现在完成时(知识梳理)

1、现在完成时知识梳理现在完成时【概念引入】欣赏含有现在完成时的名言：Life has taughtme to think , but thinking has not taught me to live 。生活教会了我思考，但思考却没有教会我生活。Winter must be cold for those with no warm memories. Wehave already missed the spring.对于那些没有温馨回忆的人们来说，冬天一定很冷。我们已经错过春天了。Nature has givenus the seeds of knowledge, but not knowled

2、ge itself 。在自然赋予我们知识的种子，而非知识本身。现在完成时的构成：现在完成时是：助动词havehas +过去分词构成的。I have finished my homework o 我已经完成了作业.现在完成时的否定句：是在助动词havehas的后面加not构成。I havent seen the film so far. 到目前为止，我还没有看那部电影。现在完成时的一般疑问句：是把助动词havehas提到句子主语的前面。Have you seen the film yet? 你看过那部电影了吗？【用法讲解】一、现在完成时的定义及用法1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

3、I have just cleaned my clothes。我刚洗过衣服。“洗衣服是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了Have you read that story ?你读过那个故事吗？“读这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中，ever, yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中。I have already finished my homework.我已经做完家庭作业了。He has j

4、usthad his meal. 他刚吃过饭。Have you eversung this English song ? 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？They haventstarted yet .他们还没有动身.We havenever heard of it . 我们从来没有听说过这件事。二、现在完成时的定义及用法2表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态.这时往往与表示一段的时间状语连用。I have been here for iust over two vears。我到这里才两年多。He has worked here since 1989. 从 1

5、989 年，他就在这里工作。1 因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be, stay, study, wait , keep ,have 等。现在完成时知识梳理2使用的时间状语通常由for或since引导，但二者后接的词有所不同：for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间。如：for three years, for half an hour等.sinee作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如 sinee 1980,也可以接“一段时间 +ago,如：since three years ago, sinee two monthsago等。s inee还可用作

6、连词，引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。如：We have known each other sinee we went to col legeo自从我们上大学我们就彼此认识了 .3非延续性动词不能直接和for或since连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词。如： comeTbe,come toTbe in 如： comeTbe,come toTbe in / at, go outT be out,leaveTbe away,beginTbe on, stopT be over, buyT have,borrow keep,beginTbe on, stopT

7、be over, buyT have,borrow keep,openTbe open, closeTbe cIosed,joinTbe a member of,dieTbe dead,ca + cl O ccim,a o cc I rlI lived thre 2openTbe open, closeTbe cIosed,joinTbe a member of,dieTbe dead,ca + cl O ccim,a o cc I rlI lived thre 2 years ago.present2012knowTknow,+ be i I I 等.系:become a teacher T

8、be a teacher,I have lived here for two ye电r宇.1都表示过去发生的事；2现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用last, ago, yesterday , etc.。He had his breakfast at 6: 00。 一般过去时他六点钟吃的早饭。He has had his breakfast.现在完成时他吃过早饭了.四、have gone to, have been to 与 have been in 的用法比较have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，

9、还没有返回；have/has been to:曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数的状语；have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。They have gone to England, and they will go back next week.他们去英国了，下周回来。Mr. Green has been in China for many years。格林先生在中国呆过好多年了。Miss Brown has been to Japan twice.布朗小姐到日本去过两次。五、重点句型：It is/ has bee

10、n+段时间 +since 从句段时间 +has passed+ since 从句举例：他死了两年了。可用多种句式表达He died two years ago。He has been dead for two years /since two years agoIt is/ has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died.Exercisesl 选择填空现在完成时知识梳理()1. I Enghish in this school since 1999(A)taught (B) have taught(C) t

11、ea (D)would teach()2 o Lilei the pen for five years(A) has had (B)bought (C) have had (D)have bought()3。Kate her grand mother s photo before(A)havent seen (B) have seen (C) see (D) hasn t seenExercises? 选择填空()1o Have(A).Yes, Iyou finished your work? - have。 (B)Yes , I do。(C) Yes, I.am。(D)Yes,I did.(

12、)2。一Hasshe ever learned English? 一(A) Yes, she has. (B)Yes, she does.(C)No()3.He finished his homeworko yet(A)doesnt(B) havent (C ) hasn t,she doesn t (D) No, she has(D) doesn t haveExercises3选择填空()1.Have you travelled on the train。 一Yes, I have。(A)never (B) ever(C)just(D)yet()2OHave you finishedyou

13、r homework-Not(A)ever(B)already(C) yet(D) just()3。 We havent finished our homeworko(A)already (B) ever(C)yet(D) never()4 o Have you I earned English? Yes, I ve I earned a lot.(A)never, ever (B) ever, never(C) ever, already (D)already. everExercises4 A)用 since 和 for 填空1) two years2) _ two years ago 3

14、) _ last month4)_ 19995) yesterday6) _ 4 o clock7) 4 hours8) an hour ago9) _ we were children10) _ lunch time11)_ she left hereB)用since和for填空1。He has lived in Nanjing the year before last。2。Ive known him we were children.3。Our teacher has studied Japanese three years.4。She has been away from the cit

15、y about ten years.5。It s about ten years she left the city。Exercises5A) 用 have (has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空.A: Where Li Fei?B: He to Hainan Island。A: How long he there?B: He there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know ?B: Im afraid he won t come back recently.A: Could you tell me

16、the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry , I never there.现在完成时知识梳理A: How many times Li Fei to that place ?B: He there only once.B)用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 的各种形式填空.1 )Where is Jack? He his country。David the park just now.John England since he came back.How long have this village?The Smiths Beijin

17、g for years。6)you everAmerica?Yes , Ithere many times 。7)Ithis school since three years ago.8)Where is Jim? Hethe farm.Exercises 6选择填空()1. Have you finshedyour homework Yes, I i_tlast night(A)finish(B)finished(C) have finished(D)will finish()2.you evertoNanjingYes, 1there last year。(A) Havegone, hav

18、e gone(B)Have been ,went(C) Didgo, went(D)Did 芸。，has ,been()3O WhenyouLucy in New York? 1here for two years(A)didmeet, haven tseen(B)didmeet,havent seen(C) didmeet, don tsee(D)wouldmeet,hadn t seen()4O -whenyou_to Beijing? How long you ere ?(A)havecome ,haveTbeen(B)didcome , havebeen(C) didcome , di

19、d go(D)didcome ,have goneExercises? A按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw。come/go/move to sw.T be in swo /at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1 )He got to Beijing five minutes ago。He Beijing forI moved to the USA last year。I the USA sinceI went home yesterday.I home for。They cam

20、e here last week。They here since。come/go back, return Tbe backcome/go out be out1 )He came out two years ago.He for.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday。We to Fuzhou since.become Tbe1 )I became a teacher in 2000。I a teacher for现在完成时知识梳理2)The river became dirty last year.The river dirty forclose Tbe clos

21、ed open Tbe open1 )The shop closed two hours ago。2)The door opened at six in the morning.The door for six hours.get up Tbe up die Tbe deadleave sw。 Tbe away from sw。fall asleep/get to sleep Tbe asleep1)fiInish/end Tbe over marryI got up two hours ago.-4 besincemarriedo2)HeHe left Fuzhou just now.Fuzhou for five minutes.3)MyMy grandpa died in 2002grandpa。for.4)The meeting finished atThe meetingsixoforsix hourso5)II got to sleep two hoursago.since.6)They married in 1990。They since。start/begin to do sth。 Tdo sth. begin Tbe on1 )I began to teach at this school in 1995。I at this school si