[专业英语考试复习资料]专业八级分类模拟132

1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟132专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟132专业八级分类模拟132LANGUAGE USAGEPassage 1A four-year study by sociologists at The University ofManchester has found that women are much likely than men to 1make deep and lasting friendships. The investigation into socialnetworks by the Universitys Research Centre f

2、or Socio-CulturalChange found that men are more fickle and calculating about whothey should be friends. Women, on the other hand, stand by their 2friends through thick and thin. Adding to the bad news for maleprestige, the study confirms the stereotype which men are likely to 3base their friendship

3、on social drinking. Of the 10,000 individuals studying who took part in the 1992 4 to 2002 British Household Panel Surveys, women are much morelikely to stay with the same friends. Single people, elder people 5and white collar workers are also good at paring up. Middle classpeople are more likely to

4、 cast their net of friendship far more 6wider, or the working class tend to stick to their own kind. 7 Dr Gindo Tampubolon said the findings to female friendship 8 were double significant because the data suggest we are much 9more likely to socialize with people from our own gender-75 percent of bes

5、t friends were with the same sex. Dr Tampubolon, whois based at the School of Social Sciences, said: Friendshipbetween women seems to be fundamentally similar to friendship 10between men.1.答案:likelymore或muchmore解析 词汇错误。此句中出现了than，故likely应该用比较级，需在前面加上more，much可以用来修饰比较级，表示程度，此处much more表示“更加”，这题也可以直接将

6、much改成more。2.答案:friendswith解析 词汇错误。be friends with sb.是固定搭配，表示“和某人成为朋友”，故应加上with，此句的意思是“在择友方面，男性比女性更加易变和精明。”3.答案:whichthat解析 语法错误。此处是同位语从句，解释stereotype的内容，which不能引导同位语从句，故应该改为从属连词that，同位语从句中的that通常不能省略。4.答案:studyingstudied解析 语法错误。此处分词作后置定语修饰individuals，二者之间是被动关系，故应该用过去分词studied，相当于从句who were studied

7、，意为“被调查研究的1万个人”。5.答案:elderolder/elderly解析 词汇错误。elder一般指“(两个人中)年长的”，无比较级，若作名词“长者，前辈”则通常用复数形式，且后不接people。elderly作形容词，指上了年纪的人，older是old的比较级，泛指年纪较大的人，故此处应该用elderly或older，以符合文意。6.答案:(far)moremore解析 词汇错误。wide是单音节词，比较级为wider，前面不需要加more。7.答案:orwhereas/while解析 语篇错误。由上下文的语义判断，句间的逻辑关系应为对比关系，前句说到中产阶层的人更倾向有广泛的朋友

8、关系网，后句则说工薪阶层的人倾向于和自己同一层次的人交朋友，前后形成对照，故此处应改为whereas或while。8.答案:toon解析 词汇错误。此处表示“关于女性之间的友谊的研究发现”，findings后面通常用介词on，应把to改为on。9.答案:doubledoubly解析 语法错误。double作形容词，表示“双倍的，双重的”，此处应该用副词来修饰形容词significant，故应改为doubly。10.答案:similardifferent解析 语篇错误。短文开头第一段就已经表明女性之间的友谊关系更深入更持久，而男性在交朋友方面则更易变和精明，由此可知二者有着明显的区别，故应该把s

9、imilar改为different。Passage 2Americans circle of close confidants has shrunk dramaticallyin the past two decades but the number of people who say they 1have no one with whom to discuss important matters has morethan doubled, according to a new study by sociologists at DukeUniversity and the University

10、 of Arizona. The evidence showsthat Americans have more confidants and those ties are also more 2family-based than they are used to be, said Lynn Smith-Lovin, 3Professor of Sociology at Duke University and one of the studysauthors of Social Isolation in America: Changes in CoreDiscussion Networks Ov

11、er Two Decades. The study compared data from 1985 to 2004 and found which 4 the mean number of people with whom Americans can discussmatters important to them dropped by nearly one-third, from 2.94people in 1985 to 2.08 in 2004. The study paints a picture ofAmericans social contacts a densely connec

