化工常用英语词汇

1、化工专业英语词汇化学专业课程中英文对照、化工装置常用词汇一概论introduction方案 （建议书 ）proposal可行性研究feasibility study方案设计concept design工艺设计process design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design开工会议kick-off meeting审核会议review meeting外商投资foreign investment中外合资joint venture中外合营joint venture补偿贸易compensation trade合同 合同附件 contract卖方vendor买方buyer顾客

2、client承包商contractor工程公司company供应范围scope of supply生产范围production scope生产能力production capacity项目project界区battery limit装置plant公用工程utilities工艺流程图process flow diagram工艺流程方块图process block diagram管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图steam & condensate bal

3、ance diagram设备布置图equipment layout设备表equipment list成品 （产品）product(final product)副产品by-product原料 raw-material设计基础数据 basic data for design技术数据technical data数据表data sheet设计文件design document设计规定design regulation现场服务site service项目变更project change用户变更client change消耗定额consumption quota技术转让technical transfer

4、技术知识technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证technical guarantee咨询服务consultative services技术服务technical services工作地点location施工现场construction field报价quotation标书bidding book公司利润company profit固定价合同fixed price contract固定单价合同fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同cost plus award fee contract定金 mobilization所得税 in

5、come taxes特别承包人税special contractor's taxes城市和市政税city and municipal taxes工作手册work manual工作流程图work flow diagram质量保证程序QA/QC procedures采购计划procurement plan施工计划construction plan施工进度construction schedule项目实施计划project execution plan项目协调程序project coordination procedure项目总进度计划project master schedule设计网络计

6、划engineering network logic项目质量保证project quality assurance项目质量控制project quality control采购 procurement采购周期procurement period会签 the squad check计算书 calculation sheets询价 inquiry检验 inspection保留金retention运输transportation开车start up / commission验收inspection & acceptance校核check审核review审定approve版次version部门

7、department专业specialty项目号project number图号drawing number目录contents序言foreword章chapter节section项itemMRmaterial requisitionSPECengineering specificationDATA SHEET （技术表）technical data sheetTBA（技术评标）technical bid analysisPDPpreliminary design packageLDE（ 专业负责人 ）lead discipline engineerMRQ（材料询价单 ）Material re

8、quisition for quotationMRP（材料采购单 ）material requisition for purchaseBEP（基础工程设计包 ）basic engineering packageP&ID（ 管道及仪表流程图)piping and instrument drawing(diagram)PFDprocess flow diagramNNFnormally no flowFOfailure openFCfailure closeC/S/Acivil/structure/architectureDDP(详细设计阶段）detail design phase、工艺流

9、程连续过程continuous process间歇过程batch process工艺叙述process description工艺特点process feature操作operation反应reaction副反应side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation倾析decantation催化反应catalytical reaction萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis过滤filtration干燥drying还原reduction氧化oxidation氢化hydrogenation分解decomposition离解disso

10、ciation合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption结晶crystallization溶解solution调节modulate控制control悬浮suspension循环circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation沥取leaching破碎crushing煅烧caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation气化gasification冷冻refrigeration固化、结晶 solidification包装package升华sublimation燃烧combustio

11、n引烧ignition蒸馏distillation碳化carbonization压缩compression三、化学物质及特性固体solid液体liquid气体gas粉 powder片状粉未flake小粒granule结晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent还原剂reducing agent有机物organic material真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor贫液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水brine酸度acidity浓度concentration

12、碱度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固点solidificalion point沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率evaporation rate粘度viscosity吸水的water absorbent(a)无水的anhydrous(a)外观appearance无色的colorless(a)透明的transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalyst燃烧combustion引燃ignition自然点self-ignition temperature可燃气体combu

13、stible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile liquid爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere(environment)爆炸极限explosive concentration limit废水waste water废液waste liquid废气off-gas噪声noise pollution成分composition挠度deflection力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力 -应变曲线stress-strain diagram百分比percentage

14、环境温度ambient temperature工作温度operating设计温度design temperature(pressure)相对湿度RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥 sludge杂质impurity四、化工设备泵 pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵 double action recip

15、rocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump气升泵air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑ro

16、tary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers管道混合器line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter火焰清除器flame arrester分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decan

