用simulink对三相桥式全控整流电路仿真和谐波分析..

1、LANZHOUJIAOTONGUNIVERSITY新能源与动力工程学院用simulink对三相桥式全控整流电路仿真和谐波分析专业电力工程与管理班级电力工程与管理1101姓名李宁军学号201110844指导教师董海燕2014年11月2日用simulink对三相桥式全控整流电路仿真和谐波分析摘要：随着社会生产和科学技术的发展，整流电路在自动控制系统、测量系统和发电机励磁系统等领域的应用日益广泛。常用的三相整流电路有三相桥式不可控整流电路、三相桥式半控整流电路和三相桥式全控整流电路，由于整流电路涉及到交流信号、直流信号以及触发信号，同时包含晶闸管、电容、电感、电阻等多种元件，采用常规电路分析方法显得

2、相当繁琐，高压情况下实验也难顺利进行。Matlab提供的可视化仿真工具可直接建立电路仿真模型，随意改变仿真参数，并且立即可得到任意的仿真结果，直观性强，进一步省去了编程的步骤。本文利用Simulink对三相桥式全控整流电路进行建模，对不同控制角、负载情况下进行了仿真分析，既进一步了解三相桥式全控整流电路的工作原理，同时进行了FFT谐波分析，这对于评估电力电子装置对电网的危害和影响有非常重要的作用。对三相桥式全控整流电路交流侧产生的谐波进行仿真分析，从而证明了仿真研究的有效性在在现代电力电子技术中具有很重要的作用和很广泛的应用。1.工作特点和电路的构成：三相桥式全控整流电路原理图如图1所示。它由

3、三相半波共阴极接法(VT1,VT3,VT5)和三相半波共阳极接法(VT1,VT6,VT2)的串联组合。其工作特点是任何时刻都有不同组别的两只晶闸管同时导通，构成电流通路，因此为保证电路启动或电流断续后能正常导通,必须对不同组别应到导通的一对晶闸管同时加触发脉冲，所以触发脉冲的宽度应大于n/3的宽脉冲。宽脉冲触发要求触发功率大,易使脉冲变压器饱和,所以可以采用脉冲列代替双窄脉冲；每隔n/3换相一次，换相过程在共阴极组和共阳极组轮流进行,但只在同一组别中换相。接线图中晶闸管的编号方法使每个周期内6个管子的组合导通顺序是VT1-VT2-VT3-VT4-VT5-VT6,同一相的上下两个桥臂，即VT1和

4、VT4,VT3和VT6,VT5和VT2的脉冲相差n,给分析带来了方便；当a=O时，输出电压Ud一周期内的波形是6个线电压的包络线。所以输出脉动直流电压频率是电源频率的6倍,比三相半波电路高1倍,脉动减小,而且每次脉动的波形都一样,故该电路又可称为6脉动整流电路。d2.建模：根据三相桥式全控整流电路的原理可以利用simulink内的模块建立仿真接线如图2所示，设置三个交流电压源Va,Vb,Vc相位角依次相差120，得到整流桥的三相电源。：+!Ia:+JIbIdBIcC30VdCAvABBC_PUlseScope11iAAAABCUniversalBridgeConstantloadVabVcaa

5、lpha_degBlock1SynchronizedConstan6-PUlseGeneratorJvpowergui图2参数设置：三相电源电压设置为380V,频率设为50Hz，相角相互相差120度。变换器桥设置相当于六个晶闸管，只要有适当的触发信号，便可以使变换器在对应的时刻导通。设置同步电压的频率跟脉冲宽度分别为50Hz和10%，“alpha_deg”是移相控制角信号输入端，通过设置输入信号给它的常数模块参数便可以得到不同的触发角a,从而产生给出间隔60度的双脉冲。选择算法为ode23tb，stoptime设为0.06。1. 电阻负载仿真设置电路负载为纯电阻性，R=100Q。以下是分别在度

