版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、21/212016年6月英语四级真题第三套(文字版整理)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereinshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionASignsbarringcell-phoneuseareaf
2、amiliarsighttoanyonewhohaseversatinahospitalwaitingroom.Butthe_(26)popularityofelectronicmedicalrecordshasforcedhospital-baseddoctorstobecome_(27)oncomputersthroughouttheday,anddesktops-whichkeepdoctorsfrombesides-are_(28)givingwaytowirelessdevices.Asclericalloadsincreased,somethinghadto_(29),andtha
3、twasalwaysfacetimewithpatients,saysPatel,aformerchiefresidentintheUniversityofChicagosinternal-medicineprogram.Infall2010,shehelped_(30)apilotprojectinChicagotoseeiftheiPadcouldimproveworkingconditionsandpatientcare.Theexperimentwasso_(31)thatallinternal-medicineprogramadoptedthesame_(32)in2011.Medi
4、calschoolsatYaleandStanfordnowhavepaperless,iPad-basedcurriculums.YoullwantaniPadjustsoyoucanwearthisisthesloganforoneofthenewlabcoats_(33)withlargepocketstoaccommodatetabletcomputers.AstudyoftheUniversityofChicagoiPadprojectfoundthatpatientsgottestsand_(34)fasteriftheywerecaredforbyiPad-equippedpat
5、ientsalso_(35)abetterunderstandingoftheillnessesthatlandedtheminthehospitalinthefirstplace.SectionBAncientGreekWisdomInspiresGuidelinestoGoodLifeIsitpossibletoenjoyapeacefullifeinaworldthatisincreasinglychallengedbythreatsanduncertaintiesfromwars,terrorism,economiccrisesandawidespreadoutbreakofinfec
6、tiousdiseases?Theanswerisyes,accordingtoanewbookThe10GoldenRules:AncientWisdomfromtheGreekPhilosophersonLivingaGoodLife.Thebookisco-authoredprofessorMichaelSoupiosMourdoukoutas.byLongIslandUniversitysphilosophyandeconomicsprofessorPanosBThewisdomoftheancientGreekphilosophersistimeless,saysSoupios.Th
7、ephilosophyprofessorsaysitisasrelevantaswhenitwasfirstwrittenmanycenturiesago.Theretodayisnoexpiration(无效)dateonwisdom,hesaysThereisnoshelflifeonintelligence.Ithinkthatthingshavebecomeverygloomytheseday,lotsofmisunderstanding,misleadingcues,alotofwhattheancientswouldhavecalledsophistry(狡辩).Theniceth
8、ingaboutancientphilosophyasofferedbytheGreeksisthattheytendedtoseelifeclearandwhole,inawaythatwetendnottoseelifetoday.ExamineyourlifeSoupies,alongwithhisco-authorPanosMourdoukoutas,developedtheir10goldenrulesbyturningtothemenbehindthatphilosophy-Aristotle,Socrates,EpictetusandPythagoras,amongothers.
