浅析英汉语言中色彩词的功能意义差异

A contrastive study on the function meaning of color words on English and Chinese.The Thesis for Obtaining BA from Science cultural differences; comparison; connotationIII内容摘要：颜色是自然界客观存在的事物，因此对色彩的认识是人类最基本的认知范畴之一.色彩不仅具有物理属性，还有着丰富的文化内涵和延伸意义，恰当地使用颜色词能使语言生辉添色。颜色词作为一种视觉效果，人们对它的感知应该是一致的。但是，由于世界各民族语言表达受地理环境，民俗风情，思维方式，宗教信仰，社会制度，文学艺术及其生活方式的差异的影响，不同民族语言表达颜色词语多寡不一，分类各异，颜色词也表现各民族独特的“个性” 。而语言不仅是文化的载体，也是文化的一个重要组成部分。换句话说，文化包含语言并影响语言，通过语言可以更好的了解文化。因此，必须把语言与文化知识结合起来才能顺利地进行交际。在英汉两种语言中，表示颜色的词汇占据了很大的一部分。而且，英汉两个民族对各种颜色词在视觉上和心理上所产生的联想，象征意义，蕴含的寓意不尽相同，同中有异，异中有同。因此，了解这些颜色词及其它们的联想象征意义和蕴涵的寓意在中西方的异同点，有利于我们更好地了解中西方的文化，并促进中西文化交流。关键词: 颜色词；文化差异；比较；内涵IVAcknowledgementsThe paper was completed in December 11, 2011, and many people have helped with it. Here I would particularly like to acknowledge my respectable supervisor, A/Prof. Fang Yanling, for the valuable advice that she has given to me in the writing of this paper, in addition to what she has taught me was how to prepare and write the paper. I also want to acknowledge the teachers in School of Foreign Language of Xiangfan University who provided me with rich information and gave me great encouragement. Besides, my friends should also be acknowledged for their kind and generous help. V ContentsAbstract.1内容摘要.11. Introduction.22. The definition of color words 3 2.1The classification of color words.32.1.1. Basic color word32.1.2. Color words with color of objects.32.2. The structures of color words.32.2.1. The structure of similar color words.32.2.2. The structure of dissimilar color words.33. Background33.1. Color Words and Their Historical Backgrounds33.2. COLORS IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE CULTURES.44. Different symbolic and associative meaning of color words in Chinese and English.44.1 Color words and politics.4 .4.1.1. Red .44.1.2. Yellow.44.1.3. White44.1.4 Black.44.1.5 Purple.44.2 Color words and economy.44.2.1 Black.44.2.2 White.44.3 Color words and cultural54.3.1Red.54.3.2 White.54.3.3 Black.54.3.4Green.54.4 Color words and daily life54.4.1 Blue54.4.2 White.54.4.3 Green.54.4.4 Purple.54.4.5 Orange.55. The comparison in translating color words in Chinese and English.65.1. The difficulties in translate basic color words65.1.1 The usages and features of basic color words65.1.2 Basic color words connotation in Chinese and English65.2. The difficulties in translate object color words.6VI 5.3. The Other difficulties in translating color words75.3.1. Non-Equivalence in Referential Meaning.75.3.2. Non-Equivalence in Pragmatic Meaning.76. Conclusion.8References.9Appendix.10IA contrastive study on the function meaning of color words on English and Chinese.Major: EnglishStudent No.:08305105Name: Dai RenSupervisor: Fang YanlingAbstract: Color words are impersonal existence of nature, so it is beyond human beings category to learn about colors. And color not only has some objective attributions, it also contains various cultural connotations and extending meanings. And it will make language livelier to properly use color words. As man can see color with their own eyes, it seems that people have the same description of color words. However, because different peoples have different geographic environments, customs, ways of thinking, religious beliefs, regimes, literature and arts and ways of living, there is no surprise that colors are described diversely in different countries. They show the particular personalities of each nation. And language is not only the carrier of culture, but also it is an important part of culture. In other words, culture includes and influences language. People could know culture through language. So only to combine culture with language can people success in communicating with each other. There are various color words in both Chinese and English, and almost all of them have similar and different associations, indications and connotations in both the two languages. So to have a good master of the differences and similarities of these words and their associations, indications and cultural connotations is a prerequisite for a better understanding of the different cultures of Eastern and Western countries, which will make the communication between Eastern and Western countries easier.Key words: color words; cultural differences; comparison; connotation内容摘要：颜色是自然界客观存在的事物，因此对色彩的认识是人类最基本的认知范畴之一.色彩不仅具有物理属性，还有着丰富的文化内涵和延伸意义，恰当地使用颜色词能使语言生辉添色。颜色词作为一种视觉效果，人们对它的感知应II该是一致的。但是，由于世界各民族语言表达受地理环境，民俗风情，思维方式，宗教信仰，社会制度，文学艺术及其生活方式的差异的影响，不同民族语言表达颜色词语多寡不一，分类各异，颜色词也表现各民族独特的“个性” 。而语言不仅是文化的载体，也是文化的一个重要组成部分。换句话说，文化包含语言并影响语言，通过语言可以更好的了解文化。因此，必须把语言与文化知识结合起来才能顺利地进行交际。在英汉两种语言中，表示颜色的词汇占据了很大的一部分。而且，英汉两个民族对各种颜色词在视觉上和心理上所产生的联想，象征意义，蕴含的寓意不尽相同，同中有异，异中有同。因此，了解这些颜色词及其它们的联想象征意义和蕴涵的寓意在中西方的异同点，有利于我们更好地了解中西方的文化，并促进中西文化交流。关键词: 颜色词；文化差异；比较；内涵31. IntroductionIn Chinese and English languages, the words and phrases of different colors are very abundant. . Colors may convey different messages to people of different cultures. Due to the respective cultural background and tradition, some phrases containing color words have far surpassed their original meanings, formin-g different connotations in cultures. The difference of the connotation of the c-olor between different cultures is determined by each different national and hist-orical background, the different traditions and habits, the different peoples life experience, and aesthetic psychology of culture. Color is a part of our life. Color words help us to understand the world around, like our sense of taste and smell. The basic color words in English such as red, yellow, white, black, not only express the colors of objective things, but also the obstruct things. The color words have specified semantic meanings in different cultures. Without understanding of them, we will probably run into obstacles or make a fun of ourselves in communication. Generally speaking, in Chinese culture, the symbolic meanings of color words are related to influences of feudal system, feudal superstition, primitive science, and poor education. The colors have strong political symbolic meanings and mystical tendencies. In English culture, the symbolic meanings of color words are affected by the Western nationality openness, science, education degree. The colors are of a few mystery meanings. The symbolic meanings of color words have been formed in the development of society and historical precipitation. It is a permanent phenomenon. In cross-cultural communication, the symbolic meanings of color words embody lots of cultural values and connotations in languages which make the languages more live