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大学英语
跨文化交际Chapter7CulturalPatterns
黑龙江大学外语部大学英语
跨文化交际Chapter7Cultural1Learningobjectives:Inthischapter,theteachershouldenablethestudentsto:1.understandthedefinitionofculturalpatterns.2.describethecomponentsofculturalpatterns.summarizethetheoryaboutculturalpatterns.4.evaluatetheimportanceofculturalpatterns.Chapter7CulturalPatternsLearningobjectives:Int2ChapterOutlineCulturalPatternsBeliefsValuesHumanNaturePerson-NatureComponentsEdwardTHall’sContext-CultureTheoryKluckhohnandStrodtbeck’sValueOrientationDefinition
NormsSocialPracticesTimeActivityRelationalIndividualismandCollectivismUncertaintyAvoidancePowerdistanceMasculinity–FemininityHigh-contextLow-contextWaysofThinkingWaysofActingHofstede’sDimensionsofCulturalVariabilityChapter7CulturalPatternsChapterOutlineCulturalPatte3Lead-inCase:MarriageandSocialstatusWhydidShaeedquittheideaofmarryingtheIndonesianyounglady,eventhoughtheylovedeachotherverymuch?(2)InwhatwaydidtheIndonesianyounglady’smotherrefuseShaheed’smother’smarriageproposal?Andwhatdidshemeanbyservingbananaswiththetea?(3)HowdoesthiscasereflectthewaysofIndonesiancommunication?
Chapter7CulturalPatternsLead-inCase:MarriageandSoc41.Waysofthinking
culturalpatternsaresharedmentalprogramsthatgovernspecificbehaviorchoices.
2.Waysofacting
Culturalpatternsarenotsomuchconsciouslytaughtasunconsciouslyexperiencedasaby-productofday-to-dayactivities
TextA:DefiningculturalpatternsChapter7
CulturalPatterns1.WaysofthinkingTextA:De5
TextB:ComponentsofCulturalPatternsChapter7CulturalPatternsCulturalpatternsSocialPracticesNorms
BeliefsValuesTextB:ComponentsofCultura6
Abeliefisanideathatpeopleassumetobetrueabouttheworld.
Forexample:1)awidelysharedbeliefdatesbacktothetimewhenEuropeansbelievedthattheearthwasflat2)abeliefformanyEuropeanAmericansisthatin“reality”thereisaseparationbetweenthephysicalandspiritualworlds.
BeliefsChapter7CulturalPatternsAbeliefisanideathatpeop7Values
Valuesinvolvewhatacultureregardsasgoodorbad,rightorwrong,fairorunfair,justorunjust,beautifulorugly,cleanordirty,valuableorworthless,appropriateorinappropriate,andkindorcruel.Chapter7CulturalPatternsValuesValuesinvolvewh8Norms
Normsarethesociallysharedexpectationsofappropriatebehaviors.Normsmaychangeoveraperiodoftime,whereasbeliefsandvaluestendtobemuchmoreenduring.Chapter7CulturalPatternsNormsNormsarethesocially9SocialPracticesSocialpracticesarethepredictablebehaviorpatternsthatmembersofaculturetypicallyfollow.Thus,socialpracticesaretheoutwardmanifestationsofbeliefs,values,andnorms.Chapter7CulturalPatternsSocialPracticesSocialpract10TextC:EdwardT.Hall’sContext-culturetheory1）Thedefinitionofcontext:“theinformationthatsurroundsanevent;itisinextricablyboundupwiththemeaningoftheevent.”2）Categorizationofhigh-contextcultureandlow-contextculturedependingonthedegreetowhichmeaningcomesfromthesettingsorfromthewordsbeingexchanged.Chapter7CulturalPatternsTextC:EdwardT.Hall’sConte11High-contextculture“Ahighcontext(HC)communicationormessageisoneinwhichmostoftheinformationisalreadyintheperson,whileverylittleisinthecoded,explicitlytransmittedpartofthemessage.TeaCeremony
Chapter7CulturalPatternsHigh-contextculture“Ahighc12Low-contextcultureAlowcontext(LC)communicationisjusttheopposite;i.e.,themassoftheinformationisvestedintheexplicitcode.”AnAmericanstandingonchairinrestaurantgivingspeechathisleavinghishometown
Chapter7CulturalPatternsLow-contextcultureAlowconte13CulturesArrangedAlongtheHigh-ContextandLow-ContextDimension
High-ContextCulturesJapaneseChineseKoreanAfricanAmericanNativeAmericanArabGreekLatinItalianEnglishFrenchAmericanScandinavianGermanGerman-SwissLower-ContextCulturesChapter7CulturalPatternsCulturesArrangedAlongtheHi14CaseAnalysis-“wrongsignals”(1)Whatistheproblemshowninthiscase?(2)WhydidNingTongkeepsilent?Whatinformationdoyouthinkhewantedtoconvey?(3)WhydidTomgetsoangry?WhatishisinterpretationofNingTong’ssilence?
