名词词义辨析

名词词义辨析,中学个性化王安妮,名词在高考中的考查重点：一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现，绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析，名词和表示数量词结合的考查，以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。解题方法：1.熟记近义名词的辨析2.熟记常见的不可数名词，单复数同形的名词，形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况，如：advice,furniture,equipment;means,works(工厂),series;police,cattle；family,audience等等3.掌握名词的抽象化和具体化4.掌握名词的所有格5.注意(复合)名词作定语时可单可复6.熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用,1.clothes,cloth,clothing,clothes:统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数cloth:指布，为不可数名词(指某特殊用途的布时可数clothes)clothing:服装的总称，指一件衣服apieceof,anarticleof,e.g.Mostofourclothesaremadeofcloth.Customersarequitesatisfiedwithourtableclothes.Foodandclothingarebeingtrainedtothequake-hitareas.Thisshopsellsarticlesofmensclothing.,2.sound,voice,noise,sound:自然界各种各样的声音voice:人的嗓音noise:噪音,e.g.Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.Wecouldnthearasoundhere.,3.family,house,home,home:家，住所，强调一个人成长，居住的环境和地方house:房子，住宅，建筑物本身family:家庭，家庭成员e.g.Thetwoguyswereseen.Hepostaphotoofhisfamilywhichwassuspectedtobeafakeone.,4.strength,talent,ability,skillstrength:力量，力气，优势，强度talent:才能，天才，才华ability:能力，能耐skill:技巧，本领，技术,【2012福建卷】25.一Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?一Well,youknow,Englishismy.Soitismybestchoice.A.strengthB.talentC.abilityD.skill,5.approach，means，method，way,approach-原指接近某人或某物,也可指对待或处理的方式或方法1)approachtoaplace2)approachtoatask/problem/situationmeans-用于抽象意义,可指为达到某目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等,尤指整套的方法,1)meansofdoingsth.2)dosth.bymeansof3)byallmeans4)bynomeans用于具体意义,常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等1)meansoftransportation,method-指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法,强调条理性及高效率1)teachingmethod/designmethod2)themethodofdoing/todosth.way-意为“方式,方法”,可指具体的方法,也可指抽象的方法,多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法,也可指个人特殊的方法、方式等1)awayofdoing/todosth.,【2006湖北】Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent_tothestudyofmathematics.A.approachesB.meansC.methodsD.ways,6.access，passage，way，approach,access-指拥有某物，可以使用和利用某物approach-含有取得，获得某物的过程的意思waythewaytodo/ofdoing方法passage走廊，通道,【2009浙江】Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy_tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.A.accessB.passageC.wayD.approach,7.intermsof，inneedof，infavorof，inpraiseof,【2011湖北卷,30】Whenaskedabouttheiropinionsabouttheschoolmaster,manyteacherswouldprefertoseehimstepaside_youngermen.A.intermsofB.inneedofC.infavorofD.inpraiseof,8.anumberof，amountof，aquantityof，anaverageof,anumberof-许多后接可数名词复数amountof-一般加不可数名词表数量,aquantityof-既可以加可数也可以加不可数anaverageof-表示平均数量,【2010江西】Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicensereached200,000,a(n)_of40,000peryear.AaverageBnumberCamountDquantity,9.signal,sign,mark,signal信号，暗号sign迹象，符号，手势mark标志，痕迹，分数,【2009湖北】Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasa_foreveryonetostandup.A.signalB.chanceC.markD.measure,outofshape变形outofdate-过时outoforder-混乱outofbalance-失衡,10.outofshape,outofdate,outoforder,outofbalance,【2006广东】Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadlyoutof_.A.dateB.shapeC.orderD.balance,11.exchange，bargain，trade，business,exchange交易，交换，兑换，交易所bargain交易，契约，协议，便宜货trade贸易，交易business商业，生意，事情,【2008山东】Iboughtadressforonly10dollarsinasale;itwasareal_.A.ExchangeB.bargainC.tradeD.business,【答案】B【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】bargain用作名词时,意为“廉价货,便宜货”,arealbargain意为“真便宜”。,12.atmosphere，state，situation，surrounding,atmosphere气氛，氛围，大气，大气层state状态，情形，国家，州situation情形，形势，局面surrounding环境，周围的事物,【2008湖北】Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendly_A.atmosphereB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon,13.outoftouch,outofsight,outofreach,outofdistance,outoftouch不联系，不接触outofsight看不见，在视野之外outofreach手够不着，拿不到outofdistance远离=faraway,【2011四川卷,13】AlwaysremembertoputsuchdangerousthingsasknivesoutofchildrensA.touchB.sightC.reachD.distance,sight-“景色”是可数名词时，往往指眼见的景色，如供人游览的“景”和“名胜”，但尤指人工制成的景。Oneofthebeautifulsightsisthecastle.那城堡是美景中的一个。scenery-不可数名词，含不管是否映入眼帘的风景。指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。Theroadpassesthroughthemostcharmingscenery.scene场面，情景，现场sceneofthecrime犯罪现场。view-从一个特定点观看到的景物,(尤指美丽的乡村的自然)风景/光、景色。多指从某一位置(如某一高处、远处、通过窗户等某个角度所看见的)景物、风景Themountainhotelofferedmagnificentviews.Youcangetawonderfulviewatthetopthehill.,14.sight，scenery,scene,view,【2007安徽】Thepracticeofhangingclothesacrossthestreetisacommon_inmanypartsofthecity.A.lookB.signC.sightD.appearance,【答案】C【考点定位】本题考查名词辨析。【解析】sight风景;look表情，样子;sign迹象,现象;appearance出现,显露。,15.soul，spirit，heart，mind,soul灵魂，心灵Spirit精神heart心，心脏mind想法，主意beofthesamemind“对看法相同，想法一致”,【2007陕西】Heandhiswifeareofthesame_;theybothwanttheirsontogotocollege.A.soulB.spiritC.heartD.mind,16.Power，strength,force,energy,power权力，权势strength力气，优势force力，武力energy精力,【2007福建】Youarealwaysfullof_.Canyoutellmethesecret?Takingplentyofexerciseeveryday.A.PowerB.StrengthC.forceD.energy,D,17.【2007山东】Icantsaywhichwineisbestitsa(n)_ofpersonaltaste.A.affairB.eventC.matterD.variety,affair私事，事情，（关系不长久的）风流韵事Marriedmalesupervisorswerecarryingonaffairswithfemalesubordinatesintheoffice.event事件，重要事情，大事majorsportingevents重大体育赛事matter问题amatteroftime时间问题,18.sense和feeling,【2005浙江】IamsureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary-hehasaprettygood_ofdirection.A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense,【答案】D【解析】senseofdirection指“方向感”。feeling指“感觉”，除身体外，还可指心理上的感觉。idea是“想法，意见”，experienc