初二仁爱版英语上知识点及测评.doc

第一部分：单元解析Unit 1 Playing SportsTopic 1 Whats your favorite sport?重点词语:44 (1) 词组1. during the summer holidays 在暑假期间2. betweenand 在两者之间3. cheer sb. on 为某人加油4. prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事5. quite a bit/a lot 很多6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事7. have a skating club 举办滑雪俱乐部8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足9. arrive in 到达10. play against 与对抗/较量11. for long 很久12. leave for 动身去13. the day after tomorrow 后天14. places of interest 名15. 胜16. play baseball 打棒球17. at least 至少18. be good at 善于做某事19. take part in 参加20. all over the world 全世界21. be good for 对有益22. a good way 一种好方法23. keep fit/healthy 保持健康24. relax oneself 放松某人自己重点语言点1. see sb. do sth “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程,常与every day; often等连用.see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行.如: I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.I often see him draw pictures near the river. 我常看见她在河边画画.I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路.类似的有watch,hear,feel 等这类感观动词.2. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起”join + 组织 表示 “加入某个组织”take part in 表示 “参加/出席某个活动”如: Will you join us?I will join the skiing club.She is planning to take part in the high jump.3.make sth/sb + adj.使某物(某人)在某种状态keep sth/sb + adj.保持某物(某人)在某种状态如: Playing soccer can make your body strong.Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.重点语法一般将来时：（一）be going to 结构: 表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。 如：Im going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。如：Look at those clouds. Its going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！（二） will + 动词原形：表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year)等连用。will not = wont; 缩略形式为ll.表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。如：a. -Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。-Im sorry. Ill do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。b. -Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡还是茶？-I will have a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶。c. Dont worry. Ill help you. 别担心。我会帮你的。表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。如： Im sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。表示许诺。如： Ill do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。Ill visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.否定句：I/She/He/They wont go to play baseball soon.一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they wont.Topic 2 Would you mind saying sorry to Michael?一、重点词语:词形转换：(1) adj. + ly adv.loud loudly soft softly quiet quietlyclear clearly angry angrily easy easily (二) 词组:have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛fall ill 病倒了be a little far from 离有点远right away = at once 立刻;马上miss a good chance 错过一个好机会get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分shame on sb. 为某人感到羞耻do ones best 尽某人的力say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉be sure to do sth. 确定做某事be angry with 生某人的气with ones help = with the help of sb.在某人的帮助下take a seat 就坐never mind 不要紧a lot of traveling 一系列旅行love/enjoy doing sth. 喜爱/欢做某事have a very exciting life过着非常兴奋的生活as well 也throwinto 把投进follow/obey the rules 遵守规则over a century later 一个多世纪后more and more people 越来越多的人业二. 重点语言点1 .ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语.如: The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语)He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语)Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好吗?”如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗?Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗?2. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事”如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.我们确信下次一定会赢。be sorry for “为某事抱歉”be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉.Im sorry I lost your book. = Im sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丢你的书。3tired adj. “（感到）疲惫的” , 主语是人 如: I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物 如:This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫.类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的4.15-year-old “15岁的”15 years old “15岁” 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.