12、ted, close, 5homogeneous set of ties slowly closing in on themselves, 6becoming smaller, more tightly interconnected, more focusing on 7the very strong bonds of the nuclear family. That means less contacts created through clubs, neighbors and 8 organizations outside the home-a phenomenon popularly k

13、nownas bowling lonely, from the 2000 book of the same title by 9Robert D. Putnam. The researchers speculated that changes incommunities and families, such as the increase in a number of 10hours that family members spend at work and the influence ofInternet communication, may contribute to the decrea

14、se in the sizeof close-knit circles of friends and relatives.1.答案:butand解析 语篇错误。由上下文的语义判断，句间的逻辑关系应为并列关系，上一句说到在过去的20年里，美国人的密友圈大幅度缩小，下一句提到超过一倍的人说没人和他们讨论重要问题，二者在意义上属于并列关系，故此处应把表转折意义的but改为and。2.答案:more(confidants)fewer解析 语篇错误。前文已经提到美国人的密友圈缩小，第二段用研究数据显示能和自己一起讨论重要问题的朋友减少了。可见美国人的知己减少了，而不是增多了，故此处应改为fewer。3.

15、答案:areare解析 词汇错误。be used to表示“习惯于”，后接名词或动名词，used to表示“过去常常”，后接动词原形，此句要表达的意思是“和过去相比，现在美国人的朋友更倾向于以家庭关系为基础。”故此处用used to，符合上下文语义。4.答案:whichthat或whichwhich解析 语法错误。此处是宾语从句，引导词在从句中不充当任何成分，故应该用从属连词that，此处that也可以省略掉。5.答案:aas解析 词汇错误。paint.as意为“描述成”，此句的意思是“该研究把美国人的社会交往描述为一种连接紧密的、封闭的、同类人的关系”。6.答案:themselvesitse

16、lf解析 语法错误。此处指代的是set，故应改为单数形式itself。of ties表所属，用来修饰set，此处意为“关系”网。slowing closing in.为伴随状语对set进行补充说明。7.答案:focusingfocused解析 词汇错误。此处和前面的smaller, more tightly interconnected并列，作动词become的表语，故应该用形容词：focused，意为“集中的”。8.答案:lessfewer解析 词汇错误。less作为little的比较级，是用来修饰不可数名词，此处后接的contacts是可数名词复数形式，故应该用fewer。9.答案:lon

17、elyalone解析 语法错误。lonely是形容词，意为“孤独的，孤单的”，此处修饰动词bowling应该用副词，故要改为alone，表示“单独地，独自地”。10.答案:athe解析 词汇错误。a number of表示“许多”，the number of表示“的数目”。此句要表达的是“家庭成员工作的小时数增加”，故应该用the number of。Passage 3Over the years, Ive heard a fair number of slurs shouted atcampus cops. Seldom were they pig or fascist. Far more

18、often,they diminished the power of the officer, using words like fakecop or rent-a-cop. This is which the power and class dynamics 1get tricky. They are real cops. Employing by California, they are 2agents of the state. Theyve got weapons. And the payment is not 3bad at all. On the other hand, campu

19、s police at U.C. Berkeley and U.C. Davis, patrol kids whod call them failures if they grew up to be 4cops; kids who have more opportunities than the children of thecampus cops; kids who will most be more successful than campus 5cops; kids who even enjoy the ultimate loyalty of U.C. faculty andmost a

20、dministrators. Just look at what happened before U.C. 6Berkeley administrators sent in cops with batons, and U.C. Davisadministrators sent in cops with pepper spray. Predictive quarrels 7occurred. Batons and pepper spray were used. Images leaked. Andsuddenly administrators were launching investigati

21、ons! And 8issuing statements about how deeply they cared for the students!Did they fail to anticipate that the weapons would be turned onpassive protesters? Theyd do well to read Shooting an Elephant, George Orwells reflection on his time as a British imperial police officerin Burma, if so. To be cl