Chapter7CulturalPatternsCaseAnalysis-“wrongsignals15What’sthevaluesreflected
inthefollowingproverbs?
Bloodisthickerthanwater.Timeismoney.Aman’shouseishiscastle.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.人之初，性本善。天人感应。一人得道，鸡犬升天。以人为鉴，可以明得失；以史为鉴，可以知兴替。Chapter7
CulturalPatternsWhat’sthevaluesreflected
i16Hinduethics
1.Humannatureorientation2.Person-natureorientation3.Timeorientation
4.Activityorientation
5.RelationalorientationTextD:KluckhohnandStrodtbeck’svalueorientationChapter7CulturalPatternsHinduethics
TextD:Chapt171.Humannature
orientation
(1)Humansareevilbutchangeable,(2)humansareevilandunchangeable,(3)humansareneutralwithrespecttogoodandevil,(4)humansareamixtureofgoodandevil,(5)humansaregoodbutchangeable,and(6)humansaregoodandunchangeable.goodbutcorruptible
evilbutperfectible
Chapter7CulturalPatterns1.Humannatureorientation182.Person-natureorientation(1)
masterywithnature（注：图片为愚公移山）(2)
harmonywithnature（注：图片为中药材）(3)subjugationtonature（注：图片为印尼海啸）subjugationtonatureharmonywithnaturemasterywithnature
masterywithnatureChapter7CulturalPatterns2.Person-natureorientation(193.Timeorientation
a.
Value-PastOrientation
b.Value-PresentOrientation
c.Value-FutureOrientationChapter7CulturalPatterns
3.TimeorientationChapter7C204.Activityorientationa.Value-DoingOrientation
b.Value-BeingOrientation
c.Value-Being-in-BecomingOrientation
Chapter7CulturalPatterns4.Activityorientationa.Valu215.Relationalorientationa.Value-IndividualismOrientation
b.Value-LinealityOrientation
c.Value-CollateralityOrientation
Chapter7CulturalPatterns5.Relationalorientationa.Va22ExploringIdeasWhatwouldyouaddorchangetomoreaccuratelyexpresstheChineseorientationtorelation?Istherelationalorientationchanging?Whatisyourevidence?
Chapter7CulturalPatternsExploringIdeasWhatwouldyou23TextE:Hofstede’sculturaldimensions1.Individualismversuscollectivism2.Uncertaintyavoidance3.Powerdistance4.Masculinityversusfemininity
Chapter7CulturalPatternsTextE:Hofstede’sculturaldi241.Individualismversuscollectivism
Thecharacteristicsofculturesthatvalueindividualism
People’spersonalgoalstakepriorityovertheirgroupslikethefamilyortheemployer.Theloyaltyofindividualiststoagivengroupisveryweak.Peoplefeeltheybelongtomanygroupsandareapttochangetheirmembershipasitsuitsthem,switchingchurches,forexample,orleavingoneemployerforanother.----DanielGoleman
Chapter7CulturalPatterns1.Individualismversuscollec252.UncertaintyavoidanceUncertaintyavoidancedealswiththedegreetowhichmembersofaculturetrytoavoiduncertainty.Hofstedesummarizestheviewofpeopleinhighuncertaintyavoidanceculturesas“whatisdifferent,isdangerous,”andthebeliefofpeopleinlowuncertaintyavoidanceculturesas“whatisdifferent,iscurious”.Chapter7CulturalPatterns2.UncertaintyavoidanceUncert263.PowerDistancePowerdistanceis“theextenttowhichthelesspowerfulmembersofinstitutionsandorganizationsacceptthatpowerisdistributedunequally”.Howdoyouinterprettherelationshipbetweenthefollowingpairsinbothhighandlowpowerdistanceculture
