2.连接代词
:who、whom、whose、what、
which3.连接副词:when、where、why、how“是否”作状语作主/宾/表注意:区分if与whether1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_______thisbookisworthwriting.whether
/ifwhetherwhether5.Itdependson_______wewillhaveenoughmoney.6._______theycandoitmatterslittletous.7._____youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whetherWhetherIf请你归纳a.主语从句并在句首
b.表语从句
c.同位语从句
e.介词后宾语从句
f.直接加动词不定式只能用whether(todo)gwhetherornot
直接连用时不用if只能使用whether
情况:请你归纳If表-是否-惯用于动词后宾语从句1.____theOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That2._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where高考题选萃☆☆that表必定意义whether表疑问Thereisnodoubt____hewillwinthefirstplace.that
that与what
区分Whathesaidmakesmehappy.Thatanewteacherwillcomeistrue.that
只起连接作用,无意义,在从句中不充当任何成份,且在宾语从句中有时可省(动词后)。
what
既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语
(且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语)31._______hesaidsomadeusangry._______hesaidatthemeetingmadeusangry.2.Acomputercanonlydo_________youhaveinstructedittodo.(01全国)3.中国不再是过去样子了。4.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin______wasawastelandtenyearsago.(04天津)
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whereThatWhatChinaisnolonger______itusedtobe.what☆what1.
That
hewillsucceediscertain
.2.
Whether
hewillgothereisnotknown.3.
What
hesaidisnottrue.4.
Where
hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5.
Whoever
comesiswelcome.SubjectClause主语从句
请思索?注意点1).主语从句一律用陈说句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.例:
误:Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,但不能省略.例:
误:Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.正:Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.正:Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.除了动词后宾从3).whoever,whatever,whichever等词能够引导主语从句,但nomatterwho,nomatterwhat等不能.Whoeverbreakstheschoolrulesmustbepunished.试比较:Whoever
breakstheschoolsrules,hemustbepunished.
Nomatterwho
breakstheschoolrules,hemustbepunished.让步状语从句主语从句1.__________wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2._______weneedismoretime.3._______hastakenawaymybagisunknown.4.__________breaksthelawwillbepunished.
WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverAnyonewho1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。___________________________isapity.2.他来不来不主要。________________________doesn’t
matter.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…ThathemadesuchamistakeItisapitythat…考点4:it作形式主语(主从),形式宾语(宾从)
it作形式主语Whetherhewillcomeornot
Itisreported/thought/said/predictedthat…Itisclear/necessary/certainthat…
Itisapity/ashame/anhonorthat…
Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…
Itseems/appearsthat…
Ithappensthat…
Canyouunderstandthem?1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.
3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.
4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.
5.Is_____hetoldustrue?
6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacheris
saying.
7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.
8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.
WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat1)(浙江)
____wanttostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A).anyoneB).theoneC).whoeverD).who2)____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(93)
A).whatB).thatC).thefactD).thematter3)(浙江)
____isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.A).AsB).ThatC).thisD).It
挑战高考1.Iwondered
_______youweresoangry.2.Italldependson_______theywillsupportus.3.Ican’timagine_______madehimactlikethat.4.I’mdelighted_______Ihave
passedtheexam.5.Ifinditnecessary_______
weshoulddothehomework.用适当连接词填空why
whether
what
that
that宾语从句请思索?二.宾语从句1.宾语从句引导词:
宾语从句连接词与引导主语从句连接词相同.2.注意点1)宾语从句一律用陈说句语序.2)引导宾语从句连词that也无实际意义,多数情况下能够省略.3)whether和if都能够引导宾语从句
但:
(1)当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if
例:Idon’tknow_______Iwillstayornot.
(2)介词后面宾语从句不能用if
例:Iworryabout__________Ihurtherfeeling.whetherwhether4)that在宾语从句中省略与保留(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)句型中不省略.例:Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.(2).由连词and连接两个由that引导宾语从句中,that不省略.例:Hetoldmethathewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.it指代后面从句所叙述内容,惯用like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it+if或when从句
5)it作形式宾语
make/find/feel/consider/thinkit+adj/n+that…/todo…Ihateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.1.
I’vegottomakeclearthathetoldalie.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.()A.thisB.thatC.itD.one3.他发觉极难使他人了解他.Hefound_________________________________.ititdifficulttomakehimselfunderstoodit1)(山东,26)Theshopkeeperdidn’twanttosellfor
____
hethoughtwasnotenough.A).whereB).HowC).whatD).which2)(全国I,16)---whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?---Theyalwaysletmedo____IthinkIshould.
