Unit1FoodMattersGrammarandusage课件-高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第一册

选择性必修·第一册

Unit1GrammarandusageTo-infinitivesassubjectsandpredicatives目录CONTENTS123动词不定式的概念动词不定式作主语动词不定式作表语1动词不定式的概念4.动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而

构成动词不定式短语。1.动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，不能在句中单独作谓语。3.动词不定式有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。2.动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副

词,可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。1.ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.2.Iinvitedsomefriendstotrytherestaurant.3.Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.4.Tobeadmittedbyauniversity,wemustworkhard.5.Toseeistobelieve.6.Tostudyabroadonmyownismydream.7.Yourtasktodayistocleanthehouse.Identifyto-infinitivesandguesstheirfunctions.object宾attributive定adverbial状complement补subject主predicative表subject主predicative表AExploringtherulesBelowisablogentryabouteatingoutandeatingathome.Findthesentencesthatuseto-infinitivesassubjectsorpredicatives.Notthatlongago,myfirstthoughtatmealtimeswastoeatatarestaurant.Iwaseagertotrynewrestaurants.Toeatoutwasalsoasocialactivity,allowingmetoenhancetherelationshipwithmyfriends.Ioftenateoutuntillastmonth,whenIcameacrossacookingapp.Thereareavarietyofrecipesintheapptochoosefrom.Theyareuploadedbyusers,andofferdetailedinstructionssothatotherscanfollowthemstepbystep.Mostoftherecipesincludephotosorvideos,whichareveryusefulforbeginners.WhenIpickedapopularrecipeandgaveitatry,Idiscoveredthatitwasnotthatdifficulttomakeasimpleandtastydish.Inthelastfewweeks,I’vethrownmyselfintohomecooking,fromboilingnoodlesinthepottofryingsteakinthepan.Ihardlyeatoutanymore.Notonlyiscookingathomecheaper,butIcancookexactlywhatIwant.It’shealthiertoo.Nowonderpeoplesaynothingbeatshomecooking!

NowIamgoodatcookingacoupleofdishes.Myplanistoinvitemyfriendsoverattheweekendtoshowthemmynew-foundskills.Ihopethattheywilllikemycooking.objectcomplementattributiveadverbialWhentheto-infinitiveisusedasasubject,weusuallyusethepreparatorysubject

atthebeginningofthesentence.Theto-infinitivecanalsobeusedasapredicative.Itusuallycomesaftertheverb

.Workingouttherulesitbe2To-infinitiveassubjectsTo-infinitiveassubjects动词不定式作主语1.动词不定式作主语,表示具体的、一次性或尚未做的动作。如：动名词形式作主语，表示动作经常反复发生，而不是只针对某一次。Smokinginthepublicisnotgood.注TocookChinesefoodisnoteasy.TospeakEnglishwellisn'taneasyjob.

Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.

2.动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。如：①TospeakEnglishwellisn'taneasyjob.

②Toimproveourteachingmethodisveryimportant.

③Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.

TomasterEnglishisimportant.——Itisimportant

tomasterEnglish.Practice——Itisn’taneasyjobtospeakEnglish.——Itisveryimportanttoimproveourteachingmethod.——Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithher.●It+be+adj.+todosth.

Itisimportanttobuildtrustbetweenboth.Itisimportanttofinishwritinginadvance.●It＋be＋adj.＋ofsbtodo（此处形容词常为表示行为者的性格、品质等特点的词，如kind、foolish、good、nice、selfish、generous等）Itiskindofyoutogivemesomuchhelp.Itisfoolishofhimtorefusetheoffer.●It＋be＋adj.＋forsbtodo（此处形容词常为描述事物特征的形容词，如easy、difficult、hard、importantimpossible、necessary等）ItwouldbedifficultforBobtofindagoodjob.ItisnecessaryforustobuyanEnglishdictionary.●It＋be＋n.＋todoItisourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.Itismyhonourtogiveaspeech.●It＋动词＋宾语＋不定式Ittookmethreehourstocleantheroom.Itrequiresspecialskillstopreparethefood.3To-infinitiveaspredicativesTo-infinitiveaspredicatives动词不定式作表语某些系动词，如be（是）、seem（看起来）、appear（看起来）、prove（证明）、turnout（结果）等，后面可以接不定式作表语。其中，除了be动词之外，seem、appear、prove、turnout后面的表语若是以“tobe+...”的形式出现，通常可以省略tobe。有些系动词如sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、feel（感觉）、become（成为）等，通常不可以接不定式作表语。Itsmellstobedelicious.Thecaketastestobeyummy.注He

seems

（tobe）busy.

