高中英语-定语从句复习导学案(共5页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上定 语 从 句 复 习 导 学 案 一定义：用来修饰或限制主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可以是整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。二. 类别：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 二者的基本区别：_ _ _三：定语从句中关系词的三大功能 作用关 系词连接作用替代先行词在从句中充当某一成分关系代词who人主语（在口语中亦可作宾语/表语）whom人宾语（在口语中可用who代，但在介词后只能用此词）whose人/ 物定语（可用of + which取代）which物 / 句子主语 / 宾语/ 表语that人 / 物主语 / 宾语/ 表语as人/物/句子

2、主语 / 宾语/ 表语关系副词when时间名词时间状语（可用“介词+which”取代）where地点名词地点状语（可用“介词+which”取代）whythe reason原因状语（可用“for + which”取代）四：常见考点：（一）.指物时只用that 或which 的情况（二）指人时that 与who的区别（三）如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词（四）Whose 用法及转换形式（五）as 与which的区别（六）介词+关系代词（七）定语从句中的主谓一致问题（八）定语从句与其他从句的区分详情如下：（一） .指物时只用that不用which的情况1，当先行词是all, little, few,

3、much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 2，当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。 3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 4 主句是There be结构，修饰主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：Theres still a room that is free. 5、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：We talked about the people and the villag

4、es that we remembered.6、当主句中有who,或which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免重复，定语从句要用that引导。例如：Who is the man that is standing by the door? (二) 指代人时只用who不用that的情况1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如：The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.2、在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。例如：

5、Theres a gentleman who wants to see you. 3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well. 4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。例如：The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very ha

6、rd. 注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如：The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.（三）如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词必须牢记一条：引导词不一定都是由先行词的定义来确定的，而是由关系词在定语从句中作什么成分来确定的。换句话说，先行词是表示时间的词，关系词不一定都是when,先行词是表示地点的词，关系词有时非where,先行词是the reason时，关系词why决非唯一 ，应仔细分析 关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。比较下面的句子 I still remember the days _

7、we spent in the countryside ten years ago.The days are gone forever _we didnt have enough to eat. A. when B. on which C. that D. for whichThe place, _I visited ten years ago, has turned big city.This is the very place _the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over 60 years ago. A. that B. which C. where D

8、.in whichHave you asked her for the reason _may explain for her absence? Is this the reason _ you were late? A. why B. that C. which D. for which（四）、whose用法及转换形式 whose引导定语从句时，其先行词可以指人，也可以指物，可以用“the+名词+of which(whom)”或者“of which/(whom) the +名词”代替“whose+名词”结构。例如： He studies in a school _buildings(=the

9、 buildings _/ _ the buildings) are built on top of a hill. I met a friend _ name(= the name _/ _ the name) I forgot then.判断句子对错：This is the country whose the capital was struck by an earthquake. I like the novel of which author has passed away. （五） as 与which的区别1 限制性定语从句中：as引导的限制性定语从句时要求先行词受 the same

10、, so，such或as 修饰， 定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、或者表语； which没有这方面的要求He used such expressions as he could find in the texts. They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented.Don't do so many things as you are not sure about. As many problems as existed have been settled.Many problems which/that ex

11、isted have been settled.比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （ _从句） It is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（_从句） 2 非限制性定语从句：as指代主句的全部或部分内容，常译为“正如”“就像”等，定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后, as后常接expect, know, report, expect, point out， say, see等动词的主、被动语态,；which指代先行词，也可以指代主句内容，所引导从句只能位于主句之后。 As we all k

12、now ,smoking is harmful to one's healthSmoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know . Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. He has resigned, which surprises all his colleagues. (六) 介词+关系代词 1. 定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯 The documents _ which they were searching have been recovere

13、d. I wanted to find someone _whom I could discuss books and music.He referred me to some reference books _which I am not very familiar. 注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们的位置应注意。如：The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.2. 先行词与介词的搭

14、配习惯这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers desk. Ill never forget the day _ which she said goodbye to me. 3. 表示所属关系的of which whomOn the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning _I dont understand. 4. 表示整体与部分关系的of which whomI have five Englis

15、h dictionaries _Longman Dictionary is the best. The buses, most _were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. I met the fruit-pickers, several _ were university students. 5. 表示同位关系的of which whomHer sons, both _work abroad, rang her up this morning. （七）、定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致:

16、1.I am not one who _ afraid of difficulty2.Dont choose me, who _not fit for this job3 This is one of the best films that _been shown these days.4 This is the only one of the students who _passed the exam.（八）定语从句与其他从句或句型的比较1，与强调句型的区别。判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was that”去掉后，主句的意思和结构是完整的。It was about 600 y

