直接引语变间接引语的七点变化

1、直接引语变间接引语的七点变化一、时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时， 若主句为过去时态， 变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要 将时态往后推一个， 即一般现在时变为一般过去时， 一般将来时变为过去将来时， 现在进行时变为过去进行时， 现在完成时变为过去完成时， 一般过去时也变为过 去完成时，等等 (若直接引语为过去完成时，变为间接引语可以不变 )。另外，若 直接引语中有情态动词 can, may 等，也应变成过去式 could, might 等 (情态动词 must可以变为had to,也可不变，should, ought to, had better等可以不变)。如： “I like to watch

2、 TV,” she said. 她说：“我喜欢看电视。”She said that she liked to watch TV 她说她喜欢看电视。He said, “ Im waiting for her.” 他说：“我在等她。”He said that he was wait ing for her.他说他在等她。“It will rain soon, ” he said. 他说：“很快就会下雨。 ” He said that it would rain soon. 他说很快就会下雨。“She can swim”, he said. 他说：“她会游泳。” He said that she c

3、ould swim. 他说她会游泳。注意： (1) 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变：The teacher said,“The earth turns around the sun”. 老师说：“地球绕着太阳转。 ” The teacher said that the earth turns around the su老 师说地球绕着太阳转。(2) 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变：He said, “ was born in 1954.” 他说：“我是 1954 年生的。”He said that he was born in 1954.他说他

4、是 1954 年生的。二、时间状语的变化 直接引语变间接引语时，有些时间状语根据情况也要相应的改动：如将 now 改 为 then,将 today 改为 that day,将 tonight 改为 that night,将 yesterday改为 the day before, 将 this month 改为 that mon th, 将 last week 改为 the week before 将 three years ago改为 three years before 将 tomorrow 改为 the next day, 将 next year 改 为 the next year, 等等

5、。如：He said, “ Im very busy now.” 他说：“我现在很忙。”He said that he was very busy the n 他说他当时很忙。He said, “ I want to leave today.” 他说：“他想今天离开。”He said that he wan ted to leave that day他 说他想那天就离开。He said, “ She left yesterday”. 他说： “她昨天离开了。 ”He said that she had left the day before 他说她前一天就离开了。 She said, “Ill

6、 tell you tomorrow. ” 她说： “我明天告诉你。 ”She said that she would tell me the next day 她说她第二天告诉我。以上变化有时应视情况而定，若在当时转述，now不必改为then；若在当天转述， today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改为 that day, the day before, the next day等; 若 在当周转述，this week, last week不必改为that week, the last week;若在当年转 述,this year, last year 不必改为 that

7、year, the last yea等(from )。三、代词的变化 在直接引语变为间接引语时,有些代词也要作相应的变化,如指示代词 this 和 these通常变为that和thoseo同时人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等也要根据具体情况作出合理的调整。如：He said, “I think this is the best.” 他说：“我认为这是最好的。”He said that he thought that was the best他 说他认为那是最好的。“Ill send you a card, Sue”, Ann said. “休，我将给你寄一张明信片，”安说。Ann told Su

8、e she d send her a card.安告诉休她将给她寄一张明信片。注：若场所和地点不发生改变，this和that也可以不变(from )。四、地点状语的变化主要涉及的地点状语是here,它在间接引语中通常要变为the如： “Ive live here for 10 years”,he said. 他说：“我在这儿已住了 10 年。”He said that he had lived there for 10 years他说他在那儿住了 10 年。 注：若在当地转述，则 here也可不必改为there。五、动词的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，有个别动词也可能需要改变，如come改为go

9、, bring改为take等。如：“He will come today.” she said. 她说：“他今天会来。”She said that he would go that day 她说他那天会去。注：若地点和场所未发生改变，come和bring等也可不变。六、词序的变化 对于直接引语为疑问句的情形，由于变为间接引语后“疑问句”变成了宾语从句， 所以要注意将疑问句词序改为陈述句词序。如 (from )：“Do you know this man?” he asked. “你认识这个人吗？”他问。 He asked if whether I knew that man. 他问我是否认识那

10、个人。“Is anyone late for class?” he asked. 他问道：“上课有人迟到吗？”He asked if whether anyone was late for class.他 问上课是否有人迟至叽“What do you do in the evening?” he asked “你一般晚上做什么 ?”他问。 He asks what I did in the evening. 他问我晚上一般干什么。七、句式的变化有时由直接引语变为间接引语时，其句式也要发生变化。如当直接引语为祈 使句时，变为间接引语时，通常应将祈使句改用 ask tell, order sb (

11、not) to do sth句式。如：“Cme early tomorrow, Jim,” h e said.他说： 告姆，明天早点来。 ”He told Jim to come early the next day. 他叫吉姆第二天早点来。He said, “Donotpen the door. ”他说：“别开门。”He told me not to open the door. 他叫我别开门。注： (1) 除动词 ask, tell, order 外，有时也可能用其他动词。如：“Remembetro switch off all the lights, s”he said. 她说：“记着把所有的灯 关掉。”She reminded me to switch