选修8unit4词汇讲解

1、 Languagepointsinunit4Module8workout计算出，设法弄懂，精心制定出，逐渐解决，按某种方式发展。Youcanworkouttheanswerbyaddingallthenumbers.Imnottellingyoutheanswerworkitoutforyourself.Ihaventworkedoutwhoisgoingtolookafterthekidstonight.Ihopeitallworksoutbetweenyouandme.Wedidntplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutitworkedoutverywell.ane

2、pertinphoneticsconvincedthattheualityofapersonsEnglishdecideshis/herpositioninsociety.一位语音学专家，认定一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位。Convincevt.tocausetobelieverorfeelcertain;topersuade说服；使相信，说动(某人)我们说服了他坐火车去，不要搭飞机去。Weconvincedhimtogobytrainratherthanplane.2)(be)convinced+of短语/that从句意思是坚信；确信。例如：我确信他有罪。Iamconvincedofh

3、isguilt.=Iamconvincedthathewasguilty.convince(vt.)sb+of短语/that从句，使坚信；使确磅魁我不认为她的强作欢颜能使她父亲相信她在那个小孤岛上过得开心。Idontthinkherforcedsmilewillconvinceherfatherthatsheliveshappilyonthatsmalllonelyisland.Convincedadj.坚信的，意志坚定的Convincingadj.令人心服的3.set(1)vt.安排；布置(岗哨)；定(时间、标准)；创造(记录)；专心于Setguardsaroundthegate.Theti

4、meanddateofthemeetinghavenotyetbeenset.Hesetanewrecord.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.vt.使做某事；使处于某状态5)Iopenedthecageandsetthebirdfree.Asparksetthesoodsonfire.vi.(日、月等)下落；下沉Itwillbecoolerwhenthesunhasset.n.一套，一组；电器设备IboughtasetofLuXunsshortstories.Ineedaradioset.短语：setoff出发,动身se

5、tout出发，着手Setabout开始，着手setup建立，成立Setsb.agoodexample为某人树立好榜样Holdupraise;keepup举起Holdupyourrighthand.showasanexample提出（作为榜样）TheteacheralwaysholdsupTomasamodelofhardwork.todelay阻滞Thebuildingofthenewroadhasheldupbybadweather.短语：holdback使固定；阻挡holddown压制Holdto遵循；坚持holdtogether（使团结；连接在一起）5Handover移交；让与；交给某人

6、照料1）Thecaptainwasunwillingtohandoverthecommandofhisship.军舰的指挥权2)Thethiefwashandedovertothepoliceman.短语：handdown传给handover传递Handsup举手handout分发，分给6.Buttheybetraythemselveseverytimetheyopentheirmouths.但每次一张嘴说话，他们就原形毕露。betrayoneself无意中露出本性；背叛相当多的人面对金钱的诱惑便原形毕露。Quitealotofpeoplewillbetraythemselveswhentem

7、ptedbymoney.betray1）vt.giveawayormakeknown泄露（秘密）她不会把他的秘密泄露给我。他向所有的朋友透露了这个消息。Hebetrayedthenewstoallhisfriends.2）vt.tobedisloyalorunfaithfulto出卖；背叛他的最好的朋友背叛了他.Hisbestfriendbetrayedhim.他背叛祖国，向敌人投降了.Hebetrayedhiscountrytotheenemy(3)tobeasignof(sth.Onewouldliketohide)显露；显示他的脸显露出他很生气。Hisfacebetrayedthathe

8、wasangry.betray+n.+to出卖，背叛betray+n.+(tobe)/-that表示“无意中显示，暴露”名词形式betrayal如anactofbetrayal背叛的行为Everytime每一次；下列名词词组可作为连词使用：themoment,thesecond,theminute,theinstant,anytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime等。例如：ThemomentIheardthenewsthatshehadbeenadmittedintoOxfordUniversity,Isentane-mailtocongratulateher.7.Cond

9、emnvt.谴责(1)condemnsb./sth.谴责某人/某事大部分人谴责任何形式的暴力行为。Mostpeoplecondemnanysortofviolence.(2)becondemnedtodeath/besentencedtodeath被判死刑那个罪犯被判处死刑。Thecriminalwascondemnedtodeath.(3)condemnsb.todo$也使注定他的病使他被迫一直呆在床上。Hisillnesscondemnedhimtobeinbedallthetime.acquaintancen.相识;了解Ihavesomeacquaintancewiththelangua