A).whenB).thatC).howD).what
挑战高考Translation问题是我们是否能够信任他。我提议买台大电脑。她看起来要哭了。ThequestionisMysuggestionis
Helooked表语从句
whether
wecanrelyonhim.asif
hewasgoingtocry.that
we(should)buyabigcomputer.请思索?2.注意点1)表语从句一律用陈说句语序.2)表语从句引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.3)表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if引导.4)不要使用Thereason…isbecausethat…句型,应使用Thereason…isthat…或This/it/that/
isbecause…等句型.比如:今天早上他迟到原因是因为路上行人太多.误:Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.正:Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.
或:Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.1.
(江西,33)Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists____theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A).whatB).whichC).thoughD).that2.(辽宁,29)Doyouhaveanyidea____isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A).thatB).whatC).asD).which真题荟萃同位语从句1)Thefact
thathewaskilledmadeussurprised.2)Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.3)Weheardthenews
thatourteamhadwon.
4)Canyoufindtheanswertothe
question
whatwaswrongwiththecomputer?5)Hemadeasuggestion
thatwe(should)readsomeoriginalEnglishliteratureworks.1.同位语从句引导词:
that,whether,how,when,where,why等引导。that引导同位语从句前面名词常见有:
idea,fact,news,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion;proof,message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,word等.2.同位语从句和定语从句区分:
假如that作从句中某一成份,则是定语从句,假如that不作从句中任何成份,则是同位语从句.例:(1)Ihadnoideathatitwassolate.
(主系表结构,that不作从句中成份,同位语从句)(2)Istillremembertheplacethatwevisited
lastyear.(主谓宾结构,that作从句中宾语,定语从句)同位语从句简易判断方法:我们能够在名词和从句之间加be,使之组成一个新句子,假如合乎逻辑,句子通顺,则是同位语从句,定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来。eg:Thebeliefthattheearthisflatisstillheldinsomecountries.
Thebeliefisthattheearthisflat.1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.判断:定语从句(AT),同位语从句(AP)2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportiscoming.3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.
5.Weexpressedthehopethattheywouldcome
toChinaagain.APATAPATAP
注意问题:语序1.Thephotographswillshowyou_______.(MET89)
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike从句一定用陈说语序1.(09四川8).Newscamefromtheschooloffice_____XiaoLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where2.(09天津9).Itisobvioustothestudents______theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that3.(06上海)Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris______itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.
A.how
B.why
C.that
D.when
高考链接同位语从句主语从句表语从句4.(上海春季)Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howCwhetherD.why5.(2006江苏)Wehaven'tsettledthequestionof_____itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.
AifBwhereCwhetherDthat
6.(96NMET)_______we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.If
B.Whether
C.That
D.Where表语从句宾语从句主语从句7.(NMET)________shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.that;what
B.what;why
C.what;because
D.why;that8.(09湖南)Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo
ittakestosaveherlife.A.whicheverB.howeverCwhateverD.whoever9.(09海南)CouldIspeakto
isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever主语从句宾语从句宾语从句10.(96NMET)_______wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan________wehave.
A.what;what
B.what;that
C.that;that
D.that;what11.(07全国卷II)____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.A.whatB.whyC.whereD.which12.(08天津卷)
Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_____wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.why主语从句主语从句表语从句考点名词性从句在句中要用____语序,从句引导词必须一直置于______考点1.语序问题
1.Noonecanbesure____inamillionyears.whatwillmanlooklikeB.whatmanwilllooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike陈说总结归纳:2.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited句首考点2.
时态问题2.Ourphysicsteacheroncetoldusthatlight__________(
travel)
s总结归纳:3)主句动词用普通现在时,从句谓语可依据需要选取各种时态1.Hesaidthathewillgotothestation..3.TomsaysthatMary____(go)
abroadlastyear
and_________(be)therefornearly5months.1)主句动词用过去时,从句谓语动词用过去某种时态2)主句动词用过去时,从句表示客观事实,格言,谚语等,从句谓语动词用普通现在时wenthasbeenwould考点3
主谓一致问题何时开会还没有决定。
Whenthemeetingwillbegin
_____(have)notbeendecidedyet.他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurdered______(is/are)stillunknown.单个主语从句作主语时,谓语动词普通用_____形式。假如是两个或两个以上主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用_____形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用_____形式。
总结归纳:单数复数hasWhentheywillstartandwheretheywillgo_____(have)stillunknown.何时何地开会还没有决定。Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin_____(have)notbeendecidedyet.havehas单数基本句型:Itis+形容词、名词、过去分词+that...