6、，30度，60度,90度，120度时的仿真结果（见图3-图32）。2. 阻感负载仿真设置电路负载为阻感性，R=100Q，L=le-3。以下是分别在a=0度,30度,60度,75度,90度是仿真结果（见图33-图54）仿真结果和PowerguiFFTAnalysis显示：1.电阻R=100Q,触发角a=30度5相相电压1000电流-1000-10图3liriinniiindInput:irsmrtHSignalnumber:1FFTwindowAvailablesignalsStructure:Starttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfiequenc

7、y(Hz):Iso-FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:Rar/VqIoHwo+cfiNomanto片IBasevalue:.0|Frequencyascis:Hannpnicorder,tMaxFreauency(Hz):1000Display|Close|FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarfrplstiwA+nfijnrismpntAhlBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:IHarmonicorderMaxFreauencv(Hz):1000DisplayCloseAvailablesignalsQiertrI+rrsrlhdFrV-G-

8、DisplayselectedsignalSel；Ctedsignal3cyclesFFTwiqdow(inred)：1壬丫八100.5000.010.02FFTanalysis0.03Time(s)1201008060oo/%40200.040.050.06lFundamental(50Hz)=009855卩THD=?1709%|ililllilhiili681012Harmonicorder14161820图6、触发脉冲FFT分析inmmiiniSignalnumber:Structure:FFTwindowStarttime(s):Fundamentalfrequency(Hzj:Num

9、berofcycles:1FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:BarfrelativetofundamentalBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClose-FFTwindowDisplaystyle:Stalltune(s):Numberofcycles:Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):Frequencvaxis:meordersuueicvTime(s)图7、负载电压FFT分析C?innIcrsrl.HFrfciWiDisplayselectedsignal

10、000.010.020.030.040.050.06FFTanalysisTime(s)图8、负载电流FFT分析AvsiilhlpQinnalcStructure:mpui:Iinm冷ilSignalnumbe匚1FFTsettingsDisplayAvailablesianalsStructure:IIl|JUL.linm咔匸Signalnumbe匚1FFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RsrfolKthratnfiinrlarnpntsinBa

11、sevalue:.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderIMaxFrequencv(Hz):1000DisplayClose7Availablesignals2.电阻R=100Q,触发角a=30度图9FFTwindowSiqnalnumbei：FFTwindowAh/oi-ahostructure:Displaystyle:Structure:Stalltune(s):Numberofcycles:Funclamentalfrequency(Hzj:Stalltune(s):Numbei-ofcycles:Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):orderMaxFr

12、eauencv(Hzi：HarTnfiinr：ntAnt：iBasevaue:Frequencyaxis:Time(s)H呂irnonic图10、三相电压FFT分析pSeoctodsignal:3oyolos.FFTwindow(inrod):1oyoloslbt-_ar-iTimo图11、三相电流FFT分析AvailablesignalslininniiirHJInput:1irsim*dJSignalnumbe匚1FFTsettingsDisplayFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:IRar卢ralotiwa+nfiirtrlamarYtsHSvIBasevalue:|1.0

13、IFrequencyaxis:Harmonicaider.MaxFreauencv(HzYwooIDisplayClose13Q1nnI+n-3nak*tq弘DisplayselectedsignalSelectedsignal:3cvclesFFTwindow(inred):1cvcL-|j-LL10.5Signalnumber:structure:lininniunl000.010.02FFTanalysis0.03Time(s)0.040.050.06150Fundamental(50Hz)=0080Q3,THD=39687%10050llill|IiIli681012Harmonico

14、rder14161820图12、触发脉冲FFT分析CJinn-aI+non-3Is*ta9Displayselectedsignal600400200wSefctedsignal:3cycles.FFTwipdow(inred):Jcycles000.010.02FFTanalysis0.03Time(s)0.040.050.06图13、负载电压FFT分析0Displayselectedsignal0Selectedsignal:3cycles.FFTwindow,(inred):1cycles1000.010.020.030.040.050.06FFTanalysisTime(s)图14、负

