高中英语五种基本句型.doc

高中英语五种基本句型1 改错 1.It is important for you to keep yourself have a healthy life. 2.We are go to bed early and get up early too. 3. because is good for our body. 4.I hope we will more and more healthy. 5.Its can help you more healthy. 二五种基本句型主+谓 (+V ) He runs.主+谓+宾 (S+V+O) People make history.主+系+表 (S+link-V+P) Knowledge is power.主+谓+间宾+直宾 (S+V+IO+O) He gave me a book.主+谓+宾+宾补 (S+V+O+C) We call her Lily.基本句型 一:(主谓)主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当 He runs fast.To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work. Who is speaking, please? Skating is good exercise.Whether well go depends on the weather.Two-thirds of the workers are women. 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征只有动词才可以充当谓语 。Some children asked for cold drinks. I shall go to see him tomorrow. I must ask her to teach me to swim. I made your birthday cake last night.What does this word mean? I wont do it again. (不及物动词)1. The sunrose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly.共同特点: 谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。巩固练习：1她昨天回家很晚。_ 2会议将持续两个小时。_3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大。_4.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了._5.会议有可能开两个半小时._基本句型 二: + +（主谓宾）共同特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 Show your passport, please. He didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? 巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。_ 2.他们成功地完成了计划。_3.这本书他读过多次了._4.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。_基本句型 三： +link- +（主系表）共同特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand；3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。Africa is a big continent.That remains a puzzle to me.Whats your fax number?I feel much better today.Her job is selling computers.Our next step was to get raw materials ready.The patient is out of danger.I dont feel at ease.This is what he said.巩固练习：1. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了_2. 孩子们很少保持安静。_3. 他失业了。_ 4. 树叶已经变黄了。_5. 这个报告听起来很有意思。_基本句型 四： + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。_ 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_ 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？_4.他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。_基本句型 五: + + +（主谓宾宾补）宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词, 不定式,动名词, 分词, 介词短语等。共同特点: 动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语, 才能使意思完整。宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的I consider him a gentleman. Wash your hands clean. I found him out. They left me wait. I heard my name called. I thought him to be a good man. Make yourself at home. His wife has made him what he is .用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.巩固练习1.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。_ 2.我要你把真相告诉我。_3.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。_4.他感到很难跟你交谈。_ 5.我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。_ 6.学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。_ There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 巩固练习1.灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。_ 2.战前这儿一直有家电影院的。_ 3.恰好那时房里没人。_4.从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 _5. 公共汽车来了。_注：除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（s+v+o+o.c）为例： We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs