高三英语虚拟语气课件

1、高三英语虚拟语气课件语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。句法形式）来表示。语气陈述语气陈述语气(the indicative mood)用来陈用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定，述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。否定，疑问或感叹等形式。people get aids after having been infected with hiv.her mother did no

2、t know that she had aids until after xiaohua was born.how should we act towards people who have aids?what a brave girl!语气祈使语气祈使语气(the imperative mood)用用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。劝告等。let me do it.please keep quiet in the reading room.虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个是用

3、来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在在条件条件从句中或从句中或让步让步状语从句中状语从句中)；一；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气虚拟语气一、在条件从句中一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句叫虚拟条件句)，表表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以以 do 为例为例)：虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中表示与事实表示与事实情况相反情况相反条件从句的谓语形条件从句的

4、谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情表示现在情况况过去式过去式(did)(be常用常用 were)would / could / might / should (用于用于第第1人称人称) +动词原形动词原形(do)表示过去情表示过去情况况过去完成式过去完成式(had +done)would / could / might / should +have done表示将来情表示将来情况况过去式过去式 (did)(were)should + do were to dowould / could / might / should + do虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句1.要是你早来几分钟的话，你

5、就能见到他了。要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。 2.if you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. (与与过去过去事实相反事实相反)2.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 if it were(were to be/should be) sunny tomorrow, i would come to see you. (与与将来将来事实可能相反事实可能相反)3.假如我是你的话，我现在就走。假如我是你的话，我现在就走。 if i were you, i would go now. (与与

6、现在现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气二、省略二、省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句当从句中有当从句中有 were, had 或或 should 时，可省略时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。而把它们放在句首。 if i were to meet him tomorrow, i should ask him about it. were i to meet him tomorrow, if he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try ag

7、ain. should he fail in the experiment if you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中had you come a few.虚拟语气虚拟语气三、错综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟）三、错综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟） 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：1. if they had studied hard, they could do it e

8、asily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。会容易些。 2. if he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。样好。 虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：if + 主主 + did(were), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形if i were you, i would try it again.if he

9、 were free, he would go with you.1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果他有空，他会与你一起去的如果他有空，他会与你一起去的。3.3.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。if i had one million dollars, i would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句if +主主 +had done sth, 主主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（动词完成式（have done）if he had wo

10、rked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。if he had been there, he could have seen the filmif i had married her, i would have been unhappy.3.3.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。2.2.如果他那时在那儿的话，他就能看到那部电影了。如果他那时在那儿的话，他就能看到那部电影了。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的

11、虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句( (通常有时间状语通常有时间状语) )if he came here tomorrow, i would tell him about it.if he were to come here tomorrow, i would tell him.1.1.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他这件事我会告诉他这件事.2.2.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他我会告诉他.if + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形

12、条件状语的倒装：条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有如果条件状语中有were, had, should时时, , 可以倒可以倒装成：装成：were / should / had + +主主+ +其他其他were i you, i would try it again. had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. if i were you, i would try it again.if he had been there yesterda

13、y, he would have seen the film.if it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.虚拟语气虚拟语气1.alan _ the party if he had gone to london. a. would have missed b. had missed c. would miss d. missed2.it was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy.he would be still alive today if he _ that drug.a.not take

14、 b.shouldnt have takenc.didnt take d.hadnt takenexercisesif you _tomorrow, you _find the new manager working in the office. a. should come; would b. would come; wouldc. will come; should d. comes; mightaif the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.a. ar

15、rives b. arrive c. had arrived d. has arrivedci didnt see your sister at the meeting. if she _, she would have met my brother.a. has come b. did come c. came d. had comed if my lawyer _here last sunday, he _ me from going .a. had been; would have preventedb. had been; would preventc. were; would pre

16、vent d. were; would have preventedaif he _he _that food. luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.a. was warned; would not have takenb. had been warned; would not have takenc. would be warned; had not takend. would have been warned; had not takenbif the doctor had come earlier, the poor child

17、_.a. wouldnt be lying there for two hoursb. wouldnt have laid there for two hoursc. wouldnt have lied there for two hoursd. wouldnt have lain there for two hoursdif you had told me in advance, i _him at the airport.a. would meet b. would had meetc. would have met d. would have meetcif there were not

18、 subjunctive mood, english _much easier.a. will be b. would have been c. could have been d. would bed_the exam, he would have attend a college.a. if he passed b. had he passedc. were he passed d. if he should passb_five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.a. if you should arrive b. if you

19、arrivec. had you arrived d. should you arrivec _it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the science museum.a. were b. should c. would d. willb 1. the boy who went swimming in the no- swimming zone drowned in the river. if the boy hadnt gone swimming in the no-swimming zone, he would

20、nt have drowned in the river. had the boy not gone swimming in the no-swimming zone, he wouldnt have drowned in the river.2. billy was badly bitten by mosquitoes because he forgot to use the mosquito net last night. if billy had remembered to use the mosquitonet last night, he would not have been bi

21、tten by had billy remembered to use the mosquitonet last night, he would not have been bitten by3. the mother carelessly put the knife within the babys reach, and the baby cut herself while playing it. if the mother had carefully put the knife out of the babys reach, the baby wouldnt have cut hersel

22、f. had the mother carefully put the knife out of the babys reach, the baby wouldnt have cut herself.4.the students got food-poisoning after eating the potatoes in the dining-room. if the students had not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room, they wouldnt have got food-poisoning. had the students n

23、ot eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room, they wouldnt have got food-poisoning.5. the parents put the thermos on the ground. their son kicked it and got burnt. if the parents had put the thermos in a safe place, their son wouldnt have kicked it and got burnt. had the parents put the thermos in a sa