15、载电流FFT分析FFTwindowStalltune(s：i:Numberofcycles:FundainentalfrequencyHz):FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:iderMaxFrequency(Hzj:iireativetofundamentaiFrequencyaxis:value:1.0HarmonicDisplayFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarfrslstivR+nfundsrTiRntsnBasevalue:.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicaiderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000Display|Close

16、AvailshlinnalQStructure:input:Iinm“CSignalnumber:1T一FFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RorFraloiiwa+ndFirtrJarnarYfaRBasevalue:|Q|Frequencyaxis:Hariupnicorderri.,MaxFieauencvCHzl1000Display|IClose10003、电阻R=100Q、触发角a=60度0-5001050L负载1流、0.010.020

17、.030.040.050.06-5TimeoWset:图15oDisplayselectedsignal0.03Time(s)Stiucture:Availablesignals1linirmiiindInput:-I1irnimrldSignalnumber:100.010.020.040.050.06HarmonicDisplaystyl已:Freauencvaxis:MaxFreauencFFTsettingsHsarfFdlsrhifaTnfintdsaim&ntAiBasevaue:DisplayRsrfral卅+nfimrlsimpntanBasevalue:pLOFrequenc

18、yaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequenc*(Hz):1000Di名pl呂yCloseFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:图17、三相电流FFT分析Availablesignalsinmrinm-!Signalnumber:FFTwindowTime(s)FFTanalysislFundamental(50Hz)-0.05576,HD-574.65%l111lllllllilliihih200150structure:Stalltime(s):Fundamentalfrequency(Hzj:Numberofcycles:1100%50681012Harmonic

19、order14161820FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarfralativRtnfunriArriRntAhBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000JDisplayClose1图18、触发脉冲FFT分析C?ieeeI+nrErldHPR0DisplayselectedsignalTime(s)FFTanalvsis图19、负载电压FFT分析QDisplayselectedsignalTime(s)FFTanalysisFundamenta|(50Hz)-1.672)THD-138.34%0

20、2468101214161820HarmonicorderFFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:BarfrelativetofundamentaltBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequen阳(Hz):1000DisplayCloseAvailablesignalsStructure:mpuL.linmri-Signalnumbe匚1JFFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numbe

21、rofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50FFTsettmgsDisplaystyle:AsrfrAlsitivstcfunrismAntanIBasevalue:|1.0IFrequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClose0图20、负载电流FFT分析154、电阻R=100Q，触发角a=120度图23三相电流FFT分析1710000-100010=ffi0-10010005000ft#-500ft#10500.010.020.030.040.050.06-5TililT:0St图21Avai

22、lablesignalsStructure:1liniriniiirs*1Input:1innirtdSignalnumber:1FFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numbeiofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):Iso-FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:R-bf+nfiinrJsam&intaR1Basevalue:|1.0|Frequencyaxis:Hannpnicorder,tMaxFreauencv(Hz):1000Di合pl自y|Close|图22三相电压FFT分析Eandniliiiirr，qDisplayselect

23、edsignal0.01SeIecTeDsigNA3cyclesfFTwindow(inreD)：1cyCeso.oi0.020.04-0.0100.03Time(s)Numberofcycles:1Signalnumber:FFTwindow0.050.06annomcorderMaxFreauencvtHz):FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:AvailahlpsinnalRStructure:Rsrrrpstrnrp+nfiindAmpntAiBasevaue:Freauencvaxis:Stalltime(s):Fundamentalfrequency(Hzj:Displ

24、ayAvailablesignals0DisplayselectedsignalSelectedsignal：3cyclesFFTwindow(inred)：1cycles-1jL“LL*L0.010.020.030.040.0510.500.06FFTanalysisTime(s),Fundqmental(j0Hz)=p.03037,THD=069.01%300200100hllll.lilllliil681012Harmonicorder14161820图24触发脉冲FFT分析Signalnumber:Structure:lininniiin1FFTwindowFundamentalfre

25、quency(Hzj:Stalltime(s):Numberofcycles:1RarfrpsfiwptnfiinriAinAntAiFrequencyaxis:FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:MaxFrequencv(Hz):annomcoideiDisplayFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:AsarfFalsHwa+cfimrlam&ntssihBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxF已quencv(Hz):1000DisplayCloseAvilshlpsinnaliStructure:inpuL.Sign

