比较和最高级,时态虚拟倒装

1、 形容词副词比较级最高级专项比较级，最高级变化规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。1. 规则变化如下: 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 great greater greatest warm warmer warmest 2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 wide wider widest nice nicer nicest 3) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est

2、 构成. happy happier happiest lucky luckier luckiest 4) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。 big bigger biggest ( fat/ big / hot / wet / thin /flat )5)少数双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowestshallow shallower shallowest6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级

3、和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。beautiful more beautiful most beautiful difficult more difficult most difficult 2. 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级: goodbetterbest many( much)moremostmuchmoremost little less leastbad ( badly/ill )worseworst farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest 3. 形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示较不和最不 import

4、ant 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要 二。形容词副词比较级的用法: 常见的标志词是 than He is taller than his sister. Miss Zhang is more outgoing than Mr. Zhang.*比较级+比较级 （越来越） colder and colder 越来越冷 bigger and bigger 越来越大 more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮 more and more important 越来越重要*the + 比较级， the + 比较级 （ 越，越）The

5、 more, the better. 越多越好。The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙，越高兴。* 当比较双方只出现一方(没有than及其后面的部分)，且句中含有of the two时，比较级前要加the。例如：He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的一个。5. 常见的修饰比较级的词有：much far even a lot a little三形容词副词最高级的用法:1. 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+ in ( China / the world ) of/among ( all

6、the students / the three boys)She isthe beststudent inher class. 她是班上最好的学生。Tom isthe tallest boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。 He is the thinnest of / among the three boys. 他是这三个男孩中最瘦的。2* one of + 高级+ 名词复数 最 的 之一 Shanghai is one ofthe largest cities China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。 3. *序数词+最高级 第二（三，四

7、）（大，长，）的 He is the second tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班第二高的男生。4. 比较级与最高级的转换：He is the best student in our class.= He is better than any other student / the other students.时态的用法（过去进行时态，现在完成时态，过去完成时态）一过去进行时态二现在完成时态三过去完成时态（一）过去完成时态的基本结构：肯定：had +过去分词。 He had finished his homework when his father came

8、back. 否定：hadnt + 过去分词。 He hadnt finished his homework when his father came back. 一般疑问句：把had 提前。 Had he finished his homework when his father came back? Yes, he had. / No, he hadnt. （二）过去完成时态的意义理解 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用。参照的过去的时间常用一下词来表达： before, after, by+过去

9、时间 (by the end of +过去时间点，by the time+过去从句，, when+过去从句，以及宾语从句中）例如： Before he came to our school, he had taught in the country for three years. 来我们学校前，他已经在乡村教学三年了。They had collected over 1000 stamps by the end of last month. 到上个月底，他们已经收集了1000多张邮票。When I got the station, the train had left. 当我到车站时，火车已经

10、开走了。My mother told me that they had received my letter. 我妈妈告诉他们收到了我的信。 By the time I gotoutside, the bus had alreadygone.当我出去时，公共汽车已经走了。They had built four new buildings by the year of 2009. 在2009年前，他们已经建了四栋新楼。 1. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ Beijing.A. studied, had gone B.

11、 had studied, wentC. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone2. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months.A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D. had gone to3. Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had4. A new shoe factory will _ in this part of

12、the city. A. be building B. be built C. build5. Who _the computer? I want to use it. Timmy. He _ it for a week.A.borrowed, has borrowed B. has borrowed, boughtC. has borrowed, has kept D. bought, has borrowed6. My model ship doesnt work. Dont worry. Ill have it _this afternoon. A. repairing B. made

13、C. repaired D. mend7. There is going to _a game in our school this afternoon.A.has B. have C. be D. are8. Where is Mr Brown? I have some questions to ask him. He _the office. A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to D. has gone in9. We _out by that time that he_ a thief for a longtime. A. had fo

14、und, had been B. had found, was C. found, had been D. found, was10.-I hear some noise in the next room. -Oh, yes. Your sister_ there.A. cries B. is crying C. cried D. was crying11.All the students_ to plant trees and theres nobody in the classroom. A. go B. will go C. have gone D. wound go12. Stop!

15、A little boy_ the street. A. is crossing B. crosses C. crossed D. has crossed13. The girl_ to milk since last winter. A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. would learn14. She didnt pass the exams because she_ her lessons well. A. wasnt prepared B. wasnt been prepared C. hadnt prepared D. was prepar

16、ing15. This story_ in a faraway village in Europe many years ago.A. is happened B. was happened C. happened D. has been happened16. His father _ for a week.A. died B. will die C. has been died D. has been dead17.-Do you know the Frenchman? -Yes. I _him for two years.A. know B. have known C. knew D.