类似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles5. instead “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开.instead of“替代;而不,相反”如: I wont go to Shanghai. Ill go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京.= Ill go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水.have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做.中获得乐趣”如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。三、交际用语(2) 请求和回答Requests ResponsesCould you please do me a favor? Sure. What is it?Will you join us? Id be glad to.Would you mind teaching me? Not at all. Lets go and practice.（二）道歉和回答Apologies ResponsesIm sorry I didnt call you last night. Never mind.I guess you were busy last night.Im sorry Im late for class. Thats OK. Please take a seat.Im sorry I lost your book. It doesnt matter. That book isnt important to me.Im sorry I broke your pen. Dont worry. I have another pen.Topic 3 Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics.一、重点词组:join the English club 加入英语俱乐部host the 2008 Olympics 举办2008年奥运会fill out 填出/好all the interesting places 所有有趣的地方quite a lot 相当多make friends with 与交朋友be afraid 恐怕win the first gold medal 赢得第一枚金牌get 28 gold medals 获得28枚金牌the winner of the first gold medal 第一枚金牌的获胜者every four years 每四年;每隔三年the mascot for the Beijing Olympics 北京奥运会的吉祥物behave well 举止得体improve the environment 改善环境plant trees and grass 种植花草树木a symbol of 一种的象征the five parts of the world 世界的五大部分do morning exercises 做早操be fond of (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)某事二. 重点语言点fill out + 名词 “填好”fill + 名词/代词+out如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 请填好这张表格.Please fill it/them out. (当宾语是代词时, 只能放中间) 请把它(们)填好.be afraid “恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人.be afraid of “害怕(做)”如: Im afraid I wont be free. 我恐怕没有空.He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗.They are afraid of losing the game. 他们害怕输了比赛.may be “可能是” may是情态动词 + bemaybe “或许; 可能” maybe是副词如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师.He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字.between 在两者之间among 在三者或三者当中如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之间.The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中.5. There be 句型的一般将来时正:There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.= There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.误:There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.= There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.三、交际用语提建议的句型:Would you like to go hiking with us? 你想和我们一起去远足吗?What/How about going hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足怎么样?Why dont you go hiking with us? 你为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?Why not go hiking with us? 为什么不和我们为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?呢?Lets go hiking. 让我们一起去远足吧!Would you mind going hiking with us? 你介意和我们一起去远足吗?Would you please go hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足好吗?Shall we go hiking? 我们一起去远足好吗? (shall在疑问句中与I 和we连用,表示提出或征求意见. 意思为 “好吗?/ 要不要?)Unit 2 Keeping HealthyTopic 1 How are you feeling today?一、重点词组:see a dentist/doctor 看牙医/医生have a cough/fever 患咳嗽/发高烧have the flu 得了流感have sore eyes 眼睛发炎have a sore throat 喉咙发炎take/have a (good) rest（好好）休息sleep well 睡得好drink a lot of boiled water 多喝开水lift heavy things 提重物stay in bed 呆在床上have a good sleep 好好睡一觉feel terrible 感到难受take some medicine/ pills 吃药bad luck 倒霉lie down 躺下hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶brush ones teeth 刷牙have an accident 出了事故/意外send sb. to. 送某人去take/ have a look at 看一看get well 恢复健康plenty of 充足;大量take off your coat 脱掉你的大衣二 重点语言点身体某个部位 + ache，表身体某处疼痛。如: headache 头痛 backache 背痛 stomachache 胃痛 toothache 牙痛medicine “药” 为不可数名词pill “药片” 为可数名词如: take some medicine 吃些药 take some cold pills 吃些感冒药with “含有”without “没有”hot tea with honey 加蜜的茶 coffee with sugar and milk 加糖和牛奶mooncake with eggs 含鸡蛋的月饼Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without anything 中国清茶Go to school without (eating) breakfast. 没吃早饭去上学。until “直到为止” ; 句中动词一般为延续性动词not until. “直到才” ; 句中动词一般为短暂性动词如: He will wait for his father until ten oclock. 他将等他父亲一直到10点为止.He wont leave until his father comes . 直到他父亲来他才离开.bothand. “和(两者)都”; 当主语时,谓语动词用复数.如: I know both Jim and Tom. 