24、fe place, their son wouldnt have kicked it and got burnt.4.the students got food-poisoning after eating the potatoes in the dining-room. if the students had not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room, they wouldnt have got food-poisoning. had the students not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room,

25、they wouldnt have got food-poisoning.虚拟语气虚拟语气1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望愿望( wish), 建议建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令命令(order, command)等。等。2、除除wish外，其它动词用外，其它动词用should + do 构成构成, should 可以省略。可以省略。3、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况：接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式

26、现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气例句1.我希望她能站在我一边。我希望她能站在我一边。 i wish she would be on my side. 2.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。i wish i were 30 years younger.3.我希望你能找到一个好职业。我希望你能找到一个好职业。 i wish (that) you would get a good job.4.他

27、想要是他没这样做该多好。他想要是他没这样做该多好。 he wished he hadnt done it. 5.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 he ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves. 虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 i wish i remembered the i wish i remembered the addressaddress. .我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）i wish

28、 he had not left.i wish he had not left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）i wish it would rain tomorrow.i wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish + that clausedid/werehad done would / might /would dowish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气exercises:“ have you visit

29、ed the science museum?”“ no, but i really wish i _.” a. had b. did c. have d. willai didnt go to the party, but i do wish i _there.a. was b. were c. had been d. wentci wish i _ you yesterday.a. see b. did see c. had seen d. were to seec the picture exhibition bored me to death. i wish i_to it.a. had

30、nt gone b. havent gonec. didnt go d. could not have goneahow i wish i _that! everybody present was angry with me.a. didnt go b. hadnt done c. wouldnt do d. wasnt doingb-he is a brave man.-yes, i wish i _his courage.a. have b. had c. will have d. would havebtom can take his car apart and put it back

31、together again. i certainly wish he _me how.a. teaches b. will teach c. has taught d. would teachd虚拟语气虚拟语气4、记住：记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，要用不同的语气insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式时，用虚拟形式，即，即 should + do;insist 表示表示“坚称，坚持说坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气时，用陈述语气，表示事实。，表示事实。suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。时，用虚拟形式。sugg

32、est 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。时，用陈述语气。例句例句1) the teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师老师建议建议我们课后把黑板擦了。我们课后把黑板擦了。 2) he insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他他坚持要坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 3) he insisted that he was right.虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句

33、中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气5. 在在would (had) rather(宁愿宁愿) 引导的宾语引导的宾语从句中从句中 当从句表示现在或将来的时间时当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要谓语动词要用一般过去时用一般过去时;表示过去时间时表示过去时间时,谓语动词谓语动词要用过去完成时。要用过去完成时。i would rather he/you came tomorrow than today.虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requireme

34、nt / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用 (should) + do.our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在表语从句中在表语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气同位语从句的同位语从句的先行词先行词常是表示说话人常是表示说话人愿望、愿望、建议、要求、命令建议、要求、命令等的名词。等的名词。 the suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. do y

35、ou know the order that you (should) keep watch.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在同位语从句中在同位语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气在句型在句型 “it is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的从句中的谓语后面的从句中的谓语动词用：动词用： should + 动词原形动词原形 例句例句1. its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。 2. its natural that she sho

36、uld do so. 她这样做是很自然的。她这样做是很自然的。3. its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气在在as if /though从句中，常用虚拟形式，即从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与表示与现在事实相反，用过去式现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过与过去事实相反用过去完成式去完成式 (had done).一、一、as if 连接表语从句连接表语从句 she looked as if sh

37、e were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.二、二、as if 连接方式状语从连接方式状语从 句句 she looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。he speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在在 as if 从句中从句中when a

38、pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been brokencthe actor is 58 years old. but he acts as if he _ a young man.a. is b. will be c. am d. weredthe clouds are getting darker and darker. it looks as if it _rain.a. is going to b. will c.

39、 was going to d. woulda虚拟语气虚拟语气1. if only 意为：若是意为：若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊; 真希望真希望.; 只要只要, 只要只要.就好就好 表示现在的情况表示现在的情况,应用过去式应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态应用过去完成时态 if only i had arrived in time!if only she didnt drive so fast.2. its (high/right) time that that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或过去时或should + do its time

40、 that you left/should leave here.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气虚拟语气3. 一些介词短语一些介词短语, 如如:but for(要不是要不是), without, otherwise(否则否则), 等等表示含蓄的条件表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要这时主句要用虚拟语气用虚拟语气 without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. but for my brothers help, i would not have finished it on time. i had to do

41、 sth.more important,otherwise i might have helped.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气虚拟语气1、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用常用(should) do表示虚拟形式表示虚拟形式, 主要主要用于名词性从句中。用于名词性从句中。2、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。事实相反用过去完成式。简单的归纳简单的归纳虚拟语气虚拟语气3. if only i _ to my parents! (

42、but i didnt.) a. listened b. had listened c. should listen d. would listen4. tom suggested that ann _ the house. a. sell b. sold c. shall sell d. would sell5. i wish this bus _ to the university. a. go b. went c. has gone d. had gone虚拟语气虚拟语气6. simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱吃得饱),

43、though his parents feed him very well. a. get b. getting c. got d. should get7. he is talking so much about america as if he _ there. a. had been b. were c. was d. been8. i _ you some money, but i hadnt got any then. a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent虚拟语气虚拟语气9. have you ever been to beijing? - no, but i wish i _. a. have b. will c. do d. had10. i dont think it is the right time that you _. a. will go b. went c. go d. must go11. 11. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as