财务专业英语

1、 SPECIALIZED ENGLISH Financial Management专专 业业 英英 语语 财务管理财务管理 ContentsChapter One IntroductionChapter Two Theoretical Framework underlying Financial AccountingChapter Three Accounting CycleChapter Four Basic Financial StatementsChapter Five The Statement of Cash FlowChapter Six Financial Statements

2、AnalysisChapter Seven Finance_ Debt FinancingChapter Eight Finance_ Equity Financing Chapter One: Introductionu、Words and Phrases: enterprise 企业 business 企业 firm 公司、商号 concern vt. 涉及 与有关 企业 general purpose （普遍）通用的 criterion 标准 enhance vt. 提高、放大 感兴趣 return on 回报、报酬 return of 回收 收回 financial position

3、财务状况 financial progress 财务进展 internal users 内部信息使用者 external users 外部信息使用者 tax accounting 税务会计 tax planning 税务筹划 income tax return 所得税申报表 debt-paying ability 偿债能力 liquidity 清偿，偿债能力 cash flow : inflow 流入 outflow 流出例：an inflow of bank deposits 银行存款的增加 u、Reading Comprehension Main Ideas: Definition of

4、Accounting: business language information system basis for decisionsTypes of Accounting Information:(1)Financial Accounting:Internal users External users: Owners . Creditors Governmental agencies Labor Unions SAP AGInsuranceTax StockholderAdminister justiceBankAuditorMedia ,Financial analystAdminist

5、ratorManagerEmployeeControllerThe border of directorExternal and Internal Users(2) Management Accounting(3) Tax Accounting3. Three Fields of Accounting Private Accounting Public Accounting Government Accounting (nonprofit organizations) 4. Extending your knowledge(会计道德） Multiple-choice question: P12

6、Q-1. Which of the following does not describe accounting? a. Language of business. b. Is an end rather than a means to an end. c. Useful for decision making. d Used by business, government, nonprofit organizations, and individuals.Q-2. To understand and use accounting information in making economic

7、decisions, you must understand: a. The nature of economic activities that accounting information describes. b. The assumptions and measurement techniques revolved in developing accounting information., c. Which information is relevant for a type of decision that is being made. d. All of the above.Q-

8、3. External users of financial accounting information include all of the following except: a. Investors. b. Labor unions. c. Line managers.d. General public.Q-4. Objectives of financial reporting to external investors and creditors include preparing information about all of the following except: a.

9、Information used to determine which products to produce. b. Information about economic resources, claims to those resources, and changes in both resources and claims. c. Information that is useful in assessing the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows. d. Information that is useful in

10、 making investment and credit decisions.Q-5 Which of the following are important factors in ensuring the integrity of accounting information? a. Institutional factors, such as standards for preparing information. b. Professional organizations, such as the American Institute of CPAs. c. Competence ju

11、dgment and ethical behavior of individual accountants d. All of the above. EXERCISEE1-1 You recently invested $12,000 of your savings in a security issued by a large company. The security agreement pays you 7 percent per year and has a maturity two years from the day you purchased it. What is the to

12、tal cash flow you expect to receive from this investment, separated into return on your investment and the return of your investment?E1-2 Divide into groups as instructed by your professor and discuss the following:a. How does the description of accounting as the language of business relate to accou

13、nting as being useful for investors and creditors?b. Explain how the decisions you would make might differ if you were an external investor or member of an enterprises management team. CASEC1-1. A friend learns that you are taking an accounting course. Knowing that you do not plan a career in accoun

14、ting, the friend asks you why you are wasting your time. Explain to the friend how you and your friends will use accounting information in a. Your personal life. b. The business of your friend, who plans to be a farmer. c. The business life of another friend, who plans a career in sales.C1-2 Ethical

15、 conduct and professional judgment each play important roles in the accounting process.a. In general terms, explain why it is important to society that people who prepare accounting information act in an ethical manner.b. Identify at least three areas in which accountants must exercise professional