吉姆和汤姆俩人我都认识.Both Jim and I are 16 years old. 我和吉姆都是16岁.plenty of “充足;大量” 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词, 只用于肯定句,相当于a lot of/ lots ofmany “许多”, 修饰可数名词much “许多”, 修饰不可数名词如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water. 你应该喝大量的开水.You shouldnt drink so much water. 你不应该喝这么多水.I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books. 我有许多水.三、交际用语(一)询问病情Whats wrong/the matter/ the trouble with you ? 有什么不舒服?How are you feeling now? 你现在感觉怎么样?Do you have a cold? 你得了感冒了吗?(二)诉说病情1. I feel terrible./ I am feeling terrible. 我感到难受.2. I have a headache/stomachache/. 我头痛/肚子痛.3. I cant sleep well at night. 我晚上睡不4. 好觉.5. I cough day and night. 我日日夜夜地咳嗽.6. But my left leg hurts when I move it. 但是当我移动时,我的左腿疼.(3) 表示同(4) 情1. Im sorry to hear that.听到这事我感到难过.2. Thats too bad. 那太糟了.3. Bad luck. 倒霉.(5) 表达建议1. Youd better (not) do sth最好(不 )做某事.2. You should/shouldnt do sth 你(不) 应该做某事.3. Shall I take you to the hospital? 我带你去医院好吗?Topic 2 Is it good for your health?一、重点词组:look tired 看起来很累watch a soccer game on TV 在电视上观看一场足球赛stay up 熬夜keep long fingernails 留长指甲wash hands before meals 饭前洗手play sports right after meals 饭后适当运动take a fresh breath 呼吸新鲜空气be necessary for 对于是必不可少的keep you active 使你保持精力旺盛in the daytime 在白天throw litter about 乱扔垃圾get enough sleep 得到足够的睡眠exercise on an empty stomach 空腹锻炼= without eating anythingneed to do sth 需要做某事get into 进入become sick 生病fight germs 抗击病菌keep the air clean and fresh 保持空气清新eat bad food 吃变质食物sweep the floors 打扫地板as we know 众所周知have the right kinds of food 吃正确种类的（健康的）食品choose the wrong food 选择错误的（不健康的）食品in different ways 用不同的方法make us sick 使我们生病二、 重点语言点disease 通常指具体的病, 表 “特定的疾病、病名”illness 通常指生病的状态或表抽象的疾病 如： Germs can cause diseases. 细菌会引发疾病。 SARS is a serious disease. 非典是一种严重的疾病。 Dont worry about his illness. 别担心他的病。exercise 表“锻炼/运动”时, 为不可数名词;表“练习”或有定语修饰时, 为可数名词.如: He often takes/does exercise in the morning. 他经常上午锻炼.Please do the exercises at once.请马上做这些练习.He does morning exercises every day. 他每天做早操Walking is good exercise. 散步是很好的锻炼.enough adj. “足够的”修饰名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后.(但通常放在名词之前)如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work. 我有足够的时间完成这项工作.There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物.adv. “足够地” 修饰形容词或副词时, 均放在所修饰词的后面.如: He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他足够高,能够得着苹果.He speaks clearly enough. 他讲得足够清楚.need “需要, 必需”1 作实义动词: need sth. 需要某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事如: I need some help. 我需要一些帮助.You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看医生.He needs to take a bus. 他需要去搭车.2 作情态动词: need + 动词原形如: If she wants anything, she only need ask. 她想要什么东西, 只要开口就行了.You neednt finish this work today. 你不必今天完成这项工作.6too much + 不可数名词 表“太多的。”much too + 形容词 表“太。”，much 起加强语气作用如：Dont eat too much meat. 不要吃太多的肉。He is much too fat. 他实在太胖了。三.重点语法情态动词:must “必须, 一定”如: We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习.mustnt “不可以” 如: You mustnt walk on the lawn. 你不可以在草坪上行走.should “应该” 如: We should finish it on time. 我们应该按时完成它.shouldnt “不该” 如: You shouldnt go to school late. 你不该上学迟到.had better “最好” 如：You had better go to bed early.你最好早睡。had better not “最好不” 如：You had better not go to bed late.你最好不要迟睡。may “可以”如: May I come in? 我可以进来吗?“可能” 如: You may get a headache when you work too hard.当你工作太努力时,你可能会头疼.Topic 3 We should do our best to fight SARS.一、重点词组:hurry up 赶紧/快go ahead = go on 继续（问）spread easily 易传播be afraid of 害怕catch SARS 患上非典do ones best to do sth 尽力做某事fight SARS 抗击非典keep away from animals 远离动物do house cleaning 打扫屋子go to crowded places 去拥挤的地方all the time = always 总是/一直examine the patients 检查病人take a message 捎口信take care of 照顾= look after / care for tell/ask sb. to do sth 叫某人做某事call back 回电话leave a message 留口信take an active part in 积极参加care for patients 照顾病人save the patients 挽救病人spend the time 度过时光teach oneself 自学help mother cook 帮助妈妈煮东西on the phone/Internet 在电话中/在互联网上enjoy oneself 过得愉快tell sb. a story / stories 给某人讲故事take some Chinese medicine 吃些中药二、重点语言点常用的反身代词词组:take care of oneself = look after oneself 照顾某人自己teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴help sb (to) do sth = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事如: I helped my mother cook at home.