Module3TheViolenceofNatureGrammarandCulturalCorner

1、外研版外研版高一高一 (3)Module 3山东山东 王红燕王红燕Grammar & Cultural CornerGrammar IThe past perfect passive过去完成时被动语态过去完成时被动语态1. By the time the tornado ended, more than 700people had been killed.2. Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas.3. My computer had been all right till last wee

2、k.总结：动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完总结：动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成，且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语成，且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语存在被动关系。句中常用存在被动关系。句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导时间状语。等词引导时间状语。过去完成时过去完成时 1) 概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去 -|-|-|-|-|-|- 那时以前那时以前 那时现在那时现在 其构成是其构成是had+过去分词构成。过去分词构成。2) 用法用法a. 在在told, said, knew, heard, thought等等 动词后的宾语从句。动词后的宾语从句。 She said

3、 (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。时。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完等，用过去完成时表示成时表示 “原本原本，未能，未能”We had hoped that you

4、 would come, but you didnt.3) 过去完成时的时间状语过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。e.g.: 1. He said that he had learned some English before. 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 3. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he ar

5、rived at the party. 被动语态被动语态被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。只被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语态的有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语态的具体用法如下所表示：具体用法如下所表示：用法用法例句例句不清楚动作的执行者不清楚动作的执行者时候时候The Parthenon was built during this period.(2) His bike was stolen.没有必要或不想指出没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者谁是动作的执行者Paper was first made in China.(2) Do you know when th

6、e building was built?强调或突出动作的承强调或突出动作的承受者受者Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.(2) This painting was painted.Direct speech and Indirect Speech直接引语：直接引语：Grammar II直接引用原话直接引用原话, 放在引号内。放在引号内。用自己的话转述别人的话。用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语：间接引语：直接引语变间接引语的方法直接引语变间接引语的方法 直接引语为陈述句时直接引语为陈述句时, 变为间接引

7、语变为间接引语, 要用要用that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。如：如：“The storm was extremely violent,” said a local man. A local man said that the storm had been extremely violent.2. 直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语, 要用要用if/whether 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句, 并将原来并将原来 的疑问语序变为陈述语序。的疑问语序变为陈述语序。如：如：The teacher asked, “is every body here today?”Th

8、e teacher asked if every body was here that day.3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句, 变为间接引语变为间接引语, 用原来的疑问词引导从句用原来的疑问词引导从句, 并将疑句语序并将疑句语序 变为陈述语序。变为陈述语序。如：如：“What shall I do next?” the girl wondered. The girl wondered what she should do next. 4. 直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句, 变为间接引语变为间接引语, 一般一般 用以下结构：用以下结构：order/tell/ask sb. (

9、not) to do如：如：The headmaster said, “dont litter the floor with scraps of paper.”The headmaster told us not to litter the floor with scraps of paper.5. 直接引语变为间接引语时直接引语变为间接引语时, 宾语从句中宾语从句中的的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点状语点状语等都要作相应变化。等都要作相应变化。 人称的变化：人称的变化：遵循遵循一主、二宾、三不变一主、二宾、三不变的原则。即：的原则。即：直接引语中的直接引语中的

10、第一人第一人称在变成间接引语称在变成间接引语时，要和时，要和原句中的主语原句中的主语保持一致；保持一致；直接引语中的直接引语中的第二人第二人称在变成间接引语称在变成间接引语时时, 要和要和原句中的宾语原句中的宾语保持一致保持一致; 直接直接引语中的引语中的第三人第三人在变成间接引语时在变成间接引语时, 保保持不变。持不变。变化项目变化项目直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语时态变化时态变化一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过

11、去将来时过去完成时过去完成时 时态的变化时态的变化变化项变化项目目直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代指示代词词thisthese时间状时间状语语nowtoday, tonightthis week/monththatthosethenthat day, that nightthat week/month 指示代词指示代词/时间状语时间状语/地点状语等的变化地点状语等的变化yesterdayten days/weeksagotomorrow/next year. 地点状地点状语语here方向性方向性动词动词comebringthe day beforeten daysbeforethe ne

12、xt day/year.theregotake Volcanic eruption dont happen very often on the island. A scientist said that _2. No one was on the island during the volcanic eruption. A local journalist said that _ Exercise: Rewrite the sentences using the reporting expressions.3. The thunderstorm will put out the fires.

13、Local people said that _4. The residents can go back to their homes. The governor said that _5. Several eruption have taken place in the last twenty years. A local radio station said that _1. Volcanic eruption didnt happen very often on the island.2. no one was /had been on the island during the vol

14、canic eruption.3. the thunderstorm would put out the fires.4. the residents could go back to their homes. 5. several eruptions had taken place in the previous twenty years.Cultural cornerEarthquakes Around the PacificRead the passage and answer the questions.1. Where was the worst Chinese earthquake

15、? It was in Hua County in Shaanxi Province.2. What was the most dangerous thing about the California Earthquake? The fires caused by the earthquake.Hua CountyCaliforniaterrible earthquakesoccuraffectcoverbe killedin alllose ones lifethe worst earthquakethe firesburn destroybe killedbe made homelesscausedeaths What should you do if there is an earthquake in your town? 2. In order to help people who lost their families in the earthquake in Wenchuan, what did you do?DiscussionAll of you have witnessed the earthquake in Wenchuan. Now discuss the following question