16、judgment, rather than merely relying on written rules.Chapter TwoTheoretical Framework underlying Financial AccountingKey words, phrases, and special terms P21 1、Words and Phrases: intuition 直觉力 实践性 rest on/upon =set up 建立 on account=on credit 赊账 utility 公用事业 utility expense 水电费 materiality 物质性 , 重要

17、性 encompass 围绕 , 包含 constraint 强制,约束 hierarchy 等级制度2、Reading Comprehension (GAAP) (1)Assumptionu Accounting entity 会计主体 Separate entity 独立实体u Going concern 持续经营 Continue operation (or continuing concern)u measuring unit 计量单位 monetary unit 货币计量 stable-money-unit 稳定的货币单位u Accounting period 会计分期 Time-p

18、eriod 期间概念 Periodicity 定期 (2) Principles:l accrual basis & cash basislHistorical costlMatchinglRealizationlFull-disclosure (adequate disclosure)lObjectivelConsistencylConservatismlMaterialitylCost-benefit(3)Organizationl FASB (美）财务会计准则委员会l APB 会计准则委员会lAICPA （美）注册会计师协会3. Main Points1.Nature of a

19、theoretical framework2.Theoretical Framework First levelBasic objectives decision usefulness Second levelFundamental concepts Qualitative Characteristics Accounting Elements Third levelRecognition and Measurement Concepts (1.Assumptions b. Principles c. Constraints)3. Extending KnowledgeIndustry Pra

20、ctice 4. Multiple-choice question:Q2-1. An objective of financial reporting is to:a. Assess the adequacy of internal control.b. Provide information useful for investor decisions.C. Evaluate management results compared with standards. D. Provide information on compliance with established procedures.

21、Q2-2. A publicly held corporation is required to have its financial statements audited by an independent external auditor. The three purposes of these financial statements are to provide useful information (1) for credit and investment decisions, (2) about the firms resources, and (3) for A. Determi

22、ning the impact of inflation. B. Long-lived asset replacements. C. Assessing market values of assets. D .Evaluating prospective cash flows.Q2-3. The information reported in the statement of cash flows should help investors, creditors, and others to assess all of the following except the A. Amount, t

23、iming, and uncertainty of prospective net cash inflows of a firm. B. Companys ability to pay dividends and meet obligations. C. Companys ability to generate future cash flows. D. Management of the firm with respect to the efficient and profitable use of its resources.Q2-4. A statement of financial p

24、osition is intended to help investors and creditors A. Assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of prospective net cash inflows of a firm. B. Evaluate economic resources and obligations of a firm. C. Evaluate economic performance of a firm. D. Evaluate changes in the ownership equity of a firm.Q2-

25、5. According to text , Objectives of Financial Reporting by Business Enterprises, A. External users have the ability to prescribe information they want. B. Information is always based on exact measures. C. Financial reporting is usually based on industries or the economy as a whole. D. Financial acc

26、ounting does not directly measure the value of a business enterprise. EXERCISE 1E2 On February 1, 2000, a computer software firm agrees to program to a software package. Twelve payments of $10,000 on the first of each month are to be made, with the first payment March 1, 2000,The software is accepte

27、d by the client June 1, 2001.How much 2000 revenue should be recognized?Chapter Three Accounting Cycle1 . Words and Phrases: Key words, phrases, and special terms p38interval 间隔 order 次序 in order of date=chronological 按时间顺序original document=source document 原始凭证make an entry=journalize 作分录post 传递 邮递

28、过账 posting 过账 individual adj.个人的 单独的 individually adv.分别地 逐笔地 例：posting daily and individually 每天逐笔过账 Two-column” account “两栏式”账 “Three-column” account “三栏式”账 “T “account T型账minus 减去 deduct vt. 减去 扣除 less prep. 减去 subtract (from) vt. 减去 扣除 例：Four minus two is two 4 2 =2tax benefit 税收收益 2.Abbreviatio

