初中现在完成时精讲专练

1、初中此刻达成时精讲及专练初中此刻达成时精讲及专练初中此刻达成时精讲及专练.此刻达成时精讲和专练一基本构造：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二句型：必然句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其余否认句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其余.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其余.简单答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(必然)No,主语+havent/hasnt.(否认)过去分词、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的组成规则与规则动词的过去式的组成规则同样。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work-worked-worked,visit-vis

2、ited-visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live-lived-lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将y变成i，再加“ed”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，尾端只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped2、不规则动词：型专业资料.hurthurthurtletletletcostcostcostcutcutcuthithithitputputputsetsetsetreadreadreadAAB型

3、beatbeatbeatenABA型becomebecamebecomerunranruncomecamecomeABB型bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtbuildbuiltbuiltburnburntburntcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundhearheardheardholdheldheldkeepkeptkeptlaylaidlaidleadledledloselostlostmakemademademeetmetmetsellsoldsoldsh

4、ootshotshotsitsatsatstandstoodstoodsweepsweptswept专业资料.teachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtwinwonwonABC型beginbeganbegunbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosendrawdrewdrawndrivedrovedrivendrinkdrankdrunkflyflewflownforgiveforgaveforgivenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozengivegavegivengrowgre

5、wgrownknowknewknownrideroderiddenriseroserisenringrangrungshakeshookshakensingsangsungsinksanksunkswimswamswumthrowthrewthrownwritewrotewritten三用法（A）此刻达成时表示过去发生的动作对此刻造成的影响或结果Ihavespentallofmymoney(sofar).(影响是:此刻我没有钱花了。)IhaventreadLittleWomenyet?(影响是：我对小妇人这本书不认识。)常有标记词：ever,never,sofar（到当前为止）,inthepa

6、st/lastfewdays（在过去几日）,already（已经；必然句）,yet（已经；否认，疑问句）,before（以前）,recently（近来），just（刚刚），twice等专业资料.说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于必然句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。比方：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaventfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?难点：此刻达成时可和疑问词where,why,how连用，但不可以和when连用。对时间

7、的发问只好用Howlong.如：Wherehaveyoubeen?WhyhaveyouturnedofftheTV?HowlonghashebeeninChina?HehasbeeninChinafor4years.不可以说：WhenhashebeeninChina?B）表示过去已经开始，连续到此刻的动作或状态，和表示从过去某一时辰连续到此刻的时间状语连用(for+时间段)；（since+时间点）,如:for+一段时间(for2years),since+从句(sincehecamehere),since+时间点名词(sincelastyear,since5daysago),foralongti

8、me等。Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black向来住在中国。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你来这里多久了？Ihavebeenhereforalongtime.注意：此种用法中表示连续动作或状态的动词必然是连续性动词（否认句除外）。比方：(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误：Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.正确：Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.你哥

9、哥从军多长时间了？错误：Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?专业资料.正确：Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier?短暂性动词与连续性动词之间的变换短暂性动词-连续性动词borrow/lend-keptShehasborrowed(kept)thebooksincetwoweeksago.catch-hadKatehascaught(had)acoldfortwodays.buy-hadIvebought(had)thisradiofor3years.puton-wornHehasputon()thene

10、wcoatforaweek.leave/go-beenawayTheyhaveleft()foroneyear.start/begin-beenonThefilmhasbegun()for8minutes.getup-beenupHehasgotup()morethantwohours.move-beenout(of)Jimsfamilyhavemoved()Beijingforover2years.finish-beenoverThefootballmatchhasfinished()fortwohours.open-beenopenThefactoryhasopened()since201

11、0.close-beenclosedThefactoryhasclosed()for2months.die-beendeadTheoldmanhasdied()sincethreeyearsago.join-beenin/beenamember(of)Herfatherhasjoined()thePartyfortenyears.Herfatherhasjoined()thePe/become/arrive-been(in)Theyhavecometo()thisschoolsince专业资料.2000四、句型变换连续性动词的此刻达成时的句型可以变换成：1、短暂性动词的一般过去式+一段时间+a

12、go2、短暂性动词的一般过去式+in+过去某一时间。3、Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since+短暂性动词的一般过去式4、一段时间+haspassed+短暂性动词的一般过去式如：Shehashadthepenfortwoyears.Sheboughtthepentwoyearsago.Sheboughtthepenin2009.Itis(hasbeen)twoyearssincesheboughtthepen.Twoyearshaspassedsincesheboughtthepen.五、比较have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave(h

13、as)beento.表示“去了某地回来了”，have(has)goneto表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或抵达那里还没有回来”。have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，如：HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.他(以前)到/去过上海.(但别人此刻必然不是在上海而是回来了)HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了.(或许刚出发出发,或许已经到了,或许还在路上,反正别人不在这里)Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.（呆在上海三年了）布朗先生来上海已经有三天了六、

