高考备考英语语法之定语从句

高考备考英语语法之三 定语从句 概念导入 定语 修饰名词或代词的词或短语或从句 定语从句 用一个句子来修饰名词代词 但要放在名词 名词短语 或代词的后面 被修饰的名词 名词短语 或代词叫先行词 先行词和从句之间通过关联词连接 关联词 关系代词 who whom whose which that as what不能引导定语从句 关系副词 When where why注意 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担当成分 关系代词可以做主语 宾语 表语 关系副词在从句中做状语 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 1 Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学 他还有其他的哥哥 2 Hisbrother whoisnowadoctor alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege 他的哥哥是当医生的 常鼓励他要考上大学 他只有一个哥哥 解题方法指南 1关联词的确定 a 根据先行词 看是人是物还是地点b 看在后面的从句里面做什么成分2意义整合 通过第一步初步定下了关联词之后 结合句子的意思进一步整合确定所选关联词的准确性 分类剖析 1关系代词引导定语从句 Ihaveabrotherlikesplayingfootballverymuch 做主语 指人 Ihaveabrother whom that Iliketoplaywith 做宾语 Ihaveabrothermotorcariswonderful 做定语 Ihaveabrotherthemotorcarofwhomiswonderful Themotorcarbelongstomybrotheriswonderful 做主语 指物 Thisisahousethat whichislocatedinthesouthofthecity 做主语 指物 Thisisahouseinwhich where anoldmanlivedthreeyearsago 作状语 ThisisthemostbeautifulhousethatIhaveseen 做宾语 指物 Thisisthelasthouse Iwanttobuy 做宾语 指物 that whowhosewhich thatthat 区别 that与which1 which可引导非限制性定于从句 that则不能Hepassedtheexam whichmademeveryexcited 2 which可用在介词的后面而that不可以ThisisthehouseinwhichLunXunusedtolive 3 that和which都可以指物 但在下面四种情况下 只能用that不能用whicha all everything something anything much little few等不定代词Thereislittle that Icoulddoforyou b 当先行词被序数词修饰时Heisthefirstthat who cametotheclassroom c 当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlthat who Ihavemet d 当先行词被thevery theonly 等修饰时ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy e 在非限制性定语从句中用which不用thatHehadfailedintheexam whichmadehisfatherveryangry 关系代词as引导定语从句as也可用作关系代词 在从句做主语 宾语 表语1 as单独成句 引导非限制性定语从句 Asweknow asisknowntoall asweexpect asisexpected asisnatural 2 先行词被same such修饰时 定语从句常用关系代词as引导Ireceivedthesamecongratulationsasyoudid 区别 Hewantstogetthesamebookthatyouhave HeisnotsuchamanasIlikeAs与which引导定语从句的区别1 as译为 正如正像 which则不Asweallknow 2addedto2is4正如我们知道的那样 2加2等于4Hemustbelying whichcanbeguessedfromhisexpressions 他肯定在撒谎 这从他的表情上就可以猜出来 2 as引导定语从句位置灵活 而which引导的定从置于主句后面Asisknowntoall theearthgoesroundthesun as在句首 Wejumpedatthenewsforjoy aswasnatural as在句中 Hefailedtheexam whichmadehisfatherangry which用在句中 2 关系副词引导定语从句 1 when引导定语从句先行词往往是表示时间的名词如time day hour year等 且定语从句缺少时间状语October1 1949wasthedaywhenthepeople srepublicofchinawasfounded Ican tforgetthedaywhenImetyouinthepark区别 Igotawell paidjobontheday that which Iwillneverforget 2 where先行词是表地点的一些名词place room house street 且从句中缺地点状语 Thisistheplacewhere inwhichmymotherwasborn 区别 Thisistheplace that which mymotherwasbornin 3 why先行词通常是reason且定语从句缺少状语Thereasonwhyheislateiscleartoeveryone 区别 Thereasonthathegaveforhisbeinglateisunacceptable 习题精练 1 Don ttalkaboutsuchthingsof youarenotsure A whichB whatC asD those 2 Isthisthefactory youvisitedtheotherday A thatB whereC inwhichD theone 3 Isthisfactory someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday A thatB whereC whichD theone 4 Isthisthefactory heworkedtenyearsago A thatB whereC whichD theone 5 Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces couldn tbefound A thatB WhereC inwhichD inthat 6 Thefreezingpointisthetemperature waterchangesintoice A atwhichB onthatC inwhichD ofwhat 7 Thisbookwillshowyou canbeusedinothercontexts