+(should)do
a.
Itisimportant(necessary,natural,strange,advisableetc)+thatb.Itisapity(ashame,nowonderetc)+thatc.Itissuggested(ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insistedetc)+that1.Itisorderedthathe_____theexamination?
A.takes B.hastotakeC.musttake D.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.
A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold考点4虚拟语气a)主语从句中虚拟语气总结归纳:Wesuggestedthatthemeeting___________A.shouldputoffB.beputoffC.wasputoffD.puttingoff总结归纳:①表示提议、要求、命令,坚持等动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist.request、command、order后从句谓语动词用
__________________________注意suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时,insist表示“坚持认为”之意时,从句按需要来选择时态(should)+do/bedoneThesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathe______(was/be/is)satisfiedwithourwork.was考点4虚拟语气b)宾语从句中虚拟语气Ⅰa.I
wish
I
______(know)
the
answernow.
b.I
wish
he__________(pass)
the
examyesterday.c.I
wish
I
________(fly)
to
the
moon
in
a
few
years.
对现在虚拟时,that从句中谓语用过去时对过去虚拟时,用had+过去分词对未来虚拟时,用would
(might等)+动词原形knewhad
passedwould
fly总结归纳:②考点4虚拟语气b)宾语从句中虚拟语气Ⅱ
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即________________________His
suggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.
A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry2.The
ordergivenbythecommanderwasthatthey_____untilthecommanderallowedtheyto.
A.stoppedB.didn’tstopC.stopD.notstop考点4虚拟语气c)表语和同位语从句中虚拟语气总结归纳:(should)+do/bedone1.Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.(09天津)Itisobvioustothestudentswhethertheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.4.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.itItthatwhether找出以下句子中错误总结归纳:当主语从句较长,而谓语较短时,经常将从句______,而用it作为形式主语置于句首。it也可作形式宾语。
后置考点5it作形式主语和形式宾语1._____isknowntousallthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.(福建2008)A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which 2.Hedidn’tmake____clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.(天津卷)A.thisB.thatC.itD.theseExercises_____isknowntousall,theOlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.what表什么(无选择范围)which表选择,哪一个(有选择范围)
1.---Doyouknow______MissZhu’saddressis?---ShemayliveatNo.3orNo.4ofXianxingroad.I’mnotsureof_________.2.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_______itwas?(01北京春季)whatwhich总结归纳:No.3orNo.4somebookorotherwhich考点6连接词a)what/which考点6
连接词总结归纳:________等同类词既能够引导名词性从句,也能够引导让步状语从句,而____________等只能引导让步状语从句。whateverNomatterwhat____________yougoand__________youdo,I’llberightherewaitingforyou.whereverwhateverNomatterwherenomatterwhat离开房间任何人应该把灯关掉。_________________________oughttoturnoffthelight.他全部任何东西都被日本士兵站占领了。_________________wasseizedbytheJapanesesoldiers.WhoeverleavestheroomlastWhateverhehadb)whatever/whoever/不论,不论…however/whomever/whichever/…1.(09湖南)2.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo__ittakestosaveherlife.A.whichever
B.however C.whatever
D.whoever2.____,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.
A.HoweverlateheisB.Howeverheislate
C.NomatterhowlateheisD.Nomatterhowheislate3.______wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.(浙江)
A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who
ExercisesThathewantstogothereisobvious.Iamsurethathewillcometomorrow.Thenewsthatourteamwonthematchinspiredus.Theresultisthatwewonthegame.成份有没有词义备注that无无宾语从句中可省,其余不可省是否无主语,宾语,表语有1)that与whether区分()1.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt_____acureforAIDSwillbefound.(05广东卷)2.Wedoubt__________hewilldefeattheothers.3.Theproblemis_______wehaveenoughtime.4.Itdoesn’tmatter_______youcomeornot5.Italldependson_______theskyisgoingtoclearup.
A.ifB.thatC./D.whetherwhether/ifwhetherwhatthatwhetherwhetherwhether2)whether和if区分That表确定whether表是否1)主语从句/表语从句/同位语从句/介词后用whether2)Whetherornot连用1._____(What/That/whether)wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.(08山东卷)2.____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.What;whatB.what;thatC.That;thatD.That;what3._____madetheschoolproudwas
morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What…whether B.What…that
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