17、ears ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.It was BC.600 _ such an terrible earthquake happened. It was an exciting moment for those football fans _ _ they experienced for the first time in years .A. that B. which C. before D. when 2，that引导的限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别。区别在于：定语从句对先行词起着修饰、限定作用

18、；而同位语从句对先行词起着解释、说明的作用。引导词that在从句中的作用不同。在定语从句中，that既起连接作用，又须在定语从句中充当句子成分，如主语、表语，宾语(可以省略) ; 而在同位语从句中，that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分,但不可以省略。We all have heard the news_ our team won. （ ）We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.（ ）3，定语从句与状语从句的区别。状语从句是没有先行词的，整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语；定语从句是对先行词或主句起修饰限定作用的，所以介词+关

19、系代词 （for which, from whom）是不能出现在状语从句中Why do you want to leave _ you have such a new house? Why do you want a new house you've got such a good one already? Why do you want a new house _ you can put your books? A. when B. where C. which D. in which4，定语从句与并列句的区别。如果两个句子之间是分号，或有and，but，so等连接词，则这两个句子为

20、两个并列句；如果两个句子之间是逗号，且没有上述的连接词，则这两个句子之间就是主从关系，须有一个引导词引导。 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will always treasure. They have more than 100 books ; most of are English . Some new designs are urgent, and some of _ must be fantastic. A, which B, that C, whose D, them对比练习1

21、.We should go to the place _we are most needed. .We should go to the place_ needs us most.A. it B. where C. that D. what2 It was October _we met in Dalian for the first time. It was in October _we met in Dalian for the first time.A. that B. which C. when D. while3. He is such a good teacher_ we all

22、like him. He is such a good teacher_ we all like.A. whom B. that C. as D. which4 The news came_1_ the British Queens mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, _2_ isnt surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D.

23、 when; as 5 A modern city has been set up in the place _ was a wasteland ten years ago. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. A modern city has been set up _ there was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. when D. where6 _ is known to everybody, the earth is roun

24、d._the earth is round is known to everybody._ is known to everybody that the earth is round.A. That B. It C. As D. What7. All _ I need is a good rest. You know _ I need is a good rest.A. what B. all what C. that D. which 五高考多角度考查定语从句（一）、疑问句中考查定语从句1. Is this the farm _ you visited last week? A. where

25、 B. the one C. on which D. /(二)、倒装句中考查定语从句2. We came to a place, _ stood a big tower. A. which B. that C. / D. where(三)、 拆分词组和固定搭配3. The second is connected with the use _ the body makes of food.A. of which B. where C. to do D. that4. Why can't you realize the part _ they have played in our life

26、?A. which . on which C. when D. where(四)、添加插入语或状语5. The scientist has made another discovery, _ I believe is of great importance. A. that B. / C. which D. why(五)、插入非谓语动词6. Is this the man _ you want to have _the radio for me?A. who; repaired B. that; repaired C. whom; repairing D. that; repair学以致用：

27、1. Was it in the shop _ sold children's clothing that you lost your wallet?A. / B. where C. that D. when2. Thank you for the difficulty _ you have had painting the house.A. when B. / C. why D. where3. Is there anyone around the factory _ knows how to operate the computer?A. who B. which C. where

28、 D. in which4. The managers discussed the plan _ they would like to see _ the next year.A. that; carried out B. who; carried out C. which; carry out D. that; carrying out5. She was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth _ she had made _ with lots of spots.A. which; cover B. that; covered C. /;

29、 covering D. where; covering6. Lincoln, _ life was once hard, were elected President of American.A. for whom B. who C. to whom D. /高考真题演练 2011年高考定语从句1，【2011全国卷I) 31】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what2，【2011全国卷II）7】Ted came for the we

30、ekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which3，【2011北京卷）26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that4，【2011上海卷) 39】Youll find taxis waiting

31、 at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as5，【2011山东卷）32】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that6，【2011江西卷）34】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken

32、more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which7，【2011江苏卷）24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which8，【2011安徽卷）28】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or th

33、ree weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while9，【2011浙江卷）8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those10，【2011浙江卷）10】A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begin

34、s to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there11，【2011福建卷）24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who12，【2011福建卷）33】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall

35、of the wedding ceremony.AthatBwhenCsince Dbefore13，【2011四川卷）17】The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where14，【2011天津卷）10】The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which15，

36、【2011陕西卷）11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that16，【2011湖南卷)25】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 2010年高考定语从句（10福建）1. Stephen Hawking belie

37、ves that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose （10湖南）2. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which（10江西）3 The girl arranged to h

38、ave piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what（10山东）4. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What5. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which（10天津）6.- Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-You should try t