现在分词,过去作定语,意义上接近一个定语从句,表示一个正在进行的动作或者表示一个主动的动作ppt课件

1、1、意义如今分词可以单独作定语，也可以构成复合词作定语，包括限定性和非限定性用逗号与其他部分分开，在意义上相当于一个定语从句包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。2、构造(以do为例)自动式：doing被动式：being doneThe Present Participle as Attributive3、用法单个如今分词作定语常位于被修饰词之前。Dont wake up the sleeping boy.On the following day, the poor girl died.如今分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后。The bird singing in the tree is very

2、 beautiful.My uncle working in the south will be back in a few days.如今分词作定语，意义上接近一个定语从句，表示一个如今分词作定语，意义上接近一个定语从句，表示一个正在进展的动作或者表示一个自动的动作。例如：正在进展的动作或者表示一个自动的动作。例如：China is a developing country.China is a developing country. = China is a country which is developing. = China is a country which is develop

3、ing.中国是一个开展中国家。中国是一个开展中国家。 I saw a girl who is sleeping in the waiting room. =在候车室里我看见一个熟睡的女孩。在候车室里我看见一个熟睡的女孩。The man who is talking with our headmaster is Toms father. =I saw a sleeping girl in the waiting room.The man talking with our headmaster is Toms father.Practice正和校长说话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。正和校长说话的那个人是汤

4、姆的父亲。留意留意:用如今分词短语作定语时，要留意如今分词所表示动作发用如今分词短语作定语时，要留意如今分词所表示动作发生的时间。生的时间。 1.如今分词表示正在进展的动作变为从句时要用进展如今分词表示正在进展的动作变为从句时要用进展时态时态The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.= The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.There were a lot of boys on the playground playing football.= There were a lot

5、 of boys on the playground who were playing football.Did you see the man talking to the headmaster?=Did you see the man who was talking to the headmaster? 2.如今分词表示经常性的动作或如今当时如今分词表示经常性的动作或如今当时形状，变为从句时用普通如今时或普经过去时。形状，变为从句时用普通如今时或普经过去时。They lived in a room facing the south.= They lived in a room that f

6、aced the south.The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 1955.= The house that stands at the corner of the street was built in 1955. 并不是一切的定语从句可以用分词短语交换。并不是一切的定语从句可以用分词短语交换。The man who came this morning is our class teacher.Can you tell me the accident that happened yesterday?Those

7、 who have finished their work can go home now.Is there anyone who can answer this question?(The Past Participle as Attributive)1、意义、意义作定语用的过去分词相当于描画词，其逻辑主语就是作定语用的过去分词相当于描画词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。 I cant find the lost

8、pen. The retired man goes to the park every morning.2、用法、用法单个的过去分词作定语，常置于其所修饰的词之前，单个的过去分词作定语，常置于其所修饰的词之前， 有时也可置于所修饰的词之后。有时也可置于所修饰的词之后。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必需使我们的思想顺应改动了的情况。我们必需使我们的思想顺应改动了的情况。 We have no time left. 过去分词短语用作定语时，普通置于其所修饰的名过去分词短语用作定语时，普通置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意

9、义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简约，多用于书面语中。约，多用于书面语中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.= The concert which was given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为胜利。他们朋友举行的音乐会大为胜利。 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。前后常有逗号。 The meeting, attended by over five thousand peo

10、ple, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。多人。 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在方式上虽饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在方式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。直接有关。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着称心的表情举目而男孩带着称心的表情举目而视。视。 留意如今分词与其它非谓语方式作定语的区别：留意如今分词与其它非谓

11、语方式作定语的区别： 1 1、如今分词作定语，表示一个自动的、正在进、如今分词作定语，表示一个自动的、正在进展的动作。如：展的动作。如：The professor giving a speech about The professor giving a speech about pollution now is from Harvard University.pollution now is from Harvard University.正在做关于污染报告的教授来自哈佛大学。正在做关于污染报告的教授来自哈佛大学。2、 如今分词的被动语态如今分词的被动语态being+V-ed表示一个被动表示一

12、个被动的、正在进展的动作。它包含的意思是的、正在进展的动作。它包含的意思是: 正在被正在被The freeway being built now will lead to Xingang Seaport.=The freeway which is being built now will lead to Xingang Seaport.正在建立的高速公路将直通新港码头。正在建立的高速公路将直通新港码头。The question which is being discussed is very important. Do you know the boy who is being punishe

13、d by his parents? =The question being discussed is very important.=Do you know the boy being punished by his parents?3 3、如今分词的完成式、如今分词的完成式“having+V-edhaving+V-ed不能作定不能作定语，此时可以用一个定语从句替代。例如：语，此时可以用一个定语从句替代。例如：他了解昨天发生的事故吗？他了解昨天发生的事故吗？Do you know anything about the accident Do you know anything about th

14、e accident that happened yesterday? that happened yesterday? ( ) ( ) Do you know anything about the accident Do you know anything about the accident having happened yesterday? having happened yesterday? ( ( ) )4 4、 及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、曾经完成的动作。曾经完成的动作。 例如：例如：The computer center,

15、 built last term, is very The computer center, built last term, is very popular among the students in the school.popular among the students in the school.The computer center, which was built last term, is very popular among the students in the school.上学期建成的计算机中心很受学校学生的欢迎。上学期建成的计算机中心很受学校学生的欢迎。多数不及物动词

16、的过去分词不能作定语，只需少数不多数不及物动词的过去分词不能作定语，只需少数不及物动词的过去分词能作定语，及物动词的过去分词能作定语， 表示该动作在谓语表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前完成。如：动词动作之前完成。如：The path to the library was covered with fallen leaves.I need some boiled water now.PracticeThis is a picture which was painted by my father. = This is a picture painted by my father. The new tr

17、ain which was designed by this expert will be tested next month. = The new train designed by this expert will be tested next month.The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. =The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. 5 5、 不定式不定式to+V.to+V.作定语表示一个未来要发生的作定语表示一个未来要发生的动作。如：动作。如：The patient to be exami