9、Thefirstrule-examineyourlife-isthecommonthreadthatrunsthroughtheentirebook.SoupiossaysthatitisbasedonPlatosobservationthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.TheGreekarealwaysconcernedaboutboxingthemselvesin,intermsofconvictions(信念),hesays.Sotakeastepback,switchofftheautomaticpilotandactuallystopandre
10、flectaboutthingslikeourpriorities,ourvalues,andourrelationships.StopworryingaboutwhatyoucannotcontrolDAswebegintoexamineourlife,Soupiossays,wecometoRule:Worryonlyaboutthingsthatyoucancontrol.TheindividualwhopromotedthisideawasaStoicphilosopherHisnameisEpictetus,hesays.AndwhattheStoicssayingeneraliss
11、implythis.Thereisalargerplaninlife.Youarenotreallygoingtobeabletounderstandallofthedimerisionsofthisplan.Youarenotgoingtobeabletocontrolthedimensionsofthisplan.ESo,Soupiosexplains,itisnotworthittowasteourphysical,intellectualandspiritualenergyworryingaboutthingsthatarebeyondourcontrol.Icannotcontrol
12、whetherornotIwindupgettingthediseaseswineflu,forexample.Hesays.Imean,therearesomecautioussteps.Icantake,butultimatelyIcannotguaranteemyselfthat.SowhatEpictetuswouldsayissittingathomeworryingaboutthatwouldbewrongandwasterfulandirrational.Youshouldliveyourlifeattemptingtoidentifyandcontrolthosethingsw
13、hichyoucangenuinelycontrol.SeektruepleasureFTohaveameaningful,happylifeweneedfriends.ButaccordingtoAristotle-astudentofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreat-mostrelationshipsdontqualifyastruefriendships.JustbecauseIhaveabusinessrelationshipwithanindividualandIcanprofitfromthatrelationship,itdoesnotnece
14、ssarilymeanthatthispersonismyfriend.Soupiossays.Realfriendshipiswhentwoindividualssharethesamesoul.ItisabeautifulanduncharacteristicallypocticimagethatAristotleoffers.GInourpursuitofthegoodlife,hesays,itisimportanttoseekouttruepleasures-advicewhichwasoriginallyofferedbyEpicurus.Butunlikethemoderndef
15、initionofEpicureanismasalifeofindulgence(放纵)andluxury,fortheancientGreeks,itmeantfindingastateofcalm,peaceandmentalcase.HThiswasthehighestandmostdesirableformofpleasureandhappinessfortheancientEpicureans.Soupiossays.Thisissomethingthatisverymuchwellworthconsideringhereinthemodernera.Idonotthinkthatw
16、espendnearlyenoughtimetryingtoconcentrateonachievingasortofcalmness,asortofcontentmentinmentalandspiritual,whichwasidentifiedbythesepeopleasthegighestformofhappinessandpleasure.DogoodtoothersIOthergoldenrulescounselustomasterourselves,toavoidexcessandnottobeaprosperous(发迹的)fool.Therearealsorulesdeal
17、ingwithinterpersonalrelationships.Bearesponsiblehumanbeinganddonotdoevilthingstoothers.JThisisHesiod,ofcourse,ayoungercontemporarypoet,webelieve,withHomer,Soupiossays.Hesiodoffersanidea-whichyouveryoftenfindinsomeofthewordsgreatreligions,intheJudeo-ChristiantraditionandinIslamanothers-thatinsomesens
18、e,whenyouhurtanotherhumanbeing,youhurtyourself.Thatdamagingotherpeopleinyourcommunityandinyourlife,trashingrelationships,resultsinakindofself-inflicted(自己致使的)spiritualwound.KInstead,Soupiossays,ancientwisdomurgesustodogood.GoldenRuleforagoodlifeisthatkindnesstowardotherstendstoberewarded.LThisisAeso
19、p,thefabulist(寓言家),themanofthesecharminglittletales,oftentoldintermsofanimalsandanimalrelationships.Hesays.IthinkwhatAesopwassuggestingisthatwhenyouofferagoodturntoanotherhumanbeing.Onecanhopethatthatgooddeedwillcomebackandsortofpayaprofittoyou,thedoerofthegooddeed.Evenifthereisnoconcretebenefitpaid