22、ear, I dont think imperialism is an aptanalogy when police forcibly remove from Occupy Cal or Davis 9protesters. And I do think Orwell helps us understand why officers 10who arent monsters might use wildly excessive force.1.答案:whichwhere解析 语法错误。此处是表语从句，引导词在从句中作状语，要用连接副词where引导。2.答案:EmployingEmployed

23、解析 语法错误。此处分词短语作状语，employ与句子的主语they是被动关系，故应改为过去分词Employed。3.答案:paymentpay解析 词汇错误。payment意为“支付：缴纳；报答”，放在此处与上下文语义衔接不上。pay作名词时，意为“工资”，而这里表示的是“校园警察有武器且薪水也不差”，故用Pay合适。4.答案:themthemselves解析 语法错误。由上下文语义判断，此处指代的是先行词kids，故应该用反身代词themselves，意为“如果长大当警察的话，孩子们会称自己是失败者。”5.答案:mostmostly解析 词汇错误。此处修饰动词be需要用副词，most作副词

24、，意为“很，非常”，mostly意为“主要地，通常”，此句要表达的意思是“将来通常要比校园警察更成功的小孩”，故应该用。mostly，符合上下语义。6.答案:beforeafter解析 语篇错误。根据上下文语义，下文所发生的事情，即警棍和胡椒水喷剂的使用，是发生在U.C.Berkeley administrators和U.C.Davis administrators派来带有武器的校警之后，而不是之前，故应该用after来连接。7.答案:PredictivePredictable解析 词汇错误。predictive意为“预言的，预告的”，predictable意为“可预见的；意料之中的”，此句的

25、意思是“争吵不出意料地发生了。”故用Predictable符合文意。8.答案:administratorsthe解析 词汇错误。此处特指U.C.Berkeley和U.C.Davis的administrators，且前文已经两次提到过administrators，故前面应该加上定冠词the。9.答案:fromfrom解析 词汇错误。remove作不及物动词。常和from搭配，意为“迁移，移居”，remove作及物动词，意为“去掉，排除，使消失”，此句要表达的意思是“警察用武力驱赶Occupy Cal或Davis protesters。”故应该去掉from。10.答案:AndBut解析 语篇错误。

26、由上下文语义判断，此句与上一句在意义上应是转折关系，上一句说到我认为“帝国主义”不是一个恰当的类比，下一句则说Orwell帮助我们了解警察为什么过度使用武力；从结构上来看，前句的I dont think与本句的I do think形成对照，故应改为表转折意义的连词But。Passage 4Funding public transit is one of the biggest problems facingcities today. Often the trouble is that a few high-cost, low-ridershiproutes drag down an entir

27、e system. That puts policymakers in atough spot. They might eliminate these unprofitable lines, that has 1been suggested before, but in doing so they would harm aconsiderate number of people who rely on that service as their 2primary mode of transportation. Over at New Geography, Steve Lafleur reviv

28、es the debate and argues that low fares are the part of the reason transit lines are 3struggling. In response, he offers an admittedly controversialsolution: Transit should operate on a for profit basis and its pricesshould closely reflect market forces-if it means that transit fares 4increase. The

29、idea of increasing ridership by raising fares is not with 5 some recent precedent. Writing last week at The New York TimesOpinionator blog, Lisa Margonelli points to a study from earlierthis year comparing transit ridership in Germany and the UnitedStates. Over the same period of time, German transi

30、t agenciesgrew ridership while doing something similar in what Lafleur 6proposes-namely, increasing fares and slashing service. More important than fare changes were the limits 7 simultaneously imposed on car travel. While German transitagencies did their best to attract riders to a higher-quality s

31、ervice,the government implemented a number of policies that madedriving less conveniently and more costly. In other words, 8high fares did lead to greater ridership on German transit, but only 9when coordinating with harsh automobile policies-not in isolation. 101.答案:thatas/which解析 语法错误。句子中间用了逗号，可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，引导词在从句中充当主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故应该用关系代词which来引导，也可以用as来连接，意为“正如”。2.答案:considerateconsiderable解析 词汇错误。considerate意为“体贴的；考虑周到的”，considerable意为“大量的