17、have been known18. Great changes_ in the city, and a lot of factories_. A. have been taken place, have been set up B. have taken place, have been set up C. have taken place, have set up D. were taken place, were set up19. When did Kates grandma die? While the doctors_ on her. A. are operating B. wer

18、e operating C. operate D. operated20. All the new words _ up in the dictionary yet. A. have looked B. havent lookedC. have been looked D. havent been looked26.Wheres Mabel? She _ ping pong behind the teaching building. A. is playing B. was playing C. played D. had played27. Quite a few tall building

19、s _ the last two years. A. have been put up B. were put up C. had put up D. put up28. Man-made-satellites_ into space by many countries. A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been sent up29. I _ all the words on the black board. May I go home now?B.copy B. will coup C. copied D. h

20、ave copied30. Nobody knew _ a living in that country. A. to do B. to make C. how to do D. how to make31.The old man needs at most five hours sleep a night ,but he_ for over seven hours tonight. A. has fallen asleep B has slept C has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep32.Im really getting too fat. From

21、now on, I_ more exercise and eat less food. A have done B do C am doing D will do33. You dont need_ her. I_ her for several times. A describe, had met B describe, meet C to describe, have met D describe, met 34. His speech in English was difficult_. A in following B for being followed C to follow D

22、to be followed by35. When he was a child, he tried to find ways_ people_ life more. A. to help, enjoy B. help, to enjoy C. help, enjoying D. to be helped, to enjoy36.What did your class teacher _you to _at the meeting?A. tell, say B. ask, speak C. tell, speak D. ask, talk37._the bus until it _.A. Ge

23、t off, stops B. get off, will stopC. Dont get off, stops D. Dont get off, will stop38 The living standard of the people in Shanghai_ in the last ten years.A. has raised B. has risen C. has been raised D. has been risen39 -What did Mr Jones do before he moved here? -He_ a city bus for over twenty-fiv

24、e years.A. has driven B. drove C. drives D. is driving40. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. A. had begun B. began C. has been on D. has begun1-5 CAAAB 6-10 CACCC 11-15 CCBCD 16-20 BCBBB21-25 ADBCB 26-30 AACDD 31-35 BDCCA 36-40 ACBBC虚拟语气虚拟语气概念：表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测和建议，不表示客观事实。虚拟语气通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。用法 1.

25、表示与现在事实相反 条件从句的谓语动词时态主句的谓语动词时态动词过去式（be 一般用were）Would / should +动词原形 例： If she were not so busy, she would come here with me. If I were you, I would go to look for him. If I had 10 million dollars, I would travel to the moon. 2. 表示与过去事实相反条件从句的谓语动词时态主句的谓语动词时态had+ 过去分词Would / should +have+ 过去分词 例：If I

26、had taken enough money with me yesterday, I would have bought that story book. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. 3. 表示对将来事实的假设条件从句的谓语动词时态主句的谓语动词时态Should+ 动词原形Were to + 动词原形Would / should +动词原形 例：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything woul

27、d be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 试比较：If it were to rain, I would stay at home. 万一下雨，那我就在家呆着。If it rains, I will stay at home. 如果下雨了，我就在家呆着。 这种不同语气的选择，反映了说话人对未来下雨的可能性的信心程度不同。在例句1)中，用了虚拟语气，表明说话人认为将来不太可能下雨。在例句2）中，用了陈述句，表明说话人认为将来下雨的可能性比较大。再比较： 4. wish的用法 表示“但愿”、“要是.

28、该多好啊”，其后的宾语从句有三种形式（1）动词用过去式来说明与现在事实相反（be动词用were）。 I wish I were/was as strong as you. (2)动词用过去完成时说明与过去事实相反。 We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation. (3) 动词用过去将来时表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。 I wish it would be rainy tomorrow.练 习( ) 1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do.A. were, would

29、B. were, will C. is, will( ) 2. He _ learn quickly if he _ harder. A. would, worked B. will, works C. will, will work( ) 3. If I _much money, I _buy a big house. A. were, would B. had, will C. had, would( ) 4. I _ talk that way if I were peter. A. didnt B. wouldnt C. wont( ) 5. If I _ you, Id wear a

30、 shirt and tie.A. were B. was C. areD. is ( ) 6. What_ you do if you won a million dollars?A. willB. wouldC. shallD. should( ) 7. If I were a bird, I _ fly freely in the sky.A. willB. would C. would haveD. were going to( ) 8. If he _ _ here, thats very good.is B. wasC. wereD. has been( ) 9. I cant s

31、peak Japanese, but I do wish I . A. can B. could C. had D. speak( )10. If Jone tomorrow, what would you do?A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come( )11.If they had known him, to him?A. would they have talked B. would they talk C.had they talked D. they would talk( )12.

32、 I would have gone to the concert, if I time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had( )13.“Are you enjoying your stay here?“Yes, very much. I wish I have to leave so soon.”A. wont B. dont C. mustnt D. didnt( )14. You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him. A. come; would meetB.

