常用的物理检验仪器使用技能训练

1、PAGE PAGE 8常用的物理检验仪器使用技能训练一、课前预习（一）、酒精计的使用技能将散装米酒倒入250mL的量筒中，将外表清洁的酒精计轻轻放入酒液中并使其浮起，待其静止后，再轻轻按下少许，然后待其自然上升，静止并无气泡冒出后，从水平位置读取与液面平面相交处的刻度值，并作好记录。同时用温度计测量酒液的温度。根据酒液的温度和读取的酒精计刻度值查表对测得值加以校正即为散装米酒的酒精含量。酒精计温度浓度换算表酒液温度酒精计示值504948474645444342414039383736温度203544.343.342.341.240.239.038.137.036.035.034.033.032

2、.031.030.03444.743.742.741.540.539.538.537.436.435.434.433.432.431.430.43345.044.143.141.940.939.938.937.836.835.834.833.832.831.830.83245.444.443.442.341.340.339.338.237.236.235.234.233.232.231.23145.844.843.842.741.740.739.738.637.636.635.634.633.632.631.63046.245.244.243.142.141.040.139.038.037.0

3、36.035.034.033.032.02946.645.644.543.542.541.540.439.438.437.436.435.434.433.432.42847.045.944.943.942.941.940.839.838.837.836.835.834.833.832.82747.346.345.344.343.342.341.240.239.238.237.236.235.234.233.22647.746.745.744.743.742.741.640.639.638.637.636.635.634.633.62548.147.146.145.144.143.042.041

4、.040.039.038.037.036.035.034.02448.547.546.445.444.443.442.441.440.439.438.437.436.435.434.42348.947.846.845.844.843.842.841.840.839.838.837.836.835.834.82249.248.247.246.245.244.243.242.241.240.239.238.237.236.235.22149.648.647.646.645.644.643.642.641.640.639.638.637.636.635.62050.049.048.047.046.0

5、45.044.043.042.041.040.039.038.037.036.01950.449.448.447.446.445.444.443.442.441.440.439.438.437.436.41850.749.848.847.846.845.844.843.842.841.840.839.838.837.836.81751.150.149.248.247.246.245.244.243.242.241.240.239.238.237.21651.550.549.548.647.646.645.644.643.642.641.640.639.638.637.61551.950.949

6、.948.947.947.046.045.044.043.042.041.040.039.038.01452.251.350.349.348.347.346.445.444.443.442.441.440.439.438.41352.651.650.749.748.747.746.745.844.843.842.841.840.839.838.81253.052.051.050.149.148.147.146.145.244.243.242.241.240.239.21153.452.451.450.449.548.547.546.545.644.643.642.641.640.639.610

7、53.752.851.850.849.848.947.946.946.045.044.043.042.041.040.1酒精计温度浓度换算表酒液温度酒精计示值35343332313029282726252423222120温度203528.827.826.826.025.024.223.222.321.320.419.618.817.916.916.015.23429.328.327.326.425.424.523.522.721.720.820.019.118.217.216.415.53329.728.727.726.825.824.923.923.122.021.220.319.418.

8、617.616.715.83230.129.128.127.226.225.324.323.422.421.620.719.818.917.917.016.23130.529.528.527.626.625.724.723.822.821.921.020.219.318.317.416.53030.929.928.928.027.026.125.124.223.222.321.420.519.618.617.716.82931.330.329.428.427.426.425.524.623.622.721.820.819.919.018.017.22831.730.729.728.827.82

9、6.825.924.924.023.022.121.220.219.318.417.52732.231.230.229.228.227.226.325.324.423.422.521.520.619.618.717.82632.631.630.629.628.627.626.625.724.723.822.821.920.920.019.018.12533.032.031.030.029.028.027.026.125.124.123.222.221.020.319.418.42433.432.431.430.429.428.427.426.425.524.523.522.621.620.71

10、9.718.72333.832.831.830.829.828.827.826.825.824.923.922.922.021.020.019.02234.233.232.231.230.229.228.227.226.225.324.323.322.321.320.419.42134.633.632.631.630.629.628.627.626.625.624.623.622.621.720.719.72035.034.033.032.031.030.029.028.027.026.025.024.023.022.021.020.01935.434.433.432.431.430.429.

11、428.427.426.425.424.423.322.321.320.31835.834.833.832.831.830.829.828.827.826.725.724.723.722.621.620.61736.235.234.233.232.231.230.229.228.127.126.125.124.023.022.020.91636.635.634.633.632.631.630.629.528.527.526.525.424.423.322.321.21537.036.035.034.033.032.031.029.928.927.926.825.824.723.722.621.