29、n(缩略语）缩略语） Co. =Company 公司 Inc.=Incorporation 公司 Ltd.=Limited 有限的 a/c A/c= account 账户账目 A/o=account of .账户 Amt.=amount 金额总计 Dr.=Debit 借方 Cr.=Credit贷方 Rec.=receipt 收据 T.B.=Trial Balance 试算表 Ult.(拉) ultimo=last month 上月的 Yrs.=year 年年度 Bal.=balance 余额 Ref.=reference凭证号码（参考符号）备查 Exp.=Explanation 摘要 Desc

30、ription摘要 St.=Statement 报表 End. bal.=Ending balance期末余额 Beg. bal.=Beginning balance 期初余额 adj.=adjustment3. Main Points(1.)Accounting Cycle p27Make accounting entries p28-30Journalizing and posting p30-31Making end-of-period adjusting entries p31-33Work sheet p34Preparing financial statements p36-37(

31、2.) Worksheet4.Extending Knowledge p37 -Adjustment for taxes in unprofitable periodsChapter Four Basic Financial Statements 1 .Words and Phrases:Key words, phrases, and special terms p51 Other income (expense) 其他收入（支出） miscellaneous adj.杂项的混合的 concise 简明的简洁的 in contrast to 与对照相比 arrive (at)到达达账结出 re

32、ach结账 short-term短期 long-term 长期 long-lived asset=fix asset 固定资产 plant asset厂场资产 settlement 清偿 liquidation清算 due=maturity到期 discount折扣贴现 contributed capital 投入资本缴入资本approach=method=means=way 方法手段goods=merchandise商品 total总计 合计 subtotal小计 freight in=transportation in（进）运费 freight out=transportation out

33、（出）运费 delivery cost运费provision for 备付 profit-sharing plan （职工）分红计划2.Abbreviation(缩略语）缩略语） Gen. Exp.= General Expense 总务费 Adm. Exp.=Administration Expense管理费 Sales Dis.= Sales Discount销货折扣 Pur. Dis.=Purchase Discount购货折扣3. Reading Comprehension (Main Points)(1.) Balance sheetAssets=Liabilities + Owne

34、rs Equity (Stockholders Equity)Assets: 1)current assets 2) long-term assets (non-current assets):lfixed assets lInvestment (more than one year)l intangible assetsLiabilities: current liabilities long-term liabilities Owners Equity:(1) contributed capital (2)retained earnings2.Income Statement: uSing

35、le-step approachuMultiple-step approach3.Retained Earnings Statement4. Extending Knowledge _Combined Statement of Income and Retained EarningsMultiple-choice question p52 Q4-1. A set of financial statements:a. Is intended to assist users in evaluating the financial position, profitability, and futur

36、e prospects of an entity,b. Is intended to assist the Internal Revenue Service in determining the amount of income taxes owed by a business organization,c. Includes notes disclosing information necessary for the proper interpretation of the statements.d. Is intended to assist investors and creditors

37、 in making decisions involving the allocation of economic resources.Q4-2. Water world Boat Shop purchased a truck for $12,000, making a down payment of $5,000 cash and signing a $7,000 note payable due in 60 days. As a result of this transaction: a. Total assets increased by $12,000. b. Total liabil

38、ities increased by $7,000.c. From the viewpoint of a short-term creditor, this transaction makes the business more liquid.d. This transaction had no immediate effect on the owners equity in the business.Q4-3. A transaction caused a $15,000 decrease in both total assets and total liabilities. This tr

39、ansaction could have been: a. Purchase of a delivery truck for $15,000 cash. b. An asset with a cost of $15,000 was destroyed by fire. c. Repayment of a $15,000 bank loan. d. Collection of a $15,000 account receivable.Q4-4. Which of the following is (are) correct about a companys balance sheet? a. I

