英语句子成分分析.doc1

1、英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。1主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。如:We are friends.我们是朋友。(人称代词Honesty is the best policy.(名词The sick and the old need our help。病人和老人需要我们的帮助。(形容词Running is good for health.跑步有益身体健康。

2、(动词-ingTo become a teacher is my dream.称为一个老师是我的梦想。(动词不定式That he forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused lots of trouble.他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。(从句It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (I t形式主语,主语从句是真正主语2谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。如:这两句话中单词study和a

3、re都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。We are students.我们是学生。(be动词The plane takes off at 8.飞机八点起飞。(简单动词Our school becomes more beautiful.我们的学校变得更加漂亮。(系动词 3表语:是谓语动词的一部分,它位于系动词或be之后,说明主语的身份、特征、属性或状态。My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是一个护士。(nurse名词表身份This table is long. 这个桌子是长的。(long形容词表特征Children fall asleep eas

4、ily.(形容词asleep表状态Seventy-four! You dont look it. (代词Five and five is ten. (数词The picture is on the wall.( 介词短语The question is whether they will come.(表语从句3宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:动词的宾语I like China. (名词 He hates you. (代词How many do you need? We need two. (数词We should help the old and the

5、 poor.(形容词I enjoy working with you. (动名词I hope to see you again. (不定式Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句2介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake? (名词3双宾语-间宾(指人和直宾(指物He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.4宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor.(名词We will make them happy.(

6、形容词We found nobody in. ( 副词Please make yourself at home. (介词短语Dont let him do that. (省to不定式His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(带to不定式 Dont keep the lights burning. (现在分词Ill have my bike repaired. (过去分词5定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如:This is

7、 a red sun.这是个红太阳。(形容词red修饰限定sunHe is a tall boy.他是个高个子男孩。(形容词tall修饰限定boyAi Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词He is our friend. (代词We belong to the third world.(数词The man over there is my old friend.(副词The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词The trees planted last year are growing well no

8、w.(过去分词I have an idea to do it well.(不定式You should do everything that I do.(定语从句6状语是修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。充当状语的有副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语、形容词、名词词组和从句等常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。I will go there tomorrow.(时间状语The meeting will be held in the meeting room.(

9、地点状语The meat went bad because of the hot weather.(原因状语He studies hard to learn English well.(原因状语He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.(结果状语If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(条件状语He goes to school by bike.(方式状语英语句子成分练习题(一指出下列句中主语的中心词 (4分,4分钟 The teacher with two of his students i

10、s walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficul t.(二. 选出句中谓语的中心词 (10分,10分钟 I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall T

11、he days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer Do you usually go to scho ol by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB.

12、 twinsC. haveD. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music Whom did you g

13、ive my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. Book(三 挑出下列句中的表语 (5分,5分钟 The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D They all became interested in the subject.A B C D She was the first to learn about it.A B C D(四 挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟 My br

14、other hasn't done his homework.A B C D People all over the world speak English.A B C D You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D The old man sitting

15、at the gate said he was ill.A B C D They made him monitor of the class.A B C D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.A B C D(五挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 (6分,6分钟 Sh

16、e likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading -room.A B C D He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D She found it difficult to do the work.A B C D They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playgr

17、ound just now.A B C D(六 挑出下列句中的定语 (6分,6分钟 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D What is your given name?A B C D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D I am waiting for the soun

18、d of the other shoe!A B C D(七挑出下列句中的状语(8分, 8分钟 There was a big smile on her face.A B C D Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must p