20、inresponsetoyougooddeed.Attheveryleast,thedoerofthegooddeedhastheopportunitytoenjoyakindofspirituallyenlightenedmoment.MSoupiossayfollowingthe10GoldenRulesbasedonancientwisdomcanguideustothepathofthegoodlifewherewestoplivingasonlookersandbecomeengagedandhappierhumanbeings.Andthat,henotes,isalifewort
21、hliving.toanancientGreekphilosopher,itisimpossibleforustounderstandeveryaspectofourlife.Philosopherssawlifeinadifferentlightfrompeopleoftoday.allyourbusinesspartnersareyoursoulmates.canliveapeacefullifedespitethevariouschallengesofthemodernworld.doerofagooddeedcanfeelspirituallyrewardedevenwhentheyg
22、ainnoconcretebenefits.toachievemeatalcalmnessandcontentmentiswellworthourconsiderationtoday.Soupiossuggeststhatweshouldstopandthinkcarefullyaboutourprioritiesinlife.philosophersstronglyadvisethatwedogood.wiseteachingsofancientGreekthinkersaretimeless,andareapplicabletocontemporarylife.harmtoothersan
23、dyoudoharmtoyourself.SectionCPassageOneAttitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshift.Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesntseemtobeagenerationaldivide.Th
24、epublicoverallissplitonwhethercleartheydliketouseadriverlesscar.Inastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.Thefacethatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformativetheshifttodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryo
25、newantsadriverlesscarnow-andnoonecangetoneyet-butamongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyengaged.Actually,thisisntsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimereluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedm
26、obilityordifficultydrivingontheirown,areoneoftheclassicuseeasesfordriverlesscars.Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedto
27、age.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyinterestedindriverlesscarscomparedwiththosewhohavelesseducation,59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38percentofthosewithahigh-schooldiplomaorless.Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivesincitiesandsuburbssai
28、dtheywantedtotrydriverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinruralareas.Whiletheresreasontobelievethatinterestinself-drivingcarsisgoingupacrosstheboard,apersonsagewillhavelittletodowithhowself-drivingcarscanbebecomingmainstream.Oncedriverlesscaresareactuallyavailableforsafe,theearlyadopterswillbethepeoplewhocan
29、affordtobuythem.happenswhenanewtechnologyemerges?furtherwidensthegapbetweentheoldandtheyoung.oftenleadstoinnovationsinotherrelatedfields.contributegreatlytotheadvanceofsocietyasawhole.usuallydrawsdifferentreactionsfromdifferentagegroups.doestheauthorsayaboutthedriverlesscar?doesnotseemtocreateagener
30、ationaldivide.willnotnecessarilyreduceroadaccidents.maystartarevolutioninthecarindustry.hasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations.doesthedriverlesscarappealtosomeoldpeople?savestheirenergy.helpswiththeirmobility.addstothesafetyoftheirtravel.stirsuptheirinterestinlife.islikelytoaffectonesattitudetowardth
31、edriverlesscar?locationoftheirresidence.amountoftheirspecialinterestamountoftrainingtheyreceived.lengthoftheirdrivingexperience.arelikelytobethefirsttobuythedriverlesscar?cated.weaIthy.techfans.PassageTwoInagrarian(农业的),pre-industrialEurope,youdwanttowakeupearly,startworkingwiththesunrise,
32、haveabreaktohavethelargestmeal,andthenyoudgobacktowork,saysKenAlbala,aprofessorofhistoryattheUniversityofthePacific,Later,at5or6,youdhaveasmallersupper.Thiscomfortablecycle,inwhichtherhythmsofthedayhelpedshapetherhythmsofthemeals,gaverisetothecustomofmiddaymeal,eatenwiththeextendedfamily,Mealthearel