12、61437.436.435.534.433.532.431.430.429.328.327.226.225.124.023.021.91337.836.835.934.933.932.831.830.829.728.727.626.525.424.423.322.21238.237.336.335.334.333.332.231.230.229.128.026.925.824.723.622.51138.737.736.735.734.733.732.731.630.629.528.427.326.225.023.922.81039.138.137.136.135.134.133.132.03

13、1.029.928.827.726.625.424.323.1（二）、波美-密度计的使用技能.将20的酱油倒入250mL（三）、200/40乳稠计的使用技能操作方法同（一）。校正方法是：温度低于20，每低1应减去0.2; 温度高于20，每高1应加上0.2。然后将校正值除以1000再加1，即为牛奶的相对密度（四）、锤度计的使用技能操作方法同（一）。查“观测糖锤度温度更正表”进行校正，即得稀糖液的浓度。（五）、手持测糖仪的使用技能掀起照明棱镜盖板，用柔软的绒布仔细地将折光棱镜清洗干净，并用滤纸和擦镜纸将水拭净。取糖液数滴，置于折光棱镜面上，合上盖板，使溶液均匀分布在棱镜面。将仪器进光窗对向光源，调

14、节视度圈，使视场内刻度清析可见，于视场中读取明暗分界线相应之读数，即为溶液含糖浓度（百分含量）。仪器分为0-50%和50-80%两档。当被测糖液浓度低于50%时，将换档旋钮向左旋转至不动，使目镜半圆视场中的0-50可见，即可观测读数。若被测糖液浓度高于50%时，则应将换档旋钮向右旋至不动，使目镜半圆视场中的50-80可见，即可观测读数。测量时若温度不是201、仪器在20调零的，而在其它温度下进行测量时，则应进行校正，校正的方法是：温度高于20时，加上查“糖量计读数温度修正表”得出的相应校正值，即为糖液的准确浓度数值。温度低于20时，减去查“2、仪器在测定温度下调零的，则不需要校正。方法是：测试

15、纯蒸馏水的折光率，看视场中的明暗分理线是否对正刻线0%，若偏离，则可用小螺丝刀旋动校正螺钉，使分界线正确指示0%处，然后对糖液进行测定，读取的数值即为正确数值。糖量计读数温度修正表浓 度 %0510152025303540455055606570温度10从读数中减去0.500.540.580.610.640.660.680.700.700.730.740.750.760.780.79110.460.460.530.550.580.600.620.640.640.660.670.680.690.700.71120.420.450.480.500.520.540.560.570.570.590.6

16、00.610.610.630.63130.370.400.420.440.460.480.490.500.500.520.530.540.540.550.55140.330.350.370.390.400.410.420.430.430.450.450.460.460.470.48150.270.290.310.330.340.340.350.360.360.370.380.390.390.400.40160.220.240.250.260.270.280.280.290.290.300.300.310.310.320.32170.170.180.190.200.210.210.210.220

17、.220.230.230.230.230.240.24180.120.130.130.140.140.140.140.150.150.150.150.160.160.160.16190.060.060.060.070.070.070.070.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.082000000000000000021加在读数上0.080.070.070.070.070.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.08220.130.130.140.140.150.150.150.150.150.160.160.160.160.160.16230

18、.190.200.210.220.220.230.230.230.230.240.240.240.240.240.24240.260.270.280.290.300.300.310.310.310.310.310.320.320.320.32250.330.350.360.370.380.380.390.400.400.400.400.400.400.400.40260.400.420.430.440.450.460.470.480.480.480.480.480.480.480.48270.480.500.520.530.540.550.550.560.560.560.560.560.560

19、.560.56280.560.570.600.610.620.630.630.640.640.640.640.640.640.640.64290.640.660.680.690.710.720.720.730.730.730.730.730.730.730.73300.720.740.770.780.790.800.800.810.810.810.810.810.810.810.87（六）、阿贝折光仪的使用技能1、校正:在开始测量前必需先用标准玻璃块校正读数,将标准玻璃块的抛光面上加1滴溴代萘,贴在折射棱镜的抛光面上,标准玻璃块的抛光面应向上,以接受光线。调节读数镜内刻度值与标准玻璃块的标示值

20、一致后，观察观测系统望远镜内明暗分界线是否在十字线中间，若有偏离则用附件方孔调节扳手转动示值螺钉，使明暗分界线调整至中央，校正完毕。在以后的测量过程中不允许再动。校正完毕，取下标准玻璃块，用乙醚溶液剂将折射棱镜圾面擦洗干净即可进入测量工作。2、测量：将棱镜表面擦拭干净后,把被测糖液用滴管加在进光棱镜的磨砂面上,合上棱镜并旋转棱镜锁紧手柄扣紧两棱镜。调节两反射镜,使观测系统、读数系统的镜筒视场明亮.旋转棱镜转动手轮,使棱镜组转动,通过光学系统的望远镜筒观测明暗分界线上下移动,同时调节色散棱镜手轮使视场为黑白两色,当视场中的黑白分界线与交叉十字线中点相割时,观察读数系统的望远镜筒,视场中所指示的数值即为被测液体的折光率或糖液的浓度值.（七）、全自动旋光仪的使用技能1、将仪器电源接通后,打开电源开关,经5分钟预热钠光灯,待钠光灯发光稳定.2、打开光源开关(若钠光灯熄灭,则再将光源开关上下扳动1-