提升机机械类提升机基础设计的几个问题外文翻译@中英文翻译@外文文献翻译

原文： Hoist the basic design of several issues Abstract: This paper hoist and load transfer between the concrete foundation for a more detailed analysis； compared with the norms on the basis of the determination of stability factor on the basis of the stability of the hoist recommendations Coefficient value； and sets out to improve the upgrade Resistance Capability of machine base measures for design. Key words: local pressure； shear keys； overturning； anti-slip； stability Preface Surface coal mine hoist room is an important part of the production system. Tied with Derrick important structures for the upgrading of the system. With the increase in coal production capacity, upgrading the previous single-mode can no longer meet the needs of modern production, the progressive development of multi-round, multi-rope lifting way. Enhance the ropes pull also increased and role of tension based on the hoist is also growing. The past, the basis of a single Shengti lift weight alone can meet the requirements to enhance the stability of machine. Requirements may construct the foundation made of plain concrete foundation. Mine is a large machine used in multi rope, then part of the foundation alone hoist weight falls far short of basic stability. Need to broaden the basis of weight or other technical measures using other anchor. Thereby enhancing machine-based design raises new problems and new demands, more and more attention by the engineering and technical personnel. 1 Hoist-based stress analysis 1.1Determination of hoist rope tension Wire rope at one end and raise the container skip or cage connected to the other end is connected with the hoist drum. Derrick and hoist through the support form the basis of force balance system. Therefore, the wire rope in the rope load derrick load can indeed .Determined as follows: 1) The normal work load when the hoist rope (Qk) Standard value: press Mine headframe design GB50385 - 2006 No. 41113 in the calculation. 2) when the wire rope off rope load (Ak) standard values for single-Sheng Ti l, in which a rope for the break Sheng He set out, the other 2 times the normal load； for multi rope, of which the sideSheng He set all the broken rope, the other side of the 0133 times for all the rope off Sheng He set. 1.2Hoist equipment and basic load transfer between General equipment manufacturers to provide information to enhance machine-based, and structure associated with: Equipment and size point of the force, Hole, casing, bolts and steel shear keys and so on. Figure 1. Known by the Figure 1: hoist by bolts in tension, shear steel shear key to the level of force transmission to the foundation. Hoist the basis of the whole, for the massive foundation. Computational model of a rigid body, based on relatively little between the various parts of deformation, stress level is low, generally may from time to calculate an overall strength. 70s Red Flag Factory in the 20th century brand compressor assembly-based determination of the surface of steel stress is only 70 140N / cm2 1. The large volume of concrete foundation construction concrete hydration heat in order to prevent the formation of internal and external temperature, and the temperature cracks, generally require basic structural steel surface configuration. But in the elevator equipment and the direct interaction between the concrete foundation of some of the stress concentration significantly, the need for computing and reinforcement, the designer often easy to overlook.Mainly for the following two parts: the basis of concrete local office bolt pressure plate, steel embedded in concrete shear key part. The two sites of force transmission to the base hoist the key parts of the design should enhance the machine-based reinforcement calculation of local stress and attention. The following detailed discussion of these two parts separately. 