A howyouhaveobservedB whatyouhaveobservedC thatyouhaveobservedD howwhathaveobserved A 8 Thereasonis heisunabletooperatethemachine A becauseB whyC thatD whether 9 I lltellyou hetoldmelastweek A allwhichB thatC allthatD which 10 Thattree branchesarealmostbare isveryold A whoseB ofwhichC inwhichD onwhich 11 Ihaveboughtthesamedress sheiswearing A asB thatC whichD what 12 Hefailedintheexamination madehisfatherveryangry A whichB itC thatD what 13 We retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight A whichB whomC whoD that 14 Thegirl anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom ssister A whoissingingB issingingC sangD wassinging CABAAAA 15 Those notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed A learnB whoC thatlearnsD wholearn 16 Anyone thisopinionmayspeakout A thatagainstB thatagainstC whoisagainstD whoareagainst 17 Didn tyouseetheman A InoddedjustnowB whomInoddedjustnowC InoddedtohimjustnowD Inoddedtojustnow 18 Canyoulendmethenovel theotherday A thatyoutalkedB youtalkedaboutitC whichyoutalkedwithD youtalkedabout 19 Isthereanything toyou A thatisbelongedB thatbelongsC thatbelongD whichbelongs 20 Howdoyoulikethebook It squitedifferentfrom Ireadlastmonth A thatB whichC theoneD theonewhat ADBBDD 21 Mr Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept whohadalreadytakenthem A theonesB onesC someD theothers 22 Thetrain shewastravelingwaslate A whichB whereC onwhichD inthat 23 Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer thepapersarekept A whereB inwhichC underwhichD which 24 Antarctic weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround A whichB whereC thatD aboutwhich 25 It sthethirdtime latethismonth A thatyouarrivedB whenyouarrivedC thatyou vearrivedD whenyou vearrived 26 Itwasin1969 theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon A thatB whichC whenD inwhich 27 Maythefourthistheday weChinesepeoplewillneverforget A whichB whenC onwhichD aboutwhich BCBDCCA 28 wearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives A whichB thatC whoD where 29 Thehotel duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside A westayedatB wherewestayedatC westayedD inthatwestayed 30 Isitinthatfactory carsareproduced A inwhichB whereC WhichD that 31 ItistheSuezCanal separatesAsia Africa A which toB where fromC that fromD that with 32 Underthebridge however almostdirectlybelow wasasmallcanoe withaboyinit A thereB whereC itD which 33 Heisnot afool A such asheislookedB such ashelooksC as asheislookedD so ashelooks DDABDA 34 Isthatthereason youareinfavoroftheproposal A whichB whatC whyD forthat 35 HemustbefromAfrica canbeseenfromhisskin A thatB asC whoD what 36 Hehastwosons workaschemists A twoofwhomB bothofwhomC bothofwhichD allofwhom 37 I yourgoodfriend willtrymybesttohelpyouout A whoisB whoamC thatisD whatis 38 Heisamanofgreatexperience muchcanbelearned A whoB thatC fromwhichD fromwhom 39 Doyouknowthetownatall No thisisthefirsttimeI here A wasB havebeenC cameD amcoming 40 Idon tlike youspeaktoher A thewayB thewayinthatC thewaywhichD thewayofwhich CCABDAC 41 Thetwothings theyfeltveryproudareJim sgoldwatchandDella shair A aboutwhichB ofwhichC inwhichD forwhich 42 Thedinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe A w