26、alnumber:1kFFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numbei-ofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):也IFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:srFraloHug+zfiirb-amaintt-aRvBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:IHarmonicorderMaxFreauencv(Hz):1000DisplayClose图26负载电流FFT分析195、阻感负载R=100Q,L=le-3，触发角a=0度-100.010.020.030.040.050.06图27jiqnalnumbei:FFTwindo

27、wFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:Structure:Stalltime(s):Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):Freauencvaxis:orderMaxFieauencv(HzYTime(s)Numberofcycles:1Harmonic图28三相电压FFT分析TimeStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50Availablesignalsvalue:1.0DisplayAvsilhlp:innakIlininniiindInput:Iinm*TSignalnumber:1FF

28、TwindowFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:R-srFral/iupatnfiirbHomarvtolh-lBasevalue:1.0IFrequencyaxis:HannonicorderMaxFreciuencv(Hzl1000JDisplayCloseI图29三相电流FFT分析21AvailablesignalsStructuie:10.5Selectedsignal:3cycps.FFTwiqdow(inred):c闿les000.010.020.030.040.050.06Time(s)rr1analysisFundamental(50Hz)=01073THD=28

29、495%ie100；Im80%4-l1LL、LU11LLLIII.iillllllh.002468101Harmonicorder214161820id)DisplayselectedsignalllininniunlInput:Jlinmifr勺Signalnumber:J1FFTwindowStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RsrfrelstivRtnfunrismentsnBasevalue:|1.0|Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderM

30、axFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClose图30触发脉冲FFT分析U；mrI+Time(s)AvailablesicinalsStructuie:llininniunltInput:linnut41FFTwindowFFTanalysisX0r3-2.521.510.5-00Fundamental(50Hz)=2009THD=22138%Starttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):5068101214161820HarmonicorderFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:Barfrelat

31、ivetofundainentahBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):T1000DisplayClose图31负载电压FFT分析FFTsettmgsDisplaystyle:Rarfrplaitivptnfirirl口muntsslhIBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000IDisplayClose图32负载电流FFT分析236阻感负载R=100Q,L=le-3，触发角a=30度00.010.020.030.040.050.06图

32、330DisplayselectedsignalTime(s)FFTwindowAvailablesignalsStalltune(sj:Numberofcycles:Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):IlininniiindJInput:Iirsm*!JSignalnumbe匚Structure:Displaystyle:Frequencvaxis:FFTsettingsBasevalue:1.0Display图34三相电压FFT分析Signalnumber:-FTwindowStalltime(sj:Numberofcycles:Fundamentalfrequency(H

33、z):TimeFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarFralati、ratnfiinrl口mantsalhBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:Hanwnicorder.fvlaxFreauencvfHz):1000DisplayClose图35三相电流FFT分析25CJInrt-31+r*-3n-al*#tcsDisplayselectedsignalAvailablesignalsStructure:Selectedsignal:3cycles.FFTwindow(inred):1cvgfs-10.50.010.020.030.040.05Ilininni

34、ijn1Input:Jlinmri-PSignalnumbe匚J1000.06FFTwindowFFTanalysisTime(s)12010080604020Fundamental(50Hz)=009513THD=32390%ILLLL1IIiIliIIIliIIIliIIi68101214161820HarmonicorderStarttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarfrelstivRtcfundamentahBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxi

35、s:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000IClose图36触发脉冲FFT分析SignaltoanalyzeDisplayselectedsignal电)DisplayFFTwindow600400Aviilshlp至ifin訐丨窑Structure:IlinimniiindInput:2000.010.020.030.040.050.06Time(s)001FFTwindowStarttime(s):o.OIFundamentalfrequency(Hz):50匸10I口IIIUIIIUCIFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:aDisplaysele