1.2.1Partial pressure of concrete General bolts provided by the manufacturer, asked the location of civil engineering profession in the corresponding buried steel casing, elevator bolt and pull through the nut on the local pressure of concrete delivered to the concrete foundation. Concrete local force model similar to the anchor plate with end. Concrete in the base 450 along the failure surface diffusion to form a cone. In order to avoid brittle fracture, can be extended to form a larger cone bolt failure surface, or around the bolt to configure the reinforced concrete so that the bolt pull in whole or in part by the reinforced passed on. At this point requested by the destruction of tensile reinforcement in the cone base plane and the lower part of the length of not less than the tensile reinforcement anchorage length. Nut washer in concrete in the local compressive stress is concentrated, in order to prevent local crushing of concrete, this should be part of the reinforced concrete configuration indirect binding, the specific calculation and construction requirements see the design of concrete structures GB50010 - 2002 related to the requirements of section . Manufacturers to provide the embedded steel casing and internal bolt gap between the relatively large, refer to the anchor prestressing anchorage ends the construction requirements, should set the basis for concrete and steel pipe welded steel plate embedded. Steel plate size to no more than the reserved ends bolt hole width is appropriate. Set of steel plate has the advantage of stress can be further spread and reduce the stress level of concrete around the casing. 3. American Petroleum Institute, Spec!fication/br Wire Rope. APISpec(fication 9A (Spec 9A), 23rd edn. Washington, DC,1984. 4. Djivre, M., Mine ShaJ Ropes: Ontario Destructite Wire Testin,q Program. Ontario Ministry of Labour, Sudbury, Ontario,16 January 1991, p. 5. 2 Calculated based on the stability of the hoist Hoist by bolts and steel and concrete shear key base fused to work together. Rope force upgrade process requirements under the direction of the horizontal angle is generally not less than 50 . Improve the level and the vertical component rope are relatively large, and roughly equal. Enhance the pull rope on a diagonal basis of the stability of negative factors. Therefore, the stability of the need for basic computing. Stability calculation based also includes two aspects: the basis and foundation for overturning the anti-slip. 2.1Overturning the basis of calculation 2.1.1Overturning stability calculations determine the rotation axis Hoist by bolts and steel and concrete shear key base fused to work together. Rope force upgrade process requirements under the direction of the horizontal angle is generally not less than 50 . Improve the level and the vertical component rope are relatively large, and roughly equal. Enhance the pull rope on a diagonal basis of the stability of negative factors. Therefore, the stability of the need for basic computing. Stability calculation based also includes two aspects: the basis and foundation for overturning the anti-slip. 2.2 Calculated based on anti-slip There are two possibilities based on sliding, a surface-based substrate and the substrate to overcome the friction between soil and sliding along the substrate surface. Another level of force to overcome the internal friction of soil to foundation and the bearing layer of soil with the sliding part. The latter generally difficult to occur because the substrate to allow the general stress of a certain safety factor, which guarantees the basal soil will not produce localized plastic flow to achieve the ultimate balance. Therefore, the only case before the anti-slide stability checking. In the slide there are two favorable factors in the calculation are not taken into account. room with a certain thickness of concrete made on the basis of rigid anti-slide floor effect, in fact, reasonably rigid floor