10、ge.我很久以前已经认识他了.Imadehisacquaintancelongago.makeonesacquaintance/maketheacquaintanceofsb.结识某人befamiliarwith/beacquaintedwith对熟悉acquaintsb.with使某人了解.ahandfulof一把，少数的(人)我给了那个男孩一把糖。Igavetheboyahandfulofsweets.我们邀请了12人，但只有几个人来。Weinvited12,butonlyahandfulofthemcame.abasketful一篮子abagfulof一书包amouthfulof一口ap

11、ocketfulof一袋.inamazement惊讶地当她撕烂那张合同然后仍掉的时候,我们都惊讶地望着她。Wewatchedinamazementasshetoreupthecontractandthrewit.toonesamazement使某人惊奇的是使我惊奇的是，我得了一等奖。TomyamazementIgotthefirstprize.afortune!一笔财富Usuccess;goodluck成功;好运,幸运Fortunesmiledonhim.他事事顺利.Bygoodfortunehewasnothurt.C未来的命运;运道;运气3)Whatwillbeourfortune?4)O

12、nedaygoodfortunebefellhim.C财富Hereceivedalargefortunewhenhisfatherdied.Fortunateadj.幸运的fortunatelyadv.幸运地短语:makeafortune发财seekonesfortune外出找出路tryonesfortune碰运气befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.幸运地做某事12.Generallyspeaking,peoplearemorepolitetothosewhomtheythinkareofhighersocialclass.总的来说，人们对那些他们认为属于较高社会阶层

13、的人更礼貌一些。本句中的of表示从属关系。例如：物以类聚，人以群分。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.beof+形容词+抽象名词=6?+副词+与该抽象名词同根的形容词。例如：我所说的非常重要。WhatIsaidisofgreatimportance.=WhatIsaidisveryimportant.可用于以上结构的抽象名词及相对应的形容词有：ability-able,help-helpful,importance-important,interest-interesting,significance-significant,use-useful,value-valua

14、ble13.superiorsuperior作为形容词有两大用法：作为普通形容词，意为“傲慢的”。例如：我讨厌他那傲慢的态度。Ihatehissuperiormanner.2)作为暗含比较级的形容词，意为较高级、较好的、较为优秀的。由于superior本身隐含着比较意义，因此不能在前面再加more。在与另一事物进行比较时，与之搭配的介词要用to,不能than。例如：约翰逊的数学比王先生好。JohnsonissuperiortoMr.Wanginmathematics.与superior用法相同的词还有inferior,senior,junior,prior等。比优越，不屈服于besuperio

15、rto低于beinferiorto比年长beseniorto比年轻bejuniorto例如：青铜不如金子。Brassisinferiortogold.他比我小很多岁。Heisjuniortomebymanyyears.我母亲在结婚前曾经是电工。Priortohermarriage,ermsof有两个意思:一个意为“根据”、“依照”“从角度”；另一个意为以的措辞。例如：Intermsofmoneywerequiterichbutnotintermsofhappiness.让每一个孩子根据自己的兴趣爱好选择书籍阅读。Leteachchildreadintermsofhisowntastesandc

16、hoices.他对你的工作大加赞赏。Hereferredtoyourworkintermsofhighpraise.indisguise意为“乔装”(1)我以为你是便衣警察。Ithoughtmaybeyouwasapolicemanindisguise.砥掰跳这位皇帝喜欢微有私访。Theemperorlikedtravellingin1disguise.联想：inneedof意思是需要。他需要理发了Heisinneedofahaircut.inneed意思是“在困难(穷困)中”。例如：我们应该帮助贫困的人。Weshouldhelpthoseinneed.betn.&vt.打赌Ivemadeab

17、etthatourteamwillwinthefirst.Hehasjustlostabet.Ibetyou($5)thattheywillwin.短语：Ibet我敢肯定win/loseabet赌赢/赌输Makeabeton就打赌17Deepinsth.专心；全神贯注；深陷1)Theyaredeepinprayer.HewasdeepinthoughtwhenIsawhim.Heisoftensodeepinhisbooksthatheforgetstoeat.形容词短语deepinsth.可用在句中作状语。Deepinthought,hedidntnoticethecarrunningtowardshim.同样用法还有：lost,determined,absorbed,interested等。18.Treat对待；看待(以某种方式对待和处理)(常与as连用);治疗；款待；享受；Shetreatedmeallright.Donttreatthisseriousmatterasajoke.Aretheyabletotreatthisdisease?Imgoingtotreatmyselfavacationinthemountain.ratherfanciedmyselfbecauseIcanpronouncetwen