40、t displays sources and uses of cash for the period. b. It is an expansion of the basic accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity. c. It is sometimes referred to as a statement of financial position. d. It is unnecessary if both an income statement and statement of cash flows are avai

41、lable.Q4-5. Which of the following would you expect to find in a correctly prepared income statement? a. Cash balance at the end of the period. b. Revenues earned during the period. c. Contributions by the owner during the period. d. Expenses incurred during the period to earn revenues. Chapter Eigh

42、t Financial Statement Analysis 1. Key words, phrases, and special terms p182 assets management analysis 资产管理分析 accounts receivable turnover 应收账款周转率 current position analysis 流动性分析 current ratio 流动比率 debt ratio 资产负债率 financial statement analysis 财务报表分析 horizontal analysis 水平分析法 inventory turnover 存货周

43、转率 number of days sales in inventory 存货周转期 number of days sales in receivables 应收账款周转期 number of times interest charges are earned 利息保障倍数 profitability analysis 盈利能力分析 quick ratio 速动比率 rate earned on stockholders equity 股东权益收益率 rate earned on total assets 资产总额收益率 ratio of net sales to assets 资产周转率 r

44、ate of return on net sales 销售利润率 solvency analysis 偿债能力分析 vertical analysis 垂直分析法 ratio of liabilities to stockholders equity 产权比率2. Reading Comprehension (Main Points) (1) Procedures of Financial Analysis Horizontal Analysis Vertical Analysis Financial Statement Analysis Current Position Analysis A

45、ssets management analysis Solvency ability analysis Profitability Analysis(3) Extending your knowledge _ Ratio of Liabilities to Stockholders Equity Chapter Six Finance_ Debt FinancingA .Words and Phrases: callable可赎回的 callable bond可赎回债券 call price 赎回价值 redemption value偿还价值 future value=terminal val

46、ue终值将来值 nominal interest rate 名义利率 contract interest rate票面利率 effective interest rate实际利率 mortgage 抵押 mortgage loan 抵押贷款 mortgage bond抵押债券 debenture欠条借据债券 IOU=I owe you 欠条 debenture bond信用债券 face value=par value 面值 sinkvt.下沉沉淀积累 sink fund偿债基金lender 出借borrower 借入retire 退休收回注销retirement n.注销removal n.

47、除去注销resell转售 forgo放弃离去B. Main Points1.Type of bonds: Term bonds Serial bonds Secured (mortgage ) bond Unsecured (debentures) bond2.Interest of bonds: Two rates: Contract interest rate (stated interest rate) Market interest rate (effective interest rate)3.Issuing Bonds Payable(1)lIssuing bonds at par

48、lIssuing bonds at a discountlIssuing bonds at a premium(2) Amortization of Bond Discount and premiumuStraight-line methoduEffective-interest method4.Retirement of Bonds5.Convertible bonds6.Extending your knowledge _Advantage of Financing operations with bonds versus stockChapter SevenFinance_ Equity

49、 FinancingA . Key words phrases and special terms P147common stock 普通股Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par, common stock 资本公积 （普通股） capital stock 股本cash dividends 现金股利legal capital 法定资本par value 面值preferred stock 优先股retained earnings 留存收益stockholders equity 股东权益stock dividends 股票股利stock splits 股票分割treas

50、ury stock 库藏股 Words and Phrases: paid in capital 实收资本 authorized stock 核定的股票批准发行的股票 outstanding stock 对外发行的股票 charter （公司）章程 cumulative-dividend preference 积累优先股 non-cumulative-dividend preference非积累优先股 participating preferred stock 参加优先股 in arrears 拖欠 deficit 赤字B. Main Points 1. Definition of Stock 2. Classification of Stock 3 .Issuance Stock 4. Dividends 5. Stock Splits 6 .Treasury Stock 7. Donated Capital 8. Extending yo