?parents-childrenteacher-studentboss-employeeChapter7CulturalPatterns3.PowerDistancePowerdistanc274.Masculinityandfemininity
Inmasculineculturesbothmanandwomenarerelativelytough,andsocialgenderrolesareclearlydistinct.Menaresupposedtobeassertive,tough,andfocusedonmaterialsuccess,whereaswomenaresupposedtobemoremodest,tenderandconcernedwiththequalityoflife.Infeminineculturessocialgenderroles
overlap.Inthesecultures,nooneshouldfightandnooneshouldbetooambitious.Everyoneshouldbeconcernedwithmaintaininggoodrelationshipswithothers.Bothmenandwomenaresupposedtobemodest,tender,andconcernedwiththequalityoflife.Chapter7CulturalPatterns4.Masculinityandfemininity28ExploringIdeas:
HowdoyouexplainthesignificantlylowerscoreforHongKongascomparedtoTaiwanandSingaporeonHofstede’sRankingofFortyCountriesorRegionsonMasculinityandFemininity?Chapter7CulturalPatternsExploringIdeas:
Howdoyoue29大学英语
跨文化交际Chapter7CulturalPatterns
黑龙江大学外语部大学英语
跨文化交际Chapter7Cultural30Learningobjectives:Inthischapter,theteachershouldenablethestudentsto:1.understandthedefinitionofculturalpatterns.2.describethecomponentsofculturalpatterns.summarizethetheoryaboutculturalpatterns.4.evaluatetheimportanceofculturalpatterns.Chapter7CulturalPatternsLearningobjectives:Int31ChapterOutlineCulturalPatternsBeliefsValuesHumanNaturePerson-NatureComponentsEdwardTHall’sContext-CultureTheoryKluckhohnandStrodtbeck’sValueOrientationDefinition
NormsSocialPracticesTimeActivityRelationalIndividualismandCollectivismUncertaintyAvoidancePowerdistanceMasculinity–FemininityHigh-contextLow-contextWaysofThinkingWaysofActingHofstede’sDimensionsofCulturalVariabilityChapter7CulturalPatternsChapterOutlineCulturalPatte32Lead-inCase:MarriageandSocialstatusWhydidShaeedquittheideaofmarryingtheIndonesianyounglady,eventhoughtheylovedeachotherverymuch?(2)InwhatwaydidtheIndonesianyounglady’smotherrefuseShaheed’smother’smarriageproposal?Andwhatdidshemeanbyservingbananaswiththetea?(3)HowdoesthiscasereflectthewaysofIndonesiancommunication?
Chapter7CulturalPatternsLead-inCase:MarriageandSoc331.Waysofthinking
culturalpatternsaresharedmentalprogramsthatgovernspecificbehaviorchoices.
2.Waysofacting
Culturalpatternsarenotsomuchconsciouslytaughtasunconsciouslyexperiencedasaby-productofday-to-dayactivities
TextA:DefiningculturalpatternsChapter7
CulturalPatterns1.WaysofthinkingTextA:De34
TextB:ComponentsofCulturalPatternsChapter7CulturalPatternsCulturalpatternsSocialPracticesNorms
BeliefsValuesTextB:ComponentsofCultura35
Abeliefisanideathatpeopleassumetobetrueabouttheworld.
Forexample:1)awidelysharedbeliefdatesbacktothetimewhenEuropeansbelievedthattheearthwasflat2)abeliefformanyEuropeanAmericansisthatin“reality”thereisaseparationbetweenthephysicalandspiritualworlds.