36、ctedsignalSel图37负载电压FFT分析ODisplayFFTwindowjignalnumber:AvalabesianasStructure:lininniiin10.010.020.040.050.06000.03Time(sBaseVdlue:1.0FFTwindowStalltime(s):Numberofcycles:Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):armoniuorderMaxFreauencv(HzlDisplaystyle:alrretnfijnriAinpntAiFrequencyaxis:FFTsettingsDisplay图38负载电流FFT

37、分析277阻感负载R=100Q,L=le-3，触发角a=60-1001000500-50010Time:0sr0.010.020.030.040.050.06Displayselectedsignal图39AvailablesignalsStructure:1lininniiindInput:1irtmrt4Signalnumber:1FFTwindowTime(s)Starttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfiequency(Hz):FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:AsarFFalarfjwa+nfimrlam&ntssihv1Ba

38、sevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:HarmonicolderMaxFreque(Hz):1000DisplayClose图40三相电压FFT分析Fundamental(50Hz)=3.349,THD=67.08%02468101214161820HarmonicorderFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RsirrrAlstfiirp+nfiinrlsiiTipntsRBasevalue:|1.0Frequencyaxis:IHarmonicolderMaxFrequenc(Hz):1000DisplayClose0图41三相电流FFT分析29LL-|_LLL=

39、Ll匚unda.mental(0Hz)0077?4THD4041$%AvailablesiqnalsStructure:15010050illlllllliFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:68101214161820HarmonicorderRarfrelAitiwA+nfunriAmpntAnIBasevalue:.0|Frequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000Display|Close图42触发脉冲FFT分析Qinn-altn-an-akoDisplayselectedsignalSel：ctedsigna卜3cycle

40、sfftwngow/(inred).1cycles60040020000.010.020.03一FFTanalysisTime(s)0.040.050.06FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:Rsrfrplstiip+nfiinrlsmpntAnBasevalue:|1.0IFrequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClose图43负载电压FFT分析Starttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1Fundamentalfrequency(Hz):50AvailablesignalsStructure

41、:IlininniiindJInput:Iirqmrl-UJSignalnumbe匚1FFTwindowFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarFralai*i、ra+cfiimrlumarYtulSvIBasevalue:|1.0IFrequencyaxis:Harmpnicorder,ulaxFreauencv(HzllioooIDisplayClose图44负载电流FFT分析318阻感负载R=100Q,L=le-3，触发角a=75图45AvailablesignalsStructure:linirsniimdInput:；K5LdSignalnumber:1-FTwindo

42、wcEFundamentaL(50Hz)=058.2,THD=0.00%cE!-亠亠rrr1rrr0246810Harmonicorder1214161820图46三相电压FFT分析CinmI+erncIfcDisplayselectedsignalSelectedsicnal3cyclesFFTwindow/(inred)1cycles一-500.010.020.040.050.060.03Time(s)图47三相电流FFT分析Starttime(s):0.0Numberofcycles:1FundamentalfreauencvCHzlIso-FFTsettingsDisplaystyle

43、:RarFraloHwa+c*Fiirbr-amarM-aiRIBasevalue:|1Q|Frequencyaxis:Hanuonicorder,MaxFreauenc廿(HzY1000Di舍plClo醤eFFTsettingsDisplaystyle:RarfralativRtnfunriamRntanBasevalue:|1QFrequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClose41Sianaltoanalvze($：DisplayselectedsignalAvailablesignalsStructure:1LLLrr

44、LSelectedsignal:3cycles.FFTwindow(inred):1cyclesllininqjunlInput:input3Signalnumber:000.010.020.030.040.050.06Time(s)FFTanalysisFundamental(50Hz)=0.07734,THD=404.16%FFTsettingsDisplaystyle:Bar(relativetofundamental)Basevalue:QFrequencyaxis:HarmonicorderMaxFrequency(Hz):1000DisplayClo銅图48触发脉冲FFT分析SianaltoanalvzeaDisplayselectedsignalSelectedsignal:3cycles.FFTwindow(inred):1cycles000.010.020.030.040.050.06Time(s)-FFTanalysisHarmonicorderFFTwe社i