杭州专版2022年中考英语书面表达课件

1、1.审和列：审题，就是理清、明确写作任务的主旨和要点，找齐要点、时态和人称，这些都要记下来，有了要点就可以列提纲，也就是根据要点关键词列出提纲。提纲应包括单词、短语、简单句等，做到不漏写、不多写、不乱写，内容条理化。简而言之，就是要确定写作的体裁、主题，弄清题目所给的情境、要求表达的要点、文体格式、时态和人称等。2.扩和连：围绕要点、根据提纲添加适当内容。将要点扩展成句、将主题句通过添加支撑句扩展成段落。在扩句拓展时，要加上一些适当的连接词使文章层次鲜明，也别忘了加上开头和结尾，这就体现了对逻辑的要求。对于一些英语程度较好的同学，还要适当优化你的作文。可以尝试着使用一些较高级的词汇、句式(被动

2、语态、宾语从句、状语从句、谚语)等提升文章档次，美化文章语言，但一定要保证句式正确和用词恰到好处。3.查和抄：誊抄之前再次检查。抄也是检查。抄完后再读一遍，这就是追求完美的体现。检查主要注意以下方面：一是字数是否符合要求。100词左右的短文，最少要写90词以上，最多写到110词；二是体裁、格式是否正确；三是内容要点是否全面；四是语言表达是否有误，包括单词拼写、主谓一致、时态呼应、大小写、标点符号等等。这些都是检查的内容。写作中，要时刻牢记：规范语言、把握时态。写作中要注意语言表达的规范性和流畅性，尽量使用最熟悉、最有把握的词汇和句型，避免中式英语。除此之外，还要注意时态、语态等的正确使用，碰到

3、不会的单词、词组和句子，可以找同义词、同义句来代替。除了以上三步，我们还必须注意到如何进行段落布局。段落是构成短文的基本框架。总体而言，中考英语书面表达侧重于记叙文写作、说明文写作、夹叙夹议型的议论文写作、倡议书、信件等应用文体写作。在中考书面表达中最常见的为“三段式”结构，也就是开头段中间段结尾段三部分，中间段为主体部分。详见下图：从内容安排角度讲，Introduction部分需要用较概括的语言介绍背景，使读者了解文章主旨，所以可以按照“引言句扩展句”形式成文；Body部分由于其含有主题句和较多内容作为细节来解释和说明主题句，所以这是一个自成体系的部分，在这部分写作中要通过例子或者自身经历来

4、充分说明主题，因此可以按照“主题句扩展句扩展句扩展句”形式成文；最后的Conclusion 部分往往以提出建议、发出号召作为结尾，可以按照“连接词全文概括句(发出号召/提出建议)”等形式展开收尾。在段落安排中还必须注意上下文的连贯，通过连词、设问句、疑问句等形式使上下文过渡自然。目前写作中还有一种趋势，那就是给出开头句。那么在行文过程中为了保持连贯和过渡自然，就必须要考虑题目所给出的开头起什么作用，怎样布局才能保证上下文连贯通顺。“勤能补拙是良训，一分辛苦一分才。”首先，要多读范文，多分析范文，知道范文是怎样谋篇布局的，是怎样步步推进的，要用范文来指导自己的写作。其次，一定要动笔写。要熟悉各种

5、文体的写作方法和写作技巧，要紧跟老师的安排写好作文。中考作文就可以理解为“汉堡包”，对于英语水平较差的同学而言，按照“32”模式进行作文训练，也就是写三句容易的，再写两句有点难度的，日积月累，不愁写不出及格的作文；对于英语水平中等以上的学生而言，要着重培养审题能力，培养仿写后的独立创作能力。考生既要依据写作题型，重点训练分析题型、提取核心信息的能力，又要加强对词汇、语法的掌握，并运用多种形式来书写表达。 最后祝同学们都能写出符合要求、有血有肉的作文！书面表达技能提升(1)丰富词汇、灵活表达【技巧点拨】同学们在写作时应尽量不要反复使用相同的词汇，以避免文章看起来枯燥、呆板。英语中相同的意思往往有