33、argethefoundationofthefamily,saysCaroleCouniban.aprofessoratMillersvilleUniversityinPeensylvania,sotherewasaveryimportantinterconnectionbetweeneatingtogetherandstrength-eatingfamilyties.Sinceindustrialization,maintainingsuchaslowculturalmetabolismhasbeenmuchharder.Withthelongmiddaymealshrinkingtowha
34、tevercouldbestuffedintoalunchbucketorboughtatafoodstand.Certainly,therewerebenefits.Moderntechniquesforproducingandshippingfoodledtogreatervarietyandquantity,includingatremendous,increaseintheamountofanimalproteinanddairyproductsavailable,makingusmorevigorousthanourancestors.Yetplentyhasbeenlosttoo,
35、eveninculturesthatstilllivetoeat.TakeItaly.ItsnosecretthattheMediterraneandietishealthy,butitwasalsoajoytoprepareandcat.Italians,saysCounihan,traditionallybeganthedaywithasmallmeal.Thebigmealcameataround1.Inbetweenthemiddaymealandalate,smallerdinnercameasmallsnack.Today,whentimezoneshavelessandlessm
36、eaning,thereislittletoleranceforofficesclosingforlunch,andworseningtrafficincitiesmeansworkerscantmakeithomeandbackfastenoughanyway.Sotheformerlysmallsupperaftersundownbecomesthebigmealoftheday.theonlyoneatwhichthefamilyhasachancetogettogether.Theeveningmealcarriesthefullburdenthatusedtobespreadover
37、twomealssaysCounihan.dowelearnfromthepassageaboutpeopleinpre-industrialEurope?hadtoworkfromearlymorningtilllateatnight.weresobusyworkingthattheyonlyatesimplemeals.dailyroutinefollowedtherhythmofthenaturalcycle.lifewasmuchmorecomfortablethanthatoftoday.doesProfessorCaroleCounihansayabout.pre-industri
38、alEuropeanfamilieseatingmealstogether?washelpfultomaintaininganationstradition.broughtfamilymemberscloserstoeachother.wascharacteristicoftheagrarianculture.enabledfamiliestosavealotofmoney.doesculturalmetabolism(Line1,Para.3)referto?gress.oflife.doestheauthorthinkofthefoodp
39、eopleeattoday?qualityisusuallyguaranteed.isvaried,ductiondependstoomuchontechnology.doestheauthorsayaboutItaliansoftheolddays.enjoyedcookingaswellaseating.ateabigdinnerlateintheevening.atethreemealsregularlyeveryday.wereexpertatcookingmeal
40、s.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish。YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET2。乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇,坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方,有好多古桥、中式酒店和餐馆。在过去的一千年里,乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化,是一座展现古文明的博物馆。乌镇所有房屋都用石木建筑。数百年来,当地人沿着河畔建起了住处和集市。无数广阔美丽的庭院安家于屋舍之间,游客
41、们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现。参照答案参照范文:DearMary,IwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourhelpwhenIwasindifficulty。Youhavebeenverykindandhelpfulsincewekneweachother。Lastweek,Icaughtabadcoldandhadtostayathomeforaweek。WhenIwasworryingaboutthelessons,youcametomyhomeafterschoolandhelpedmewitheverysubject。Withyourhelp,Ididntfallbehindothers。Again
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 江西省宜春市袁州区2023-2024学年六年级下学期期末考试英语试卷
- 第一章人体需要的能量和营养素
- 黑龙江省大庆市实验中学2023-2024学年高三下学期阶段考试(八)语文试题(解析版)
- 重庆市南开中学2024-2025学年高三上学期数学测试题(9.29)(无答案)
- 电动自行车充车棚设计施工方案
- 知识管理在人力资源管理中的应用研究
- 领导力发展计划设计与实施效果评估
- 冷链配送行业影响因素分析
- 2023年自贡市自流井区舒坪街道机关聘用人员招聘考试试题及答案
- 2023年湛江市公安局霞山分局招聘警务辅助人员笔试真题
- 重症血液净化血管通路的建立与应用中国专家共识(2023版)
- 施工图审查记录表
- Unit3ConservationLesson1TheSixthExtinction课件高中英语北师大版(2019)选择性
- 重庆市两江新区2023年小升初数学试卷【含答案】
- 贫困生助学金申请表
- 航空航天概论课件
- 积厚成势 中国司法的制度逻辑
- 基于plc的换热站控制系统设计和实现论文设计
- 雕塑采购投标方案(技术标)
- 瑞幸咖啡案例分析
- 《让我们的学校更美好》课件ppt
评论
0/150
提交评论