14、此刻达成时态与一般过去时态的差别专业资料.1一般去表示作生在去，与在没关。而在达成表示作生在去，在造成影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（我昨天看影，在看不看不知道）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（去看影，在有影响，不想再看了）2一般去和表示去的状用，如：ago,lastweek，justnow,in2012,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday,once(以前)在达成常和recently（近来），ever,never,twice,sofar（到当前止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears,already（必然句）,

15、yet（否认，疑句）,just(),before（以前）用。在达成不与表示去的状用。此刻达成时练习A)用have,has填空:1.I_toldhimthenews.2.She_comebackfromschool.3.You_wonthegame.用since和for填空1._twoyears2._twoyearsago3._lastmonth4._19995._shelefthere6.HehaslivedinNanjing_theyearbeforelast（前年）.7.Iveknownhim_wewerechildren.用never,ever,already,yet,for,since

16、填空Ihave_seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.Jackhas_finishedhishomework_anhourago.专业资料.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool_tenyears.4.“Haveyou_seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave_seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_?”“Yes,ithas_left.”用动词的正确形式填空Ihavent_(see)himforfouryears.Thethiefhas_(steal)themoneyforthatoldwoman.Lindahas_(los

17、e)herkeys.Lucyhas_(hurt)herlegs.Haveyou_(buy)theexercisebook?按要求改写以下各句:1.Theyhavefinishedthehomework.(改成否认句)_2.Hehaslosthisbook.(先改成一般疑问句,再作必然与否认回答)_C)havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin的差别：WheresLucy?-Shehas_toarestaurantforlunch.Haveyou_tothisparkbefore.Ihave_thereonlyoncethisyear.Shehas_totheshoptob

18、uyanotebook.Yourelate,LaoWanghas_toGuangzhou.Hi,Imlookingforyoueverywhere.-Oh,Ihave_tothelibrary.7.Myaunthasnever_toRussia,soshedoesntknowwhereRussiais.专业资料.TheBlacksarentinBeijing,theyhave_toShenzhentogether.Hedoesntwanttoseeyou,sohehas_toanothercity.Beijingisabeautifulcity,I_Beijingfortwomonths.连续

19、性动词和短暂性动词之间的转变Hedied10yearsago.He_for10years/since10yearsago.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.He_thebookfor2weeks.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.He_themotorbikeforamonth.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.He_heresincethreedaysago.Thelight_for2hours.Helefthere2yearsago.He_fromherefor2y

20、ears.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.Thefilm_for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.Thedoor_foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.Thedoor_foranhour.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.He_a_forayear.He_thearmyforayear.连续性动作的动词的此刻达成时的句型和一般过去式句型互相变换：1、Themandiedtwodaysago.Themanhasbeendeadfor_.2、Thisfactoryopenedin20

21、11.Thisfactoryhasbeenopenfor_.IlivedinShanghaithreeyearsago.Ithasbeen_sinceIlivedinShanghai.4、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）专业资料.Threeyears_sincehermotherjoinedtheParty.5、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句变换)_twoyears_theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.F)单项选择。()1.Thefamouswriter_o

22、nenewbookinthepasttwoyear.iswriting.waswriting.wrote.haswritten()2.HaveyoumetMr.Li_？.Just.ago.before.amomentago()3.Howlonghaveyou_here?Ae.arrived()4.Ourcountry_alotsofar.Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven_.haschanged;well.changed;good.haschanged;better.changed;better()5._you_yourhomeworkyet?Yes.I_itamomentago.Di

23、d;do;finished.Have;done;finished.Have;done;havefinished.will;do;finish()6.We_XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.know.hadknown.haveknown.knew()7.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_twice.willsee.haveseen.saw.see()8.ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.Really?When_there?专业资料.willtheygo.didtheygo.dotheygo.havethey

24、gone()9.ZhouLang_already_inthisschoolfortwoyears.was;studying.will;study.has;studied.are;studying()10.Hisfather_thePartysince1998.joined.hasjoined.wasin.hasbeenin()11.Doyouknowhimwell?Sure.We_friendssincetenyearsago.were.havebeen.havebecome.havemade()12.Hehas_beentoShanghai,hashe?.already.never.ever

25、.still()13.Hurryup!Theplay_fortenminutes.hasbegun.hadbegun.hasbeenon.began()14.It_tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Is.has.will.was()15.MissGreenisntintheoffice.She_tothelibrary.hasgone.went.willgo.hasbeen()16.Myparents_Shandongfortenyears.havebeenin.havebeento.havegoneto.havebeen()17.Thestudentshavecleane

26、dtheclassroom,_?A.sotheyB.donttheyC.havetheyD.haventthey()18._hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_toChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived专业资料.()19.Hisuncle_formorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity20、_you_yourhomeworkye

27、t?Yes.I_itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish21、Hisfather_thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin22、Doyouknowhimwell?Sure.We_friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade23.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway24.Thefactory_sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened25.MaryandRose_friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome26.He_ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept27.Theweatherisvery