托福独立写作开头段的写法ppt课件.ppt

独立写作开头段的写法 Adrian Structure MainIdea ReasonI ReasonII Conclusion Requirement OG Score5Anessayatthislevellargelyaccomplishesallofthefollowing Effectivelyaddressthetopicandtask Iswellorganizedandwelldeveloped usingclearlyappropriateexplanations exemplifications and ordetails Displaysunity progression andcoherence Displaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage demonstratingsyntacticvariety appropriatewordchoice andidiomatically thoughitmayhaveminorlexicalorgrammaticalerrors How Effectivelyaddressthetopicandtask 有效地阐明话题 Letpeopleknowwhatthetopicis Showyourpersonalopiniononthetopic Thedetailsandexamplestosupportyouropinion ParagraphI Paraphrasetheargument改述原题MainIdea发表自己的观点AdverbialofCause用一个原因状语简短地提及论据 a Whatthetopicis Displaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage demonstratingsyntacticvariety appropriatewordchoice topic一般就在题目中 为体现句法的多样性和用词的准确性 不能照抄原题 需要对原题进行恰当而准确地改述 即paraphrase Whatisparaphrase Aparaphraseofsomethingwrittenorspokenisthesamethingexpressedinadifferentway 柯林斯英汉双解大辞典 e g Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement Alwaystellingthetruthisthemostimportantconsiderationinanyrelationship Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer Howtoparaphrasethetopic 形式与内容的严格对应词与词的替换 synonym 词类替换 word phrase 词性替换 noun verb adjective noun 2 意义的对应 形式与内容的对应 词与词的替换 synonym 133 Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement Aperson schildhoodyears thetimefrombirthtotwelveyearsofage arethemostimportantyearsofaperson slife Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer Brainstorming aperson s one s someone simportant significant momentousofaperson slife inone slifetimeParaphrase One schildhoodyearsarethemostsignificantyearsinhislifetime 词与词的替换 synonym 9 Somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown Othersprefertoliveinabigcity Whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer Brainstorming prefertodosth wouldratherdosthlive reside dwellsmall littlebigcity metroplisParaphase Somepeopleprefertoresideinasmalltown Otherswouldratherliveinametroplis 词类替换 b word phrase11 Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement Universitiesshouldgivethesameamountofmoneytotheirstudents sportsactivitiesastheygivetotheiruniversitylibraries Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion Brainstorming shoulddo berequiredtodo besupposedtodothesameamountofmoney theequivalentmoneyParaphase Unversitiesaresupposedtorendertheequivalentmoneytotheirstudents sportsactivitiesastheydototheuniversitylibraries 词性替换 c noun verb adjective noun35 Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement Attendingaliveperformance forexample aplay concert orsportingevent ismoreenjoyablethanwatchingthesameeventontelevision Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion Brainstorming attendsth attendanceinsthbemoreenjoyable have bring producemorejoy delight pleasureParaphase Attendanceinaliveperformancebringsmorepleasurethanwatchingthesameoneontelevison 意义的对应 9 Somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown Othersprefertoliveinabigcity Whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer Paraphrase Nowadays peopleseldomagreewitheachothereveninsuchtrivialissuesaspreferancebetweenlivinginabigcityandasmalltown 133 Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement Aperson schildhoodyears thetimefrombirthtotwelveyearsofage arethemostimportantyearsofaperson slife Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer Paraphrase Whenlookingbackuponhislifetime onemayregardhischildhoodasthemostsignificantperiodinhislifetime SentenceI 1 在形式与内容对应的改述中 一般格式较为固定 Nowadays peopleoftenconsider regard holdthat Nowadays peopletendto wouldliketo Inmostcases peopleargue contendthat Inmodernsociety thereisatendency phenomenon controversythat Nowadays somepeople whileothers 2 在只有意义对应的改述中 格式较为自由 开放 可以展示更多的语法可能性与表达的多样性 Examples Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement Onlypeoplewhoearnalotofmoneyaresuccessful Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer SentenceI Nowadays peopleoftenconsiderthatonlytheoneswhoearnalargeamountofmoneyaresuccessful Nowadays peoplewouldliketoholdtheviewthatonlythosewhoearnmuchmaterialwealthcanbeviewedasthesuccessfulones Nowadays manypeoplebelievethatalargeincomeequalssuccess Practice 175 Somestudentslikeclasseswhereteacherslecture doallofthetalking inclass Otherstudentspreferclasseswherethestudentsdosomeofthetalking Whichtypeofclassdoyouprefer Givespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice b Showyourpersonalopinion 要求 观点鲜明 简明扼要 SentenceII常用句型 前半句 AsfarasIamconcerned Inmypointofview Asforme Formypart Intermsofme Personallyspeaking 后半句 Iwouldsay assertthat Itendtoagree disagreethat Thereissomethingcertain wrongtosay considerthat Itisnodoubtthat 完整的句子 Itseemstomethat Examples 27 Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement Peopleshouldsometimesdothingsthattheydonotenjoydoing Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer SentenceII Inmyopinion therereallyissomethingwrong nevertheless tothinkwecouldbefinallysuccessfulbyonlydoingthingsthatwedoenjoydoing AsfarasIamconcerned itisnodoubtthatinsomecases peopleshoulddowhattheyinfactdonotenjoyingdoinginordertobesuccessful Formypart Itendtoagreethatundersomecircumstancespeopleoughttodowhattheyarenotgladtodo Practice 175 Somestudentslikeclasseswhereteacherslecture doallofthetalking inclass Otherstudentspreferclasseswherethestudentsdosomeofthetalking Whichtypeofclassdoyouprefer Givespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice C Supportyouropinion 对接下来中间段要展开的两至三个分论点用一个原因状语从句或名词短语简要地提及一般接在SentenceII后作状语 不另成句 Why 使作者清楚文章的框架 便于预期和理解加深读者对文章内容的记忆限制思维的广度 使作者能深入思考理由和例证显示语言变化能力增加文章字数 常用句型 名词短语 becauseof dueto onaccountof inviewof inregardto intermsof considering given for原因状语从句 giventhat considering thefactthat for since seeingthat nowthat as inviewofthefactthat inthat forthereasonthat Sample SampleINowadays peopleoftenconsiderthat AsfarasIamconcerned Iwouldsaythat becauseof SampleIINowadays peopletendto Formypart Itendtoagree disagreethat forthereasonthat Example 话题 电视已经成为书本更有效的学习方式观点 完全同意理由1 电视画面和声音结合 吸引人 注意力集中 学习效率高 理由2 电视节目丰富多彩 信息量大 更