17、ter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器 adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头 sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary c

18、ompressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger萃取塔extraction column

19、填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配（布）器 liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶（底 ）层塔盘top （bottom） tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float va

20、lve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器 knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank球罐spheroid气柜gas holde

21、r湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier

22、穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher星型放料器 ,旋转阀rotary valve锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机ro

23、ller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机 fan罗茨鼓风机root's blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring 阀芯 （包括密封圈 ,杆等 ）trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮hand wheel手柄hand level (

24、handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板split wedge截止阀globe valve节流阀throttle valve针阀needle valve角阀 (角式截止阀 )angle valve偏心阀板蝶阀Y 型阀 (截止阀 )Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式 （薄片型 ）wafer typeoffset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀cant

25、ed disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞 cock衬套旋塞 sleeve cock隔膜阀 diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回

26、阀 check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀 foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀flap check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve安全泄气阀safetySV安全泄放阀relief valveRV安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type罐底

27、排污阀flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve电磁阀solenoid (operated) valve电动阀electrically(electric-motor)operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阀mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted b

28、ucket trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放汽阀 （自动放汽阀 ）(automatic) air vent valve恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap换向阀diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀breather valve减压阀pressure reducing valve控制阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differential pressure regul

29、ating valve切断阀block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阀jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve2管子 ,管件,法兰管子pipe（按标准制造的配管用管 ）tube（不按标准规格制造的其它用管 ）钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steelC.S

30、.pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢管stainless steelS.S.pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamlessSMLS steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔 (弧 )焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-pl

31、ate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand operated(manually-operated) valve（水）龙头bibb;bib;faucet旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀

32、vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve根部阀root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube壁厚wall thicknessWT壁厚系列号 schedule numberSCH.NO.加厚的 ,加强的extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的 ,双倍加强的double extra heavy (strong)弯头 elbow异径弯头reducing elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short ra

33、dius elbow长半径 180 °弯头 long radius return异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带支座三通base tee45°斜三通45° lateralY 型三通true"Y"四通 cross异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer管接头coupling;full coupling活接头union短管 nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bendU 型弯管"U"bend法兰端flanged

34、 end万向接头universal joint对焊的butt weldedBW螺纹的threadedTHD承插焊的socket weldedSW法兰 flangeFLG整体管法兰integral pipe flange三通tee钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰slip-on flange平焊法兰slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flangeLJF对焊法兰weld neck flangeWNF法兰盖blind flange;blind异径法兰reduc

35、ing flange压力级pressure rating(class)突面 raised faceRF凸面 male face凹面female face全平面 ;满平面flat face;full faceFF3.管道特殊件piping speciality粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时过滤器temporary strainer(cone type)Y 型过滤器Y-type strainerT 型过滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷咀 ;喷头spray nozzle喷射器eje

36、ctor取样冷却器sample cooler消音器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow补偿器compensator软管接头hose connectionHC快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel8 字盲板spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板rupture disk洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel C.S.铸铁cast ironC.I

37、.不锈钢stainless steelS.S.铝 aluminum铜,紫铜copper钛 titanium抗拉强度tensile strength非金属材料 non-metallic material塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃glass橡胶rubber垫片gasketGSKT平垫片flat gasket填料packing型钢shaped steel角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或 H 钢 wide flanged beam扁钢flat bar圆钢round steel; rod网络钢板checkered

38、 plate材料表bill of materialBOM材料统计material take-offMTO散装材料bulk materialstrap steel钢带综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summarysheetCPMSS汇总表summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line装置边界boundary limitBL区界 area limit设备布置equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高 ,立面elevationEL支撑点point of supportPOS工厂北向pla

39、nt north方位 orientation危险区hazardous area classification净正吸入压头net positive suction head绝对标高absolute elevation管道研究piping study坐标coordinate管道布置平面 piping arrangement planPAP管道布置piping assembly; layout详图detail"X" 视图view "X""A-A" 剖视section "A-A"轴测图isometric drawing索引

40、图key plan管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument diagramP&ID管口表list of nozzles地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管线号line number总管header; manifold旁路by pass常开normally open常闭normally closed取样接口sampling connection伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line全夹套管ful