structure has a good foundation to prevent sliding function； backfill around the solid basis of a role in stabilizing certain basic effect. Also based on the foundation soil before the passive earth pressure are generally not considered because of passive earth pressure often associated with the basis of full sliding occurs, and is now commonly used Coulomb theory to yield the value of passive earth pressure is too large. Therefore, taken together, can reduce the safety factor against sliding, especially in the case of accidental loads. Mine headframe design GB50385 - 2006 provides that: derrick-based anti-slip stability factor of 112. Also provides: the foundation and basis for, from time to broken rope, anti-dropping braking effect of seismic load effect and the combination of checking. Therefore, the basis for the elevator (squat-type shallow foundation) in the off Sheng He set stable under the action of anti-slip coefficient is more appropriate for the 111 112, projects can be economical. 3 Other issues needing attention 1) Sometimes, in order to increase the basis of weight, often the reducer, motor base and hoist base as a single entity. At this point, there are center-based force together with the projection rope hoist position of greater eccentricity. In the design basis should be adjusted to some of the ground below, so that the center of the two as close as possible. Weight in order to fully meet the theoretical assumptions. 2) As the elevator based on the design layout of the main structure by the surrounding layout and can not re-expand size. Can be taken to increase the anti-slide, anchor and uplift piles. To ensure that the foundation Sheng He set off under the stability. 3) To improve the capacity of hoist-based sliding the option following structural measures: set rigid floor, foundation backfill around the filling layer compacting ram； for soil under the foundation underside； increase Depth of Foundation； headframe and hoist room based on the actual layout of the situation can be the basis derrick hoist base and set the connection between the components to form a force balance. 译文： 提升机基础设计的几个问题 摘 要 : 文章对提升机与混凝土基础间的传力进行了较详细的分析 ； 比较了各规范对基础稳定系数的确定 , 对提升机基础的稳定系数取值提出了建议值 ； 并列出了提高提升机基础抗滑能力的一些措施 , 可供设计参考。 关键词 : 局部承压 ； 抗剪键 ； 抗倾覆 ； 抗滑移 ； 稳定性 前言 提升机房是煤矿地面生产系统的重要组 成部分。与井架并列为提升系统的重要建筑物。随着煤矿生产能力的提高 , 以往单一的提升方式已不能满足现代企业生产的需要 ,逐步发展到多轮、多绳的提升方式。提升钢绳的拉力也随之增大 , 作用在提升机基础上的拉力也越来越大。以往单绳提升机仅靠基础自重即可满足提升机的稳定要求。基础也可按构造要求做成素混凝土基础。现在大型矿井中采用的多绳提升机 , 则仅凭提升机部分的基础自重远远满足不了基础稳定的要求。需要扩大基础的配重或另采用其它锚固的技术措施。从而对提升机基础的设计提出了新的问题和新的要求 , 也越来越受到工程技术人员的重 视。 1 提升机基础的受力分析 1.1 提升机钢绳拉力的确定 提升机钢绳一端与提升容器箕斗或罐笼相连 , 另一端与提升机滚筒相连。通过支撑井架与提升机基础形成力的平衡系统。因此 , 提升机钢绳荷载可按井架中钢绳荷载确定 , 具体如下 : 1) 正常工作时提升机钢绳荷载 (Qk )标准值 :按矿山井架设计规范 GB50385 - 2006 中第 41113 条计算。 2) 断绳时提升机钢绳荷 ,对于单绳提升 , 其中一根钢绳上为断绳荷载 , 另一根为 2 倍正常工作荷载 ；对于多绳提升 , 其中一侧为所有钢绳的断绳荷载 , 另一侧为所有钢绳的 0133 倍断绳荷载。 1.2 提升机设备与基础间传力 一般设备厂家提供提升机基础的相关资料 , 与结构相关的有 : 设备力的作用点及大小、预留洞、套管、螺栓及型钢抗剪键等。如图 1。 由图 1 知 : 提升机是通过螺栓受拉 , 型钢抗剪键受剪将水平力传递到基础上。 提升机基础从整体上看 , 为大块式基础。其计算模型为刚体 , 基础各部分之间基本没有相对变形 , 应力水平低 ,一般可不进行整体强度计算。 20 世纪 70年代某厂红旗牌压缩机装配式基础表面钢筋应力测定仅为 70 140N / cm2 1 。对于体积大的混凝土基础为了防止施工混凝土水化热形成内外温差 , 导致温度裂缝 , 一般要求基础表面配置构造钢筋。但是在提升机设备与混凝土基础间的直接作用力的部分 , 应力集中现象明显 , 需要进行计算和配筋 , 往往设计人员容易忽略。主要为以下两个部位 : 螺栓垫板处基础混凝土局部压、型钢抗剪键埋入混凝土的部分。这两个部位为提升机传力给基础的关键部位 , 设计中应对提升机基础的局部应力和配筋计算引起高度重视。以下分别对这两部分详细讨论。 1.2.1混凝土局部承压 一般螺栓由厂家提供 , 要求土建专业在相应 的位置埋设钢套管 , 提升机的螺栓上的拉力是通过螺帽对混凝土的局部承压传递到混凝土基础上。混凝土局部的受力模式类似于带端板的锚栓。在基础混凝土中沿 450 扩散形成一个锥形破坏面。为了避免发生脆性破坏 , 可加长螺栓以形成更大的锥形破坏面 , 或者在螺栓周边混凝土中配置受拉钢筋 , 使的螺栓的拉力全部或部分由受拉钢筋传递下去。此时要求受拉钢筋在锥形破坏面内和下部基础中的长度都不小于钢筋的抗拉锚固长度。 螺帽垫圈下混凝土中的局部压应力非常集中 , 为防止混凝土局部压碎 , 应对此部分混凝土配置间接钢筋加以约束 , 具体计算及构 造要求参见混凝土结构设计规范 GB50010 - 2002 中相关章节的要求。厂家提供的预埋钢套管与内部螺栓之间的空隙比较大 ,参考预应力钢筋的锚具端头锚固的构造要求 , 宜在基础混凝土中设置与钢套管焊接的预埋钢垫板。钢垫板的尺寸以不大于螺栓端头的预留洞的宽度为宜。设置钢垫板的好处在于可将压应力进一步扩散 , 降低套管周边混凝土的应力水平。 2 提升机基础的稳定计算 提升机通过螺栓与型钢抗剪键与混凝土基础连成一体 ,共同工作。提升钢绳作用力的方向按工艺要求一般为与水平线的夹角不小于 50。提升钢绳的水平和竖向分力均比 较大 , 且大致相等。提升钢绳的斜向上拉力成为基础的稳定不利因素。因此需要进行基础稳定性的计算。基础的稳定性计算又包括两