BeliefsChapter7CulturalPatternsAbeliefisanideathatpeop36Values
Valuesinvolvewhatacultureregardsasgoodorbad,rightorwrong,fairorunfair,justorunjust,beautifulorugly,cleanordirty,valuableorworthless,appropriateorinappropriate,andkindorcruel.Chapter7CulturalPatternsValuesValuesinvolvewh37Norms
Normsarethesociallysharedexpectationsofappropriatebehaviors.Normsmaychangeoveraperiodoftime,whereasbeliefsandvaluestendtobemuchmoreenduring.Chapter7CulturalPatternsNormsNormsarethesocially38SocialPracticesSocialpracticesarethepredictablebehaviorpatternsthatmembersofaculturetypicallyfollow.Thus,socialpracticesaretheoutwardmanifestationsofbeliefs,values,andnorms.Chapter7CulturalPatternsSocialPracticesSocialpract39TextC:EdwardT.Hall’sContext-culturetheory1）Thedefinitionofcontext:“theinformationthatsurroundsanevent;itisinextricablyboundupwiththemeaningoftheevent.”2）Categorizationofhigh-contextcultureandlow-contextculturedependingonthedegreetowhichmeaningcomesfromthesettingsorfromthewordsbeingexchanged.Chapter7CulturalPatternsTextC:EdwardT.Hall’sConte40High-contextculture“Ahighcontext(HC)communicationormessageisoneinwhichmostoftheinformationisalreadyintheperson,whileverylittleisinthecoded,explicitlytransmittedpartofthemessage.TeaCeremony
Chapter7CulturalPatternsHigh-contextculture“Ahighc41Low-contextcultureAlowcontext(LC)communicationisjusttheopposite;i.e.,themassoftheinformationisvestedintheexplicitcode.”AnAmericanstandingonchairinrestaurantgivingspeechathisleavinghishometown
Chapter7CulturalPatternsLow-contextcultureAlowconte42CulturesArrangedAlongtheHigh-ContextandLow-ContextDimension
High-ContextCulturesJapaneseChineseKoreanAfricanAmericanNativeAmericanArabGreekLatinItalianEnglishFrenchAmericanScandinavianGermanGerman-SwissLower-ContextCulturesChapter7CulturalPatternsCulturesArrangedAlongtheHi43CaseAnalysis-“wrongsignals”(1)Whatistheproblemshowninthiscase?(2)WhydidNingTongkeepsilent?Whatinformationdoyouthinkhewantedtoconvey?(3)WhydidTomgetsoangry?WhatishisinterpretationofNingTong’ssilence?
Chapter7CulturalPatternsCaseAnalysis-“wrongsignals44What’sthevaluesreflected
inthefollowingproverbs?
Bloodisthickerthanwater.Timeismoney.Aman’shouseishiscastle.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.人之初，性本善。天人感应。一人得道，鸡犬升天。以人为鉴，可以明得失；以史为鉴，可以知兴替。Chapter7
CulturalPatternsWhat’sthevaluesreflected
i45Hinduethics
1.Humannatureorientation2.Person-natureorientation3.Timeorientation
4.Activityorientation
5.RelationalorientationTextD:KluckhohnandStrodtbeck’svalueorientationChapter7CulturalPatternsHinduethics
TextD:Chapt461.Humannature
orientation
(1)Humansareevilbutchangeable,(2)humansareevilandunchangeable,(3)humansareneutralwithrespecttogoodandevil,(4)humansareamixtureofgoodandevil,(5)humansaregoodbutchangeable,and(6)humansaregoodandunchangeable.goodbutcorruptible
evilbutperfectible
Chapter7CulturalPatterns1.Humannatureorientation472.Person-natureorientation(1)
masterywithnature（注：图片为愚公移山）(2)
harmonywithnature（注：图片为中药材）(3)subjugationtonature（注：图片为印尼海啸）subjugationtonatureharmonywithnaturemasterywithnature
masterywithnatureChapter7CulturalPatterns2.Person-natureorientation(483.Timeorientation
a.
Value-PastOrientation
b.Value-PresentOrientation
c.Value-FutureOrientationChapter7CulturalPatterns
3.TimeorientationChapter7C494.Activityorientationa.Value-DoingOrientation
b.Value-BeingOrientation
c.Value-Being-in-BecomingOrientation
Chapter7CulturalPatterns4.Activityorientationa.Valu505.Relationalorientationa.Value-IndividualismOrientation
b.Value-LinealityOrientation
c.Value-CollateralityOrientation
Chapter7CulturalPatterns5.Relationalorientationa.Va51ExploringIdeasWhatwouldyouaddorchangetomoreaccuratelyexpresstheChineseorientationtorelation?Istherelationalorientationchanging?Whatisyourevidence?
Chapter7CulturalPatternsExploringIdeasWhatwouldyou52TextE:Hofstede’sculturaldimensions1.Individualismversuscollectivism2.Uncertaintyavoidance3.Powerdistance4.Masculinityversusfemininity
Chapter7CulturalPatternsTextE:Hofstede’sculturaldi531.Individualismversuscollectivism
Thecharacteristicsofculturesthatvalueindividualism
People’spersonalgoalstakepriorityovertheirgroupslikethefamilyortheemployer.Theloyaltyofindividualiststoagivengroupisveryweak.Peoplefeeltheybelongtomanygroupsandareap
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