Theplan

proves

（tobe）right.

Theplan

turnsout

（tobe）right.2.betodo表达想法，约定，义务，命令，可能性，命运等。如：We

are

to

meet

at

the

station

at

there.(表约定）YouaretocomewhenIcall.（表命令）3.当all或what引导的主语从句中有实义动词do

（以及do的其他形

式时,作表语的不定式通常要省略to,即“前有do,后无to”WhatIdidwas(to)turnoffthegas.我所做的就是把煤气关掉。Allyou

should

do

nowisdevoteyourselftostudyinghard.你现在应该做的事就是投入到刻苦的学习当中。4.动词不定式作表语时，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。She

is

to

blame.她应该收到责备。Thehouseistolet.此房出租。(1)表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词(短语、从句)作主语时，其表语应用动词不定式。Hergreatestwishistoseeherparentsagain.她最大的愿望是能够再见到父母。Mychiefpurposeis

topointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。注(2)不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换。Mydreamistobeadoctor.＝Tobeadoctorismydream.我的梦想是成为一名医生。①Mytaskis___________(show)youaroundournewly-­builtlibrary.②Herwishis___________(become)anengineer.③Thepurposeofeducationis___________(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.④Whathehopedwas_________________(admit)intotheuniversity.⑤Allthathecoulddowas___________(comfort)her.toshowtobecometodeveloptobeadmitted(to)comfort注1.To-infinitive否定形式是“notto＋动词原形”Theteacheraskedus

somuchnoise.A.don'tmake

B.notmake

C.notmaking

D.nottomake

D2.To-infinitive被动形式”Tobedone”Itwasagreathonour

(invite)heretoday.Thefestivalis

(hold)nextFriday.tobeinvitedtobeheld动词不定式的时态和语态3.单个不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数Toplaybasketball

(be)great.如果and连接两个或更多并列的不定式作主语，谓语动词就用复数Toimprovepeople’slifeandtospeedupsocialistconstruction

(be)ourtwoimportanttasks.isare单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；两个及以上不定式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。Wheretogoonaholidayandwhentogofortheholidayhavenotbeendecided.到哪里去度假以及何时去度假还没有决定。Whereandwhentogoonaholidayhasnotbeendecided.到哪里去，何时去度假还没有决定。Applyingtherules1.ThenextdishthatthecookwillprepareisKungPaoChicken.(attributive).2.Thepreparationofhome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable.(subject)3.Herdreamisthatshewillopenarestaurantsomeday.(predicative)

4.Wewillputthepotatoesinthepotfirstinorderthattheywillbecookedquickly.(adverbialofpurpose)5.IconsidertheSoupoftheDayasthebestoptiononthemenu.(objectcomplement)

IconsidertheSoupoftheDaytobethebestoptiononthemenu.Wewillputthepotatoesinthepotfirst(inorder)tocookthemquickly.Herdreamistoopenarestaurantsomeday.Topreparehome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable.Itiseasyandenjoyabletopreparehome-cookedmeals.ThenextdishtobepreparedbythecookisKungPaoChicken.Completethearticlewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.

Aslongasyouarenotafraidofheights,youwillbeimpressedbySkyBuffet,thelatestrestaurantinthecitycenter.(1)_________(locate)atthetopofTower88,itgivesyouanamazingviewofthebay.Betterstill,itsentireseatingareaturnsslowlyanditisenjoyable(2)____________(see)thesceneryoutsidewhilehavingyourmeal.Sinceittakesaboutanhour(3)________(turn)thefull360degrees,youareunlikelytogetboredwiththescenery.Ifyouwanttogetthemostwonderfulviews,yourbestbetis(4)__________(sit)bythewindowanhourbeforesunsetandwatchhowtheskychangescolours.Theatmosphereisli