6、不同的表达形式。用稍难单词或短语代替一些简单、常见的表达，可以使文章更生动，更有表现力。试体会下面黑体词汇的不同表达效果。You should try your best to use the new words in your daily life.You are supposed to make every effort to use the new words in your daily life.I think tea is good for both health and business.In my opinion, tea is helpful for both health a

7、nd business.【词汇晋级】knowrealize/learn aboutseecatch sight ofsolvework out/deal withwantwould like/feel likerememberkeep. in mind needrequire/call forlearnmaster/pick up giveoffer/providedecidemake up ones mind helpgive. a handrefuseturn down likeenjoy/be interested inshouldbe supposed to thinkin ones

8、opinionexpectlook forward to kindwarm-heartedgoodenjoyable/pleasant greatexcellent/wonderfulbadterrible firstlyto begin/start withsuddenlyall of a sudden finallyat last/in the endsotherefore/as a result besideswhats morehelpfuluseful/beneficial nownowadays/at presentthink ofcome up with try to domak

9、e every effort to dostart to doget down to doing look aftercare for/take care of【学以致用】改写下面句中黑体部分的词汇。1.We should remember that its our duty to join in labor activities. .2.She decided to accept the challenge and move forward step by step. .3.This morning I saw a beautiful bird on my way to school. .k

10、eep in mindmade up her mindcaught sight of4.Finally, we had a good idea to keep our classroom clean. .5.After I watched the program Chinese Poetry Conference (中国诗词大会), I began to like ancient poems. .At last，came up withbe interested in书面表达技能提升(2)扩写句子写作的时候，我们常遇到写完主谓宾就不知道如何往下写的情况。这时可以运用一定的方法对句子进行扩展，以

11、表达更完整、更具体的意思。【技巧点拨】 添加定语对名词进行限制或说明，如形容词、介词短语、分词短语、定语从句等。例：He is a student.定语1.He is a hard-working student.定语2.He is a hard-working student(studying) in Yucai Middle School.定语3.He is a hard-working student in Yucai Middle School who always gets good grades.添加状语表示时间、地点、方式、程度、目的、原因、结果等，如副词、不定式、分词、状语从句

12、等。例：We should take good care of our eyes.(扩写原因)We should take good care of our eyes because eyes are the windows to the soul.例：You should communicate with your parents often.(扩写目的)You should communicate with your parents often to get along well with them.You should communicate with your parents ofte

13、n so that you can get along well with them.例：There is nothing to worry about the exam.(扩写条件)There is nothing to worry about the exam as long as you prepare well for it.添加同位语，如名词、名词短语等。例：Dunhuang is an amazing city.(添加同位语)Dunhuang is an amazing city, one of the main stops on the Silk Road.添加例子作补充说明，如

14、用like、such as列举事物或用for example举例说明等。例：We should pay more attention to personal health.(扩写事例)We should pay more attention to personal health such as wearing the mask and keeping one meter away from others.例：Bad eyesight brings trouble to our life and study.(举例说明)Bad eyesight brings trouble to our lif

15、e and study.For example, if we leave our glasses at home, we cant see the blackboard clearly in class.【学以致用】根据汉语提示扩写下面的句子。1.The air is fresh.(添加定语) .2.I want to have a magic paintbrush.(添加目的状语) . . 3.The world will become a better place to live in.(添加条件) . . The air in the countryside is fresh，which

16、 is good for health.I want to have a magic paintbrush to draw a new world without pollution.If everyone does something to keep the air clean，the world will become a better place to live in.4.Students can learn many things that they cant learn at school.(添加时间状语) . .5.I prefer to live in the city.(添加原

17、因) . .When they join in a study trip, students can learn many things that they cant learn at school.I prefer to live in the city because I can enjoy the convenience it offers.书面表达技能提升(3)巧用连接词恰当地运用连接词把词与词、短语与短语、句与句之间连接起来，可以使语言表达更加准确、流畅。现将常用连接词总结如下。表示并列或选择关系：and、both.and.、not only.but (also).、either.o

18、r.、as well as等。例如：Teachers teach us a lot of knowledge. They help us in many ways.Teachers teach us a lot of knowledge and help us in many ways.My father often goes to work by subway. Sometimes, he goes to work by bus.My father goes to work either by subway or by bus.小练：1.We picked up the rubbish on