= I helped my mother with the cook at home. 我在家帮我母亲做饭.三、重点语法(一) 情态动词: must 与 have to must 必须;一定”, 表示有做某一动作的必要或义务,侧重表达说话者的主观看法.（只有一种时态）如：We must wash hands before meals. 饭前我们必须洗手.We must eat healthy food. 我们必须吃健康的食物. have to “不得不,必须”, 侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而不得不做某事（可用于各种时态）如：Its too late. I have to go now. 太迟了.现在我得走了.I had to borrow some money at that time. 那时我不得不借了一些钱.*-Must we keep the windows open all the time?-No, we dont have to. / No, we neednt. (注意回答时不能用No, we mustnt.)(二)电话用语:Hello! Could /May I speak to, please? 你好! 我能跟通话吗?May I take a message? 我能捎个口信吗?This is Kangkang. 我是康康.Hello! Whos that? 你好! 你是谁?Review of Units 1-2break the window 打破窗户（玻璃）get lost 丢失；迷路on ones way (to) 在.的路上take the wrong bus 搭错车one of the most popular sports 最受欢迎的运动之一a group of people 一群人form an international organization 成立一个国际组织put sth in low places 把某物放在低处eat sth by mistake 误吃ask for three days leave 请三天的假Unit 3 Our HobbiesTopic 1 I love collecting stamps一.重点词汇 such as 例如 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 take a bath 洗澡 be interested in 对感兴趣go dancing 跳舞 go boating 划船 play volleyball 打排球 swimming 游泳 drawing 画画 collecting stamps 集邮 collecting coins 收藏硬币 listening to pop music 听流行音乐 listening to classical music 听古典音乐listening to symphony 听交响乐 walking in the countryside 在乡间散步二.重点句型：1.Wow! So many stamps!(Page 53)哇，那么多的邮票！本句意为：There are so many stamps.so many意思是“那么多”，so much意思也是“那么多”。如：1）There are so many flowers. Or:So many flowers！这里有这么多的花。2)There is so much water on the table. Or: So much water!桌子上有那么多的水。 2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps. (Page 53)通过这些邮票我们可以学到许多关于人文、地理、历史和特殊时代的知识。a lot “许多、大量”，用在动词后，同very much。如:1）She had told me a lot about how to learn English well.她告诉我许多有关怎样学好英语的方法。2）Thanks a lot.非常感谢。另外，a lot of 和lots of 的意思也是“许多、大量”，要用在名词前，在肯定句中常代替much，many。在口语中尤其如此。如：There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有许多历史书。There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有许多雪。We have had a lot of / lots of fruits. 我们吃过许多水果。a lot of和lots of之间没有多大区别，都可以与可数名词和不可数名词连用。与不可数名词连用时，动词用单数，与可数名词连用时，动词用复数。见上述例句。3.Would you like to collect any of these things? (Page 53)你想集下面这些东西吗?would you like to +动词原形，表示“想要”如:1) Would you like to have a cup of coffee? 你想要一杯咖啡吗？2)Would you like to have something to drink？你想要点喝的吗？any 用在疑问句、条件从句中，可以翻译为“什么”、“一些”。如:1)Are there any letters for me? 这有我的信吗？2)If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有什么困难，请告诉我。4.I am interested in playing sports. (Page 54)我对运动感兴趣。be interested in (doing) sth. “对感兴趣”如:1）Iam interested in reading books.我对读书特别感兴趣。2）Jack is interested in football.杰克对足球很感兴趣。5.What do you often do in your spare time? (Page 55)在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？in ones spare time “在业余时间”“在闲暇之际”，也可用in ones free time替换。如:1）I shall do it in my spare time. 我会在我的业余时间做这件事。2）In my free time I often go to the movies.在闲暇之际，我常去看电影。 6. I often go fishing. (Page 55)我经常去钓鱼。go + doing表示“去做某事”go +v-ing结构很常用，多用于体育活动和业余娱乐活动。如:1)Lets go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧。2)Are you going hiking this weekend?这个周末你打算去远足吗？另外还有：go hunting 去打猎go shooting 去射击go swimming 去游泳go bathing 去沐浴go shopping 去购物go climbing 去爬山7.And I do a lot of reading. (Page 55)我通常都是阅读一些书籍。在英语中有不少由“do + doing”的结构，表示“干某事”。如：散步do some walking do a lot of walking读书do somereadingdo a lot of reading洗衣服do somewashingdo a lot of washing买东西do some shoppingdo a lot of shopping清扫do some cleaningdo a lot of cleaning8Im a movie fan. 我是一个电影迷。fan(运动、电影等)狂热爱好者。如:a film / football / star fan 同时，fan作为名词还有“风扇”的意思。如：electric fan 电扇。9I also rent VCDs and watch them at home. 我也租一些VCD在家看。watch “观看、注视”。如：1) I like to watch TV.我喜欢看电视。2) Are you going to play or watch?你将参加比赛还是只是去看看？10.Why not go out and do some outdoor activities?为什么不走出去做一些户外运动呢？这是一个省略句，全句可以说成Why shall we not go out and do some outdoor activities?常在口语中使用，用来征求对方的意见或表达建议。使用这种句子必须要有上下文，如：1）Why not meet at the school gate?我们在校门口见面好吗？2）Why not run a little faster?为什么不跑快一点呢？some“一些、几个”，用在疑问句中, 表示希望得到肯定回答。如：1）Would you like to give us some good advice?请给我们一些好的建议好吗？ 2）Would you like some coffee or tea?请问，你是想喝咖啡还是茶？11.Maybe I need a change. (Page 55) 或许我需要改变。maybe “也许、可能、大概”。如：1）Maybe he will come, maybe he