33、 had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet( )15. I wish that I _ with you last night.A. went B. could go C. have goneD. could have gone( )16. I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had( )17. If I _ you, I _ more attention t

34、o English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall payB. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay( )18. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _ to the meeting.A. would comeB. Came C. would have comeD. will come( )19.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _ no time.A. had B. didnt have

35、 C. had had D. have( )20.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. hadntB. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have倒装句 英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况: 1、There be 句型中全部倒装。 There was a hospit

36、al here two years ago. 2、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, : There goes the bell! 铃响了！ There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.注意: 在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。 主语如果是人称代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。 3、方位状语或地点状语在句首, 句子需全倒装，如:in/out/down/up/over/away, at the top of the hill/ in front

37、 of the house/south of the city等。 In front of the house stopped a police car. 房前停了一辆警车。 Under the tree sits a boy. 树下坐了一个小男孩。 On the hill stands a temple. 山上有座庙。4 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装 What does it mean? asked the boy或the boy asked.5、主语过长，为了强调表语，状语或上下文紧密衔接时，全部倒装。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple

38、man of great achievements. Such were the facts.6、用语so/nor/neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容，后半句的谓语动词应该和前半句保持事态和形式上的一致。(当sothat句型中的so出现在句首时引起的是部分倒装) That man is an English teacher, so is his wife. I have never been abroad, neither has she. So small was the word that I could hardly see it.半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装

39、, 有以下数种情况:否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldom。 At no time was the man aware of what was happening. Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. Never in my life have I heard such a thing. 几对并列连词如not onlybut also, hardlywhen, scarcely. when, no soonerthan(

40、一什么什么就)等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装: Not only will help be given to people to find jops, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started. Hardly had they got to school when the bell rang.注意: not onlybut also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装,

41、如: Not only you but also I like playing chess.neithernor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装, Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.3、only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装: Only in this way can I learn from my fault. Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work. 注意: only强调主语不倒装: Only the teachers can use the

42、 room.4、sothat句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装: So easy is it that a child can learn it.6、在省去if 的虚拟条件句中，要使用半倒装，把were,should,had等提到句首。 If she were here, she could help him. If I had known the answer, I would have told you.7、在often/always/thus/then/once/now and then等作状语的词谓语句首的句子里。 Often did I speak of her

43、before. Now and then does he ask me for money.8、在as引导的让步状语从句中，把表语、状语提前，形成部分倒装。 Young as he is =(though he is young)，he knows a lot. 选择填空1、 that we all went out, lying in the sun.AThe weather so fine wasBSo fine was the weatherCSo the weather was fineDSo was fine weather2、Under his arm a pair of shoe

44、s which he had bought from the shop a few days before.Ais BareCwasDwere 3、 who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs.ABefore George stood the policemanBBefore George the policeman stoodCBefore the policeman stood GeorgeDBefore George did the policeman4、Then we had been looking forward to .

45、Acame the hour Bthe hour came Ccomes the hourDthe hour is coming5、Only when he started to explain the reason for this.Ashe realizedBdid she realize Cshe had realized Dhad she realized 6、 succeed in doing anything.AOnly by working hard we canBBy only working hard we can COnly by working hard can weDO

46、nly we can by working hard7、Not for a moment the truth of your story.Ahe has doubted Bhe doubts Cdid he doubt Dhe did doubt8、Nowhere else in the world cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.Aa tourist can find Bcan a tourist find Ca tourist will find Da tourist has found 9、Hardly when the bus suddenly

47、pulled away.Athey had got to the bus-stopBthey got to the bus-stopCdid they get to the bus-stopDhad they got to the bus -stop 10、Mary doesnt speak French, and does Joan.AnotBneitherCeitherDso11、Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? I dont know, .Anor dont I careBnor do I care CI dont care nei

48、ther DI dont care also12、Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.Aman did knowBman knew Cdidnt man knowDdid man know13、After that we never saw her again nor from her.Adid we hearBwe heard Chad we heardDwe have heard14、John won the first prize in the contest. .ASo he did. BSo did h

49、e. CSo he did, too. DSo did he, too.15、 ,he doesnt study well.AAs he is clever BHe is as clever CClever as he is DAs clever he is 16、You can never use my tape recorder. time should you touch that machine.AAt noBAt any CAny DNo17、Scarcely the room the phone rang.AI had enteredwhenBHad I enteredthenCh

50、ad I enteredwhenDhave I enteredwhen 18、Only save his life.Acan the doctor Bthe doctor can Cwill the doctor Dcould the doctor19、Hardly anybody the boy , because he is rude.Adoes likeBlikesCdo likeDlike20、So well that the teacher praised her.Ashe had done her homeworkBher homework had been doneCdid sh

51、e do her homeworkDshe did her homework21、Only when to know him will you get along with him.Ado you comeBwill you comeCyou comeDyou will come22、Out , gun in hand.Adid he rushBrushed he Che rushedDhad he rushed23、He had promised me to come to the party ,and .Aso did he Bso he did Cso he wouldDso would

52、 he24、Into the sky the light blue smoke.Awent upBup wentCdid go up Dhad gone up25、Little about his own life at the meeting.Adid he talkBhe talked Che was talkingDhad he talked26、Under no circumstances first use nuclear weapons.Awill ChinaBChina will Cdoes ChinaDdo China27、 taken that examination, she could have passed i