19、 the ground.We threw it into a dustbin.(合并句子) . .表示转折关系：but、while、however等。例如：Im good at every subject. I often feel nervous about exams.Im good at every subject, but I often feel nervous about exams.Im good at every subject while I often feel nervous about exams.Im good at every subject. However, I

20、 often feel nervous about exams.We picked up the rubbish on the ground and threw it into a dustbin.小练：2.The Internet makes our life more convenient. It also brings some bad influences on our health.(合并句子) . . . . . .The Internet makes our life more convenient，but it also brings some bad influences o

21、n our health./The Internet makes our life more convenient while it also brings some bad influences on our health./The Internet makes our life more convenient. However，it also brings some bad influences on our health.表示因果关系：so、therefore、as a result、thanks to、because of、because等。例如：I like sports very

22、much.The sports camp is my first choice.I like sports very much, so the sports camp is my first choice.The sports camp is my first choice because I like sports very much.小练：3.Exercise is good for health.My father gets up early to do some exercise every day.(合并句子) . . .Exercise is good for health，so

23、my father gets up early to do some exercise every day./My father gets up early to do some exercise every day because exercise is good for health.表示条件或让步：if、unless、as long as、even if/even though、though/although等。例如：Everyone should protect the environment.The world will be a better place to live in.If

24、 everyone protects the environment, the world will be a better place to live in.I made a big mistake.My teacher didnt punish me and gave me another chance.Though I made a big mistake, my teacher didnt punish me and gave me another chance.小练：4.We dont get enough sleep at night.We wont stay focused on

25、 our study in class.(合并句子) . .If we dont get enough sleep at night，we wont stay focused on our study in class.表示目的或结果：so.that.、so that等。例如：I hope to be a doctor.I can help sick children.I hope to be a doctor so that I can help sick children.Im shy.Im afraid to speak with strangers.Im so shy that Im

26、afraid to speak with strangers.小练：5.I have to leave before ten oclock.I can catch the last subway. . .I have to leave before ten oclock so that I can catch the last subway.书面表达技能提升(4)高分句式写作中恰当运用固定句式不仅可以避免语法错误，还可以使表达更加多样化，从而使文章更加生动。现把写作中的常用句式总结如下，希望同学们熟记并学会运用。it代替动词不定式作形式主语，其常用形式有：1.Itsadj.(for/of sb

27、.) to do sth.，用于此句型的形容词有kind、polite、easy、difficult、important、necessary等。例如：Its polite of you to thank others for their help and support.It is necessary for us to be active and creative.2.Its(a/anadj.)名词to do sth.。例如：Its an unusual experience to help take care of children in the childrens home.【仿写】1.

28、学习一些生活技能对青少年来说很重要。 .2.有责任感是我们的传统美德之一。 . .Its important for teenagers to learn some life skills.Its one of our traditional virtues to have the sense of responsibility.it代替动词不定式作形式宾语。常用结构为“find/think/believe.itadj.to do sth.”意为“发现/认为/相信做某事”。例如：I find it interesting to study the stars at night.【仿写】3.如果

29、你是坦诚的，你就会发现和他人交朋友很容易。 . .If you are honest，youll find it easy to make friends with others.“make宾语宾语补足语”，make为使役动词，宾语补足语可以是形容词、动词和名词等。例如：Taking exercise can make us relaxed when were under pressure.My mother makes it a habit to read books every day.【仿写】4.这个节目使我们对传统文化更感兴趣。 .This program makes us more

30、interested in traditional culture.形容词和副词的比较等级形式：“as.as.”、“比较级than”、“the比较级，the比较级”、“比较级and比较级”等。例如：People in my hometown are becoming richer and richer.The higher we climb the hill，the farther we can see.【仿写】5.我们克服的困难越多，就会变得越强大。 .6.随着现代科技的发展，智能机器人的应用将会越来越广泛。 . .The more difficulties we overcome，the

31、stronger we will become.With the development of modern technology，smart robots will be used more and more widely.动名词短语作主语。例如：Working as a volunteer is one of the most amazing experiences in my life.【仿写】7.参加俱乐部可以使我们的学校生活更丰富。 .Joining the clubs can make our school life more colorful.灵活改变句子的表达方式，把介词短语、

32、动词不定式或副词等放在句子的开头。例如：Through social activities, we can learn many things that we cant learn from books.To make friends, above all, we should be friendly to others.【仿写】8.通过帮助别人，你会变得更快乐。 .Through helping others，you can become happier.书面表达技能提升(5)逻辑连贯行文连贯是衡量书面表达水平的重要标志之一。英语课程标准对五级写作的要求是“能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关

33、系”。但是，很多同学在写作中却往往忽视这一点。如何做到行文连贯呢？我们可以恰当使用连接词，使全文条理清楚、结构紧凑。【技巧点拨】 引出下文：first/firstly、to begin/start with、at first、first of all、above all等。例如： I thought today was going to be really good. To start with, it was sunny, and sunny days always make me happy. I dont agree that animals should live in the zoo

34、. First of all, they have no freedom. 承上描述：second/secondly、third/thirdly、then、next、also、after this、after that、whats more、besides等。例如： Over the lunch, I will listen to his successful story. Then I will ask him what is important to make it happen. To realize our dreams, I have some opinions. Firstly,

35、we must try to work harder from now on and learn as much knowledge as possible. Secondly, we should believe in ourselves because confidence is the key to success. Besides, its also important to find out how successful people do things so that we can learn from them. We can do some sports to make us

36、stronger and healthier. Whats more, we can take an active part in some social activities as volunteers to help those in need. 结束话题：finally、lastly、last but not least 等。例如： Finally, if we always get on well with each other and keep happy, well enjoy a happy and healthy school life. Last but not least,

37、 I realized the importance of teamwork in basketball games. 总结话题：in short、in a word、as for me、in my opinion等。例如： In a word, lets take care of our eyes so that we can see our bright future. In short, if we obey the rules and take care of ourselves, we will grow up safely and healthily.【实战演练】用表示逻辑关系的连

38、接词填空。 (一)As students，we can do a lot for waste sorting.1. ，we should learn how to sort the waste.2. ，we can sort the waste by preparing some bins in different colors at home.3. ，its also a good choice to put up posters to call on more people to join us.4. ，even a small action can make a big differen

39、ce to our environment.Lets pull together to start sorting the waste right now!First of allSecondlyLast but not leastIn a word (二)Here are some helpful suggestions for you.1. ，before you do teamwork，all the members can set some team rules together. Everyone should follow the rules and respect each ot

40、her. 2. ，you should talk with your team members in a friendly way.It is rude to talk loudly with others.3. ，you can discuss your problems with your teacher if you cant agree with others.4. ，you should take turns to be the team leader so that everyone has a chance to make the teamwork better. 5. ，eve

41、ryone in the team should be kind，helpful and nice to others.First/FirstlySecond/SecondlyNextFinallyIn my opinion书面表达技能提升(6)巧用谚语，妙笔生花写作中巧用格言、谚语，可以丰富文章内容，增强说服力，为文章增色添彩。一起来看看这些经典的格言和谚语吧。1.关于学习Reading makes a full man.读书使人充实。There is no end to learning.学无止境。A good book is a good friend.好书如挚友。 Doubt is t

42、he key to knowledge.学贵有疑。Knowledge comes from questioning.知识源于质疑。A man becomes learned by asking questions.不耻下问才能有学问。Knowledge starts with practice.知识来源于实践。 Never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。You can learn something from anything if you pay attention to it.处处留心皆学问。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 Every beg

43、inning is difficult.万事开头难。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。Actions speak louder than words.行动胜于语言。2.关于健康Health is better than wealth.健康胜过财富。An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天一苹果，医生远离我。A light heart lives long.心情开朗寿命长。Health is happiness.健康就是幸福。Early to bed and early to

44、rise.早睡早起。It is not work that kills, but worry.工作不损寿，忧郁才伤身。3.关于成功A good beginning makes a good ending./Well begun is half done.好的开端是成功的一半。Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。 No pains, no gains.一分耕耘，一分收获。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。 Never do thing

45、s by halves.办事切莫半途而废。Confidence is the first secret of success.自信是成功的首要秘诀。Faith will move mountains.精诚所至，金石为开。Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.世上无难事，只怕有心人。Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today.今日事，今日毕。No cross, no crown.不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹。 Experience must be bought.吃一堑，长一智。Everyth

46、ing comes to him who wants.功夫不负有心人。4.关于时间Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。He that gains time gains all things.赢得时间就赢得一切。 Time is money.时间就是金钱。Lost time is never found again.时间如流水，一去不复返。Time works wonders.时间创造奇迹。The busiest men find the most time.最忙的人时间最多。Tomorrow never comes.切莫依赖明天。 Time flies.光阴

47、似箭。5.关于友谊A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 A friend is a second self.朋友是第二个自我。A friend is easier lost than found.失朋友易，得朋友难。A life without a friend is a life without a sun.人生没有朋友犹如没有太阳。A friend is never known till a man has need.需要之时方知友。6.关于合作One tree cant make a forest.独木不成林。 Union is stren

48、gth.团结就是力量。Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。 Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。7.关于品质Every man has his fault.金无足赤，人无完人。 Teach others by your example.以身作则。He is truly happy who makes others happy.使他人幸福的人，是真正的幸福者。Its better to give than to receive.给予总比接受好。Pride comes before a fall.骄兵必败。 Hone

49、sty is the best policy.诚实为上策。中考书面表达体裁分类模板一、活动介绍类首段：范例1：I am pleased to know that you are greatly interested in.，so I would like to share a piece of good news that there will be a.Now let me offer you some useful information.范例2：Its my great honor to invite you to enter a.Now，let me offer you some us

50、eful information about it.范例3：Its time for us to say goodbye to our school life soon.Surprisingly there is a/an.prepared for us.Now，let me offer you some information about it.主题段：1.时间地点：It will be held in the classroom at three oclock on the afternoon of June 21th.2.内容主题句：There will be various meani

51、ngful activities included in it.要点：First of all，you will be invited to./you will be given a chance to.which will.After that，it will be more than interesting for you to./it will impress you a lot to.so that.At last，doing something will play an important part in.So.尾段： Thats all.I firmly believe that

52、if you join in it，you will. Thats all.I sincerely hope that you can come and share the happiness/fun with us.二、写人叙事类首段：范例1：朋友A friend in need is a friend indeed.I have a friend just like that who often offers me much warmth in my life.Let me introduce him to you.范例2：父母If you ask me who is the most i

53、mportant one to me.Without doubt the answer is my.Let me introduce him or her to you.范例3：老师 In both my life and study my.teacher is special to me because he is not only my teacher but also my friend who has made a great difference to my character/spread kindness and love to people around him.主题段：1.外

54、貌： .is very beautiful but a little fat with long hair and big eyes.2.性格： .is an outgoing woman who always gets along with people around her.is very kind to others and easy to get on with.is so ready to help others that we all like to make friends with him.3.爱好：She is especially good at cooking and o

55、ften cooks different delicious food for us.4.具体事例：朋友：Linda is like an angel.Whenever I meet trouble，she will always be there.When I fail my test，she always encourages me to face the fact bravely and then tries to help me to check the reason why I fail.At the same time，she shares her good ways of stu

56、dying with me.妈妈：Last term I failed my exam.I was so sad that I cried in my room.When my mother came from work later，she talked with me patiently and cheered me up.That evening，when I woke up at night，my mother was still working.I was deeply moved.Then I made up my mind to study harder than before.老

57、师：My Chinese teacher，Miss Li，not only teaches us how to learn，but also teaches us how to be a person.I remember I made a serious mistake in Grade Seven that was to copy others homework.Miss Li knew that.Instead of being angry with me，she told me the importance of studying hard to become a talented p

58、erson in the future.尾段：朋友：As a sunshine teenager，Xiao Hui is a good example for us to learn from./I will treasure the friendship forever.父母：Now I understand my fathers /mothers love to me.I will never forget what my father/ mother did for me and try my best to make him/her pleased.老师：He is an excell

59、ent teacher.I will never forget and love him forever.三、咨询建议类首段：说明写信目的1.Im sorry to hear that you are difficult in doing.Dont worry about it！ Here are some useful suggestions I would like to share with you.2.I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting your new school.Such problems are quit

60、e normal.Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful.3.You have asked me for my advice on how to learn Chinese and I will try to make some suggestions here.4.Im very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to fit in the new school life.Here are a few suggestions